Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rodrigo Valenzuela, Adam H. Metherel, Giulia Cisbani, Mackenzie E. Smith, Raphael Chouinard-Watkins, Brinley J. Klievik, Luis A. Videla, Richard P. Bazinet
Summary: This study assessed the activities and protein concentration levels of enzymes involved in the n-3 and n-6 PUFA synthesis pathways in various organs. It found that the liver had the highest capacity for PUFA biosynthesis, while the heart and lung showed no activity.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Melissa Gonzalez-Soto, David M. Mutch
Summary: This review highlights that mRNA expression and activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes are influenced by various dietary components, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and polyphenols. Understanding how these components influence LC-PUFA synthesis will help further our understanding of how dietary patterns impact disease risks, from caloric excesses to micronutrient deficiencies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Ka-Kei Sam, P. Merosha, M. Janaranjani, Izyan Athirah, Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
Summary: The Malaysian mahseer has the complete machinery for the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA from C18 PUFA, allowing it to utilize dietary vegetable oils for growth and deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA.
Article
Fisheries
Giovanni M. Turchini, Jessica A. Conlan, James A. Emery, Fernando Norambuena, Taiwo O. Akanbi, David S. Francis
Summary: Previous research on lipid nutrition in farmed fish has focused mainly on n-3 LC-PUFA, with limited understanding of the relationship between different dietary fatty acids. This study found a direct link between the physical properties of dietary fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon, suggesting new possibilities for lipid nutrition in aquaculture species.
Article
Developmental Biology
Ariadna Gomez-Vilarrubla, Berta Mas-Pares, Marta Diaz, Silvia Xargay-Torrent, Gemma Carreras-Badosa, Mariona Jove, Meritxell Martin-Gari, Alexandra Bonmati-Santane, Francis de Zegher, Lourdes Ibanez, Abel Lopez-Bermejo, Judit Bassols
Summary: In this study, differences in placental fatty acid composition and estimated desaturase and elongase activities were observed between appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Placentas from SGA infants had lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids and higher omega-6/omega-3 ratios, as well as lower elongase and higher desaturase activity compared to AGA infants. Further studies on the omega-3 fatty acid status in SGA infants may be warranted for prenatal interventions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoki Kabeya, Kazunori Kimura, Yoshiyuki Matsushita, Satoshi Suzuki, Yasuhiro Nagakura, Ryuhei Kinami, Hiroyuki Noda, Koji Takagi, Kazutoshi Okamoto, Misako Miwa, Yutaka Haga, Shuichi Satoh, Goro Yoshizaki
Summary: This study investigated the requirements of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in the commercially important alfonsino fish, Beryx splendens. The results showed that B. splendens obtains substantial amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from its natural diet. The study also confirmed the enzymatic capabilities of fatty acid desaturase (Fads2) and elongases (Elovl5, Elovl4a, and Elovl4b) in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in B. splendens.
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiao-Yan Zhuang, Yong-Hui Zhang, An-Feng Xiao, Ai-Hui Zhang, Bai-Shan Fang
Summary: Dietary bioactive lipids are essential for growth and overall health. Microorganisms have been widely used for their production, but challenges still exist. Fortunately, the development of enzymatic research methods provides powerful tools to better understand the synthesis process of dietary bioactive lipids.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marie C. Conway, Emeir M. McSorley, Maria S. Mulhern, Toni Spence, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Gene E. Watson, Karin Wahlberg, Daniela Pineda, Karin Broberg, Barry W. Hyland, Diego F. Cobice, J. J. Strain, Alison J. Yeates
Summary: The study found that consuming two portions of fish per week significantly increased concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total n-3 PUFA in women of childbearing age, with a lower n-6:n-3 ratio compared to those consuming no fish or one portion per week. However, fish consumption did not have a significant effect on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in the current study.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wenying Zhang, Changhui Zhang, Jun Luo, Huifen Xu, Jianxin Liu, Juan J. Loor, Hengbo Shi
Summary: This study provides evidence of a physiological link between LXRB and SREBP1 in ruminant mammary cells, demonstrating their important role in the synthesis of PUFA by regulating genes encoding elongases and desaturases. Targeting this network may have broad effects on lipid homeostasis in the ruminant mammary gland.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sweta Das, Chiranjiv Pradhan, Anil Kumar Singh, V. P. Vineetha, Devika Pillai
Summary: This study demonstrates that coriander seed oil can improve growth performance, intestinal nutrient absorption, antioxidant activity, and reduce hyperglycemia in Nile tilapia. However, higher inclusion levels of coriander seed oil lead to a decrease in wholebody omega-3 fatty acid production.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Terue Kawabata, Hideoki Fukuoka, Michiru Harada, Kumiko Shoji, Yoshinori Kubo, Chisato Mori, Kenichi Sakurai, Takeshi Ohkubo, Kyoichi Oshida, Yuichiro Yamashiro
Summary: The increase in fetal requirements of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy alters maternal fatty acid metabolism, and FADS gene polymorphisms may change blood fatty acid composition differently. The study investigated the relationship between a FADS1 SNP and maternal serum LCPUFA levels in Japanese pregnant women. The results showed that LCPUFAs significantly decreased as pregnancy progressed and certain fatty acids were significantly associated with the number of minor FADS1 SNP alleles, indicating genotype effects become more obvious later in pregnancy.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sawan Ali, Anna Aiello, Tiziana Zotti, Giulia Accardi, Gaetano Cardinale, Pasquale Vito, Anna Calabro, Mattia Emanuela Ligotti, Mariano Intrieri, Graziamaria Corbi, Calogero Caruso, Giuseppina Candore, Giovanni Scapagnini, Sergio Davinelli
Summary: Blood fatty acid (FA) profile of long-lived individuals (LLIs) from Sicily was compared to adults and older adults from the same area. The study found that LLIs had higher levels of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and lower levels of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and trans-FA compared to other groups. Furthermore, genetic variants in FADS1/2 and ELOVL2 were associated with specific FA levels.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jorge Garcia-Marquez, Jesus Vizcaino Antonio, Andre Barany, Alba Galafat, Gabriel Acien, Felix L. Figueroa, Javier Alarcon Francisco, Miguel Mancera Juan, Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha, Salvador Arijo, Roberto Teofilo Abdala-Diaz
Summary: The study found that the combined administration of Chlorella fusca and ethanol-inactivated Vibrio proteolyticus significantly improved the growth performance and feed utilization of the thick-lipped grey mullet, while enhancing the lipid quality and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This has potential benefits for human nutrition.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anatoly Zhukov, Valery Popov
Summary: Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) play important roles in plant physiological functions. Disruptions in genes related to VLCFA synthesis can lead to various phenotypic consequences. The synthesis of VLCFA in the endoplasmic reticulum involves multiple elongase complexes with different substrate specificities. Information on enzymes involved in the synthesis of VLCFA with more than 26 carbon atoms is limited. Recently, researchers have discovered and studied genes encoding enzymes for both regular-length fatty acid and VLCFA synthesis. In plants, polyunsaturated VLCFA are primarily formed by elongation of 20:1 fatty acids, followed by import into chloroplasts and further desaturation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Johanna von Gerichten, Annette L. West, Nicola A. Irvine, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder, Karen A. Lillycrop, Barbara A. Fielding, Graham C. Burdge
Summary: Longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are essential for leukocyte function and can be obtained from the diet or converted from essential fatty acids (EFAs). Our study found that different EFA substrate ratios can affect LCPUFA biosynthesis in human T lymphocytes, with implications for T-cell EFA metabolism and dietary fat effects on T lymphocyte function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)