Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suyeon Lee, Myoungsook Lee
Summary: The MEK6 gene, when overexpressed, is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, increased body weight, and enhanced lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and liver. In combination with a high-fat diet, MEK6 exacerbates fat accumulation by significantly inhibiting lipolysis mechanisms and altering cytokine secretion in bone-marrow-derived macrophages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lun Hua, Jing Li, Yi Yang, Dandan Jiang, Xuemei Jiang, Xingfa Han, Jin Chao, Bin Feng, Lianqiang Che, Shengyu Xu, Yan Lin, Jian Li, Zhengfeng Fang, Mengmeng Sun, Senyan Du, Ting Luo, De Wu, Yong Zhuo
Summary: The role of liver FGF21 and the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were studied. TRF prevented body weight gain, improved glucose homeostasis, and protected against high-fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis and liver damage. However, these beneficial effects of TRF were blunted in mice lacking liver FGF21.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fangping Jia, Xiao Hu, Takefumi Kimura, Naoki Tanaka
Summary: Previous studies have shown that a high-fat diet contributes to liver fibrosis progression, and recent research focuses on the effects of different fat sources on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Specifically, trans fatty acid (TFA) and cholesterol-rich diets, but not saturated fatty acid (SFA) diets, have been found to significantly contribute to hepatic fibrosis in animal models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yanli Liu, Jiantao Yang, Xiaoying Liu, Rui Liu, Yibin Wang, Xinhuo Huang, Yingge Li, Ruifang Liu, Xiaojun Yang
Summary: Intensive selective breeding for high growth rate and body weight cause excess abdominal fat in broilers. Gut microbiota and folic acid were reported to regulate lipid metabolism. In this study, folic acid supplementation was found to decrease abdominal fat deposition in broilers by inhibiting adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, possibly through changes in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid production. (c) 2022 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hui Peng, Huiting Xu, Jie Wu, Jiangyuan Li, Yi Zhou, Zehuan Ding, Stefan K. Siwko, Xianglin Yuan, Kevin L. Schalinske, Gianfranco Alpini, Ke K. Zhang, Linglin Xie
Summary: This study revealed that maternal high-fat diet disrupts the methionine cycle and one-carbon metabolism in offspring livers, leading to changes in lipid homeostasis. Specific genes involved in one-carbon metabolism modified by different maternal diets were identified.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Haiting He, Yaxi Zhang, Yue Sun, Yanwei Zhang, Jingjing Xu, Yuzhen Yang, Jihua Chen
Summary: The study found that folic acid can reduce body fat percentage in obese mice, alleviate related metabolic disorders, and improve symptoms of osteoporosis. Folic acid modulates lipid metabolism and oxidative stress responses by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thus alleviating HFD-induced osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jihong Zhou, Yueer Yu, Lejia Ding, Ping Xu, Yuefei Wang
Summary: Recent studies have shown that matcha green tea can effectively prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity-related diseases. Dietary supplementation of matcha can reduce the activity of lipid droplet-associated proteins and increase the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, leading to improved metabolic capacity and liver function.
Article
Immunology
Yamei Duan, Xiongfeng Pan, Jiayou Luo, Xiang Xiao, Jingya Li, Prince L. Bestman, Miyang Luo
Summary: This study found a significant association between inflammatory cytokines and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were significantly associated with increased risks of NAFLD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leming Xiao, Chengrui Liang, Jing Gao, Yin Wang, Yanzi Guo, Kan Chen, Xiaoyuan Jia
Summary: The study demonstrated that cefminox sodium (CMNX) has a therapeutic effect on fatty accumulation in animal and cell models. CMNX reduced fatty liver in mice on a high-fat high-sugar diet and alleviated fatty accumulation in liver cells. The mechanism behind this effect involves inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and facilitation of fatty acid oxidation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Josiane Steluti, Andreia Machado Miranda, Eduardo De Carli, Cecilia Zanin Palchetti, Regina Mara Fisberg, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
Summary: A study in São Paulo City, Brazil, investigated the association between inflammatory markers and unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) in a population exposed to mandatory fortification. The results showed that higher UMFA concentrations were linked to lower levels of proinflammatory markers like TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-12. This suggests a connection between folate metabolism and inflammatory status in adults.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Smolka, Delia Schloesser, Catherine Hohnloser, Xavier Bemtgen, Caterina Jaenich, Laura Schneider, Julien Martin, Dietmar Pfeifer, Martin Moser, Peter Hasselblatt, Christoph Bode, Sebastian Grundmann, Franziska Pankratz
Summary: The study found that miR-100 plays a protective role in high fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome by reducing fat intake and hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting it could be a potential therapeutic target for liver steatosis.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ling-Yu Zhang, Hao-Hao Shi, Cheng-Cheng Wang, Yu-Ming Wang, Zi-Hao Wei, Chang-Hu Xue, Xiang-Zhao Mao, Tian-Tian Zhang
