Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mechthild Doll, Miriam Roemer, Thomas Pape, Martin Koelling, Norbert Kaul, Christian dos Santos Ferreira, Gerhard Bohrmann
Summary: This study presents new evidence for recent recurring eruptive activity of the Sartori mud volcano in the Calabrian Arc. The presence of two active eruption centers and elevated sediment temperatures suggest that heat is currently being transferred to the surface sediments. Pore water analysis indicates the presence of methane-rich fluids, and modeling suggests that seawater has penetrated the surface sediments in recent years. However, sediment core analysis shows no recent ejection of solid materials.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Francis Odonne, Patrice Imbert, Dominique Remy, Germinal Gabalda, Adil A. Aliyev, Orhan R. Abbasov, Elnur E. Baloglanov, Victoria Bichaud, Remy Juste, Matthieu Dupuis, Sylvain Bonvalot
Summary: The study reveals that the morphology contrast between flat and conical mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan is influenced by both surface and subsurface structures, with different growth mechanisms and depth of mud chambers for each type of volcano. Flat mud volcanoes primarily grow through radial expansion and compression of the flanks, while conical mud volcanoes grow by flow stacking in the summit caldera, constrained by the caldera rim.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Adriano Mazzini, Grigorii Akhmanov, Michael Manga, Alessandra Sciarra, Ayten Huseynova, Arif Huseynov, Ibrahim Guliyev
Summary: Azerbaijan hosts the highest density of subaerial mud volcanoes on Earth, with Lokbatan possibly being one of the most active mud volcanoes, exhibiting impressive bursting events every similar to 5 years. Research suggests that Lokbatan has a unique self-sealing mechanism allowing for faster recharging and more frequent and powerful explosive episodes.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Adriano Mazzini, Alessandra Sciarra, Matteo Lupi, Philippa Ascough, Grigorii Akhmanov, Karyono Karyono, Alwi Husein
Summary: North-east Java is part of a sedimentary basin with hydrocarbon provinces that contain hy-drothermal systems, mud volcanoes, and degassing sites. The Watukosek fault system connects the volcanic arc with the Sidoarjo province. A multidisciplinary study was conducted at Kalang Anyar mud volcano, where active seepage sites emit bursts of oil, gas, mud, and water. The results suggest that Kalang Anyar is a unique mud volcano that progressed from subaqueous to subaerial conditions, posing potential geohazards to nearby settlements.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Joost van Haren, Paul E. Brewer, Laura Kurtzberg, Rachel N. Wehr, Vanessa L. Springer, Rodil Tello Espinoza, Jorge Solignac Ruiz, Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
Summary: Tree stems can be a significant source of CH4, with high variability observed in flux rates between species and individuals. Methods supporting large sampling campaigns are needed to accurately evaluate the sources of variation and controls of CH4 stem fluxes.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dong-Hun Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Yung Mi Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim, Young Keun Jin, Charles Paull, Jong-Sik Ryu, Kyung-Hoon Shin
Summary: The study revealed distinct differences in geochemical properties and microbial characteristics between two siboglinid tubeworm habitats (ST1 and ST2) in the Canadian Beaufort Sea, with ST1 showing higher methane flux and a higher proportion of DIC derived from anaerobic methane oxidation than ST2. Additionally, both ST1 and ST2 sites exhibited dominance of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME)-3 and abundant AOM-related byproducts, suggesting their importance as an energy source for tubeworms during chemosynthetic metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yueh-Ting Lin, Douglas Rumble, Edward D. Young, Jabrane Labidi, Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Jhen-Nien Chen, Thomas Pape, Gerhard Bohrmann, Saulwood Lin, Li-Hung Lin, Pei-Ling Wang
Summary: Identification of methane origins remains challenging due to insufficient diagnostic signals. This study analyzed samples from mud volcanoes, gas seeps, and springs in Taiwan to determine the isotopic compositions of methane, nitrogen, helium, dissolved inorganic carbon, CO2, and water. The results suggest that methane is formed by thermal maturation of organic matter at depths of 2-9 km and is channeled upward along faults. The study also identifies a spectrum of geochemical characteristics that point to diverse formation mechanisms and conditions.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laetitia M. Brechet, Warren Daniel, Clement Stahl, Benoit Burban, Jean-Yves Goret, Roberto L. Salomon, Ivan A. Janssens
