Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia Poznyak, Nikita G. Nikiforov, Antonina Starodubova, Tatyana Popkova, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of death globally, primarily due to the lack of effective preventive and therapeutic measures. Lifestyle and genetic factors play significant roles in the development of the disease.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Trevon Swain, Chris Chavez, Michael J. Myers
Summary: Provides new evidence on the roles and predicted targets of miR-146a, let-7a, and miR-22-3p in swine.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Neha Pandey, Meghana Rastogi, Sunit K. Singh
Summary: This study highlights the role of hsa-miR-21-5p in regulating pro-inflammatory genes in CHPV-infected human microglial cells. Upregulation of hsa-miR-21-5p during CHPV infection leads to downregulation of PTEN and subsequent phosphorylation of AKT and NF-kappa Bp65 in microglial cells. Overexpression of hsa-miR-21-5p further promotes AKT and NF-kappa Bp65 phosphorylation, while inhibition of hsa-miR-21-5p restores expression levels.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xue-Feng Yang, Xin Liu, Xiao-Yi Yan, De-Jing Shang
Summary: This study explored the effects of frog skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) temporin-1CEa and its analogs on ox-LDL induced macrophage-derived foam cells. The results showed that frog skin AMPs significantly improved cell viability, reduced intracellular lipid droplets, and decreased levels of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester. The AMPs also inhibited foam formation by reducing CD36 protein expression and suppressed inflammatory cytokine release by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malgorzata Kloc, Ahmed Uosef, Jacek Z. Kubiak, Rafik Mark Ghobrial
Summary: The development, progression, or stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques depend on the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Targeting macrophages and the RhoA pathway could potentially inhibit inflammation, promote tissue remodeling, and contribute to the resolution of atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Marta Correia de Sousa, Nicolas Calo, Cyril Sobolewski, Monika Gjorgjieva, Sophie Clement, Christine Maeder, Dobrochna Dolicka, Margot Fournier, Laurent Vinet, Xavier Montet, Jean-Francois Dufour, Bostjan Humar, Francesco Negro, Christine Sempoux, Michelangelo Foti
Summary: Despite being considered a potent oncomiR in human cancers, genetic deletion of miR-21 in mouse models surprisingly promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by affecting various signaling pathways and immune responses. These results challenge the current belief in miR-21 as an oncogene and raise caution regarding using miR-21 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for HCC.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaofei Xue, Fulei Li, Mengke Xu, Bowen Chen, Yanyan Zhao, Mengyu Wang, Ling Li
Summary: This study investigates the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of Gastrodin, a polyphenol extracted from Chinese natural herbal Gastrodiae elata Blume, on atherosclerosis. The results demonstrate that Gastrodin can attenuate atherosclerosis by suppressing foam cell formation and LPS-induced inflammatory response, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Paula Gonzalez-Lopez, Marta Alvarez-Villarreal, Ruben Ruiz-Simon, Andrea R. Lopez-Pastor, Melina Vega de Ceniga, Leticia Esparza, Jose L. Martin-Ventura, Oscar Escribano, Almudena Gomez-Hernandez
Summary: MicroRNAs miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p are significantly decreased in aortic and carotid samples from atherosclerosis patients and mice. Overexpression of these miRNAs can reduce inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. MiR-15a-5p may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for advanced atherosclerosis.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yajing Diao
Summary: The study showed that Clematichinenoside AR (AR) has beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by promoting cholesterol efflux, inhibiting foam cell formation and inflammation through regulating autophagy.
Article
Cell Biology
Jeongwon Kim, Sugyeong Ha, Minjung Son, Doyeon Kim, Mi-Jeong Kim, Bumseok Kim, Donghwan Kim, Hae Young Chung, Ki Wung Chung
Summary: The study found that TLR7 deficiency can alleviate tubular damage, inflammation, and fibrotic reactions in a renal fibrosis model. TLR7 activation leads to increased NF-κB activity and chemokine expression, which can be effectively blocked by a TLR7 inhibitor. Additionally, the endogenous miR-21 is significantly upregulated in the tubular epithelial regions and miR-21 treatment induces pro-inflammatory responses that can be inhibited by a TLR7 inhibitor. Therefore, TLR7 activation by endogenous miR-21 in renal epithelial cells contributes to inflammatory responses and may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jianhua Xue, Jiajia Liu, Bo Xu, Junbo Yu, Aixian Zhang, Lili Qin, Chun Liu, Yang Yang
Summary: The study found that miR-21-5p can inhibit the progression of sepsis induced by LPS in cardiac cells by regulating the PDCD4 gene, providing a new potential therapeutic target for patients with heart sepsis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Md Sayed Ali Sheikh
Summary: This study explores the clinical value of altered plasma mir-21 expression as a biomarker for the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its molecular impact on HUVEC cellular injuries. The study finds that the expression of plasma mir-21 is elevated in CAD patients and is able to differentiate them from healthy individuals. It also reveals that increased mir-21 expression is associated with aging. Inhibiting mir-21 increases HUVEC cellular viability and suggests a potential therapeutic target for CAD management.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yu-Chang Lai, Gul Habib Habiby, Chamila Chandana Jasing Pathiranage, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Hui-Wen Chen, Al Asmaul Husna, Chikara Kubota, Naoki Miura
Summary: The levels of circulating miRNAs can be affected by disease, acting as indicators of local disease. In cows with mastitis, miR-21 expression in serum significantly increased, while other miRNAs like miR-146a, miR-155, miR-222, and miR-383 remained unchanged. The upregulation of miR-21 in serum may reflect the impact of local inflammation on systemic reaction.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Milessa Silva Afonso, Monika Sharma, Martin Schlegel, Coen van Solingen, Graeme J. Koelwyn, Lianne C. Shanley, Lauren Beckett, Daniel Peled, Karishma Rahman, Chiara Giannarelli, Huilin Li, Emily J. Brown, Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran, Edward A. Fisher, Kathryn J. Moore
Summary: Inhibition of miR-33 shifts the balance of proatherosclerotic and antiatherosclerotic immune cell subsets in atherosclerotic plaques, reducing plaque burden and inflammation. This treatment also affects the expression of specific target genes in different macrophage subsets, ultimately leading to a decrease in aortic CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T-helper 1 cells, and an increase in regulatory T cells within plaques. These findings shed light on the immune mechanisms underlying the atheroprotective effects of anti-miR-33.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Qingyu Meng, Luya Pu, Qing Lu, Baisen Wang, Shuai Li, Bin Liu, Fan Li
Summary: Morin hydrate (MO) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, showing potential in treating atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses. MO inhibits atherosclerosis and promotes vascular endothelial autophagy by inhibiting autophagy pathways mediated by the NF kappa B signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)