Summary: The lipid changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are associated with the development of NAFLD, and dietary phospholipids can reverse these changes. The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine has a greater impact on membrane composition.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hong-Na Mu, Qi Zhou, Rui-Yue Yang, Wei-Qing Tang, Hong-Xia Li, Si-Ming Wang, Jian Li, Wen-Xiang Chen, Jun Dong
Summary: Our study indicates that caffeic acid can potentially be used as a therapeutic approach for obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating gut microbiota composition and inhibiting inflammatory responses.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yamei Duan, Jiayou Luo, Xiongfeng Pan, Jia Wei, Xiang Xiao, Jingya Li, Miyang Luo
Summary: This study evaluated the association between inflammatory markers and NAFLD in obese children. The findings indicated that levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-17 were significantly associated with NAFLD, suggesting that these inflammatory cytokines may serve as non-invasive markers for the development of NAFLD.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yukiomi Nakade, Rena Kitano, Kazumasa Sakamoto, Satoshi Kimoto, Taeko Yamauchi, Tadahisa Inoue, Yuji Kobayashi, Tomohiko Ohashi, Yoshio Sumida, Kiyoaki Ito, Masashi Yoneda
Summary: The study revealed that a high-fat diet and obesity significantly impact the composition of bile acids, particularly CA and DCA levels in the liver and serum. Additionally, high-fat diet may promote GLP-1 secretion by increasing DCA levels, potentially slowing down the progression of NAFLD.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Emma Laing, Andrea K. K. Stone, Dai Shi, Mark Pickard, James D. D. House, Ning Wang, Michael T. T. Nickerson
Summary: This study investigated the effect of infrared processing on protein and starch nutrition in green lentils and yellow peas. The results showed that infrared heating did not have a significant impact on the protein quality of the pulses, but it improved starch digestibility. This research has potential applications in improving starch digestibility in food and feed.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Susane Trevisan, Ali Salimi Khorshidi, Elaine Sopiwnyk, Yi Xie, Zhaoxian Zhou, James D. House, Martin G. Scanlon
Summary: This study investigated the impact of environment, genotype, and fertilization treatments on gluten strength in wheat. The findings showed that environment primarily affected dough extensibility, while genotype primarily affected resistance to extension.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Matthew G. Nosworthy, Alan J. Hernandez-Alvarez, Adam J. Franczyk, Gerardo Medina, Jason Neufeld, Yves Arcand, Sabine Ribereau, Oscar Abel Sanchez-Velazquez, James D. House
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different cultivars and processing methods on the protein quality of soy, wheat, and oats, and quantified differences in antinutritional factors. The results showed that cooked soy cultivars had the highest Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) while wheat samples had the lowest PER, with cooking having the greatest impact on soy. The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of soy was higher than oats, which was higher than wheat. Significance and Novelty: This study provides valuable data for product development and dietary formulation by directly comparing the protein quality of wheat, oats, and soy, which is rarely reported.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Susane Trevisan, Ali Salimi Khorshidi, Elaine Sopiwnyk, Yi Xie, Zhaoxian Zhou, James D. House, Martin G. Scanlon
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between wheat free asparagine concentration, gluten strength, and whole wheat bread quality. The findings show a negative correlation between gluten strength and wheat free asparagine concentration, and reducing free asparagine in wheat does not affect bread quality.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Y. R. Tang, A. K. Stone, Y. Wang, L. Zhou, J. Kimmel, J. D. House, M. T. Nickerson
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of pH shifting on the functionality of pea, rice, oat, and hemp proteins and their blends. Different treatments, including pH 2 or 10 processing with or without heat, were applied to the proteins followed by neutralization and spray drying. Changes in functional properties were observed depending on the protein source and pH treatment. pH shifting treatments improved solubility of all untreated samples, but had no effect on foaming stability. Oat and hemp proteins showed improved oil-holding capacity after acidic or alkaline treatment.
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claire M. Chigwedere, Andrea Stone, Dellaney Konieczny, Donna Lindsay, Shaoming Huang, Raymond Glahn, James D. House, Thomas D. Warkentin, Michael Nickerson
Summary: The study investigated the effect of seed phytate content on the composition, protein quality, iron bioavailability, and functionality of pea flours and extracted protein isolates. Low-phytate varieties had lower phytate content and similar functional properties compared to regular-phytate varieties. Phytate had a selective effect on mineral ions, with an increase in Fe2+ and decrease in Ca2+ content. Iron bioavailability was higher in flours compared to isolates, and low-phytate flours had overall higher bioavailability than regular-phytate flours. More evidence is needed for iron bioavailability in protein isolates.
