E2 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism is predictive for obesity status in Roma minority population of Croatia

Background and Aims: The Roma (Gypsies) are a transnational minority, founder population characterized by unique genetic background modeled by culturally determined endogamy. The present study explores whether the widely found cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk effects of ACE I/D, APOE (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, epsilon 4), eNOS-VNTR and LEP G2548A polymorphisms can be replicated in this specific population. Methods and Results: The community-based study was carried on 208 adult Bayash Roma living in rural settlements of eastern and northern Croatia. Risk effect of four CVD candidate polymorphisms are related to the most prominent classical CVD risk phenotypes: obesity indicators (body mass index and waist circumference), hypertension and hyperlipidemia (triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol). For all of them the standard risk cut-offs were applied. The extent to which the phenotypic status is related to genotype was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The strongest associations were found for epsilon 2 allele of the APOE as a predictor of waist circumference (OR 3.301; 95% CI 1.254-8.688; p = 0.016) as well as for BMI (OR 3.547; 95% CI 1.471-8.557; p = 0.005). It is notable that epsilon 3 allele of APOE gene turned out to be a protective genetic factor determining low lipid levels. Conclusion: The strength of the relation and the similarity of the results obtained for both tested indicators of obesity provide firm evidence that APOE plays an important role in obesity development in the Roma population.