Summary: The study introduced a flexible stem chamber system for continuous measurement of greenhouse gas fluxes in a rainforest. Results showed that lengthening the closure time of the stem chamber was necessary for accurate estimates of CH4 and N2O fluxes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mark Argento, Fiona Henderson, Rachel Lewis, Deirdre A. Mallyon, David Risk, Nicholas Nickerson
Summary: As aging oil and gas wells and increasing drilling activities contribute to fugitive soil gas migration and methane emissions, the detection and quantification of these emissions pose challenges due to soil variability and measurement uncertainty. In this study, shallow in-soil gas concentration method and soil surface flux measurements using flux chambers were compared. Results showed that flux measurements were more reliable for assessing the severity of fugitive soil gas migration and differentiating between leak and nonleak scenarios, while in-soil gas concentration was strongly influenced by soil texture and environmental conditions.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Rong Wang, Yu Rong Cao, Xiu Min Zhang, Fan Zhang, Xu Tian, Rong Zhen Zhong, Zhi Liang Tan, Min Wang
Summary: This study found that the rate of methane emissions in dairy cows is closely associated with the height of methane eructation peaks. Lactating cows had higher rates of methane emissions compared to non-lactating cows, along with higher peak frequency, height, and area integral. The rate of methane emissions was not constant and showed a rapid increase after feeding, with a positive correlation to the height of methane eructation peaks.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Martin Maier, Tobias K. D. Weber, Jan Fiedler, Roland Fuss, Stephan Glatzel, Vytas Huth, Sabine Jordan, Gerald Jurasinski, Lars Kutzbach, Klaus Schaefer, Daniel Weymann, Ulrike Hagemann
Summary: This manuscript discusses the widely used non-steady-state technique for measuring greenhouse gas fluxes in soil and highlights the importance of considering various details for obtaining reliable measurement results.
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew C. Hill, Rodrigo Vargas
Summary: This study compared ecosystem-scale eddy covariance with plot-scale chamber measurements in a temperate salt marsh and found good agreement in CH4 emissions and CO2 exchange. However, there were discrepancies during canopy senescence and dormancy phenophases. Upscaling models parameterized with chamber measurements overestimated NEE and GPP while underestimating Reco and CH4 emissions compared to eddy covariance measurements.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, Freya A. Squires, Sam J. Cliff, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Natchaya Pingintha-Durden, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, C. Sue B. Grimmond, Janet Barlow, Sean Beevers, Gregor Stewart, David Dajnak, Ruth M. Purvis, James D. Lee
Summary: Emissions of nitrogen oxides were measured in central London from March to June 2017 using eddy covariance. Simulated emissions from the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory for 2017 were compared to the measured emissions, showing an underestimation during the day but agreement overnight. Areas with high traffic, such as major roads near rail stations, exhibited the greatest underestimation. The discrepancies were attributed to the inventory's failure to capture traffic conditions and adequately describe the urban center's heterogeneity. Longer measurement time series and improved temporal scaling factors could enhance understanding of this underestimation.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viji Nagarajan, Hsin-Chi Tsai, Jung-Sheng Chen, Suprokash Koner, Rajendran Senthil Kumar, Hung -Chun Chao, Bing -Mu Hsu
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the distribution of minerals, microbial diversity, abundance, and metabolic potential in major mud volcanic groups in Taiwan, expanding our knowledge of prokaryotes in these terrestrial environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edel O' Connor, Noirin McHugh, Tommy M. Boland, Eoin Dunne, Fiona M. McGovern
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the optimal measurement time for measuring animal gaseous output in the PAC as 50 minutes, to use live-weight in calculating gaseous output from an animal, and found that measuring an animal's gaseous emissions in either the AM or PM does not impact the ranking of animals.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)