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shengnan Li, Mingyan Jing, Neijat Mohamed, Cameron Rey-Dubois, Shusheng Zhao, Harold M. Aukema, James D. House
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types and concentrations od alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diet on the immune responses of laying hens when subjected to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The results showed that dietary intake of ALA and DHA had unique impacts on fatty acid deposition, their derived oxylipins, and inflammatory responses under the administration of LPS in laying hens.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Junsheng Zhou, Zhongyang Wan, Krishna Kishore Gali, Ambuj Bhushan Jha, Michael T. Nickerson, James D. House, Bunyamin Tar'an, Thomas D. Warkentin
Summary: This study evaluated the protein quality traits of a pea population and identified several QTLs associated with protein concentration and digestibility. The results showed co-localization of certain QTLs with known QTLs for seed protein concentration. These findings are important for improving the nutritional quality of peas and enhancing their competitiveness in the plant-based protein market.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Y. R. Tang, A. K. Stone, Y. Wang, Z. Jafarian, L. Zhou, J. Kimmel, J. D. House, T. Tanaka, M. T. Nickerson
Summary: This study investigated the effects of enzyme treatments on the functional properties of various commercial protein blends, including pea protein, pea:rice protein blend, pea:oat protein blend, and pea:hemp protein blend. The treatments involved hydrolysis, crosslinking, and their combination. The results showed that different enzyme treatments had different impacts on protein content, surface hydrophobicity, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, foaming stability, and protein solubility. Specific enzyme treatments can be used to tailor the functionality of commercial plant protein blends.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiang Li, Adam Franczyk, Kevser Kahraman, James D. House, Filiz Koksel
Summary: The study investigates the use of high fiber and protein ingredients in snack food applications. The blend of barley and green lentil flours at a ratio of 45:55 showed the highest protein digestibility and met the requirements for being labeled as a good source of dietary fiber in the US.
JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung, Yue Shang, Charith U. B. Wijerathne, Susara Madduma Hewage, Yaw L. Siow, O. Karmin
Summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) often leads to liver injury with increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and lipid accumulation. The mechanisms by which ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI causes hepatic lipid accumulation were investigated in this study. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion resulted in kidney and liver injury, as indicated by increased plasma creatinine and transaminases. Histological and biochemical analysis revealed hepatic lipid accumulation with increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels. AMPK phosphorylation, an energy sensor for lipid metabolism, was reduced, accompanied by decreased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes and increased expression of lipogenesis genes. Oxidative stress and inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation in HepG2 cells led to cellular lipid accumulation. These findings suggest that AKI induces hepatic lipid accumulation through decreased fatty acid metabolism and increased lipogenesis, with oxidative stress playing a role in downregulating the AMPK signaling pathway.
Article
Food Science & Technology
R. -M. Guillermic, A. J. Franczyk, S. O. Kerherve, J. D. House, J. H. Page, F. Koksel
Summary: Plant-based meat analogues offer alternative options to meat consumption. This study investigates the use of low-intensity ultrasonic transmission technique to understand the texture and nutritional properties of high-moisture meat analogues made from a blend of soy and wheat proteins. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using ultrasonic transmission techniques to measure velocity, sample thickness, and provide real-time information during production that correlates with texture and nutritional attributes of meat analogues.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Taryn Bailey, Adam J. Franczyk, Erin M. Goldberg, James D. House
Summary: The study evaluated the protein quality of cooked Russet potatoes, finding that cooking methods significantly improved the protein digestibility and quality compared to raw potatoes. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) values range from 0.27 (raw) to 0.57 (boiled), comparable to other plant-based protein sources like grains, nuts, and pulses. In vitro PDCAAS values followed similar trends, providing valuable data for defining the quality of total protein consumed in the North American diet.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
James D. House, Andre Brodkorb, Mark Messina, Michelle Braun, Elaine S. Krul
Summary: In Canada and the United States, data supporting the quality of protein is required for front-of-package protein content claims. However, the current method of measuring protein quality through animal testing is inconsistent with global efforts to reduce animal usage for regulatory purposes. This article presents four alternative options to replace animal testing for determining protein quality and encourages regulatory agencies to consider these approaches for substantiating protein content claims, especially for plant-based foods.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anuruddika Hewage, Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde, Chamila Nimalaratne, James D. House, Rotimi E. Aluko, Nandika Bandara
Summary: This study aimed to extract fava bean proteins using an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) and compared it to protein extracted using a conventional alkaline solution. The results showed that DES extraction had higher protein content, recovery rate, and alpha-helix content compared to alkaline extraction.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2024)