Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Kapil B. Shirsath, Utkarsha N. Desai, Nagesh N. Bhat, B. K. Sapra
Summary: A rapid and reliable method for biodosimetry is crucial for populations exposed to ionizing radiation. This study utilizes phospho-53BP1 and gamma H2AX immunofluorescence technique to detect and quantify DSB-repair proteins, providing dose-response curves for biologically estimating radiation exposure.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Elena Zaharieva, Megumi Sasatani, Ryoga Matsumoto, Kenji Kamiya
Summary: The study found that prolonged low-dose-rate radiation exposure leads to slightly increased levels of DNA repair foci, with a clear dose-response relationship. Compared to acute irradiation, low-dose-rate exposure is less efficient, and repair capacity plays an important role in the cellular response to chronic radiation.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emil Mladenov, Katja Paul-Konietzko, Veronika Mladenova, Martin Stuschke, George Iliakis
Summary: Sophisticated mechanisms have evolved in higher eukaryotes to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through different repair pathways. These repair pathways not only contribute to DSB repair, but also influence the integration of foreign DNA or rearrangement of genetic information in cells. However, the efficiency of gene targeting is generally low in somatic cells due to random integration of DNA fragments. In contrast, embryonic stem cells and certain lymphoblastic cell lines show increased gene-targeting efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mateo Glumac, Mirjana Polovic, Anja Batel, Andrea Gelemanovic, Boris Macek, Ana Velic, Ivana Marinovic-Terzic
Summary: DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are toxic lesions that interfere with DNA processing and transcription. The development of an accurate biochemical assay for DPC isolation is crucial for understanding their repair process. The STAR assay is proposed for direct quantification of DPCs under physiologically relevant conditions. Implementation of the STAR assay revealed the presence of small cross-linked peptides on DNA, created by proteolytic degradation of DPCs by SPRTN. This degradation is required for downstream activation of DNA repair and subsequent removal of the cross-linked peptides.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nan Li, Xiaomeng Yan, Xiaoling Cui, Congyao Zhao, Zhaomin Lin, Junying Miao
Summary: ANXA7 is identified as a new regulator of SAHF, which regulates the formation of SAHF through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. ABO, as an inhibitor of ANXA7, inhibits the phosphorylation of HP1?, thus preventing the senescence of human dermal fibroblasts.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shankari Nair, Samantha Cairncross, Xanthene Miles, Monique Engelbrecht, Peter du Plessis, Julie Bolcaen, Randall Fisher, Roya Ndimba, Charnay Cunningham, Wilner Martinez-Lopez, Christian Schunck, Charlot Vandevoorde
Summary: The protocol discusses a method for detecting DNA double strand breaks using fluorescently labeled gamma-H2AX protein and an automated microscopy platform for analysis, showing a fast and sensitive approach for biological dosimetry applications.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Takahiro Oike, Sangeeta Kakoti, Makoto Sakai, Akihiko Matsumura, Tatsuya Ohno, Atsushi Shibata
Summary: The strong cell killing effect of high LET carbon ions is dependent on lethal DNA damage, specifically the induction of clustered double-strand breaks (DSBs) in close proximity. The relationship between LET, DSB clustering, and the cell killing effect of carbon ions is still unclear.
JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jennifer E. Kay, Joshua J. Corrigan, Amanda L. Armijo, Ilana S. Nazari, Ishwar N. Kohale, Dorothea K. Torous, Svetlana L. Avlasevich, Robert G. Croy, Dushan N. Wadduwage, Sebastian E. Carrasco, Stephen D. Dertinger, Forest M. White, John M. Essigmann, Leona D. Samson, Bevin P. Engelward
Summary: Research has shown that altering the levels of the DNA repair protein AAG can impact disease outcomes, switching from cancer to lethality. Specifically, unrepaired 3-methyladenine is somewhat toxic but highly mutagenic, promoting cancer, while excess DNA strand breaks are poorly mutagenic but highly toxic, suppressing cancer and promoting lethality. This highlights the importance of a single DNA repair protein in determining the disease consequences of DNA damage.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
N. S. Babayan, D. Guryev, N. Yu Vorobyeva, B. A. Grigoryan, G. L. Tadevosyan, L. S. Apresyan, A. K. Chigasova, E. Yashkina, S. M. Rodneva, A. A. Tsishnatti, Yu A. Fedotov, N. K. Sarkisyan, A. T. Manukyan, R. M. Aroutiounian, A. N. Osipov
Summary: The study found that cells irradiated with subpicosecond beams of accelerated electrons exhibited higher levels of residual DNA repair protein foci and damage causing reproductive cell death compared to cells irradiated with quasi-continuous beams.
BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
N. Yu Vorobyeva, N. S. Babayan, B. A. Grigoryan, A. A. Sargsyan, L. G. Khondkaryan, L. S. Apresyan, A. K. Chigasova, E. Yashkina, D. Guryev, S. M. Rodneva, A. A. Tsishnatti, Yu A. Fedotov, R. M. Arutyunyan, A. N. Osipov
Summary: In this study, we evaluated the DNA double strand breaks in lung carcinoma cells using phosphorylated histone foci as markers after exposure to subpicosecond and quasi-continuous beams of accelerated electrons. The results showed that pulse irradiation had a higher efficiency compared to quasi-continuous exposure, and the differences between wild-type and p53-deficient cell lines were only observed after exposure to subpicosecond beams.
BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
N. Yu. Vorobyeva, A. A. Osipov, A. K. Chigasova, E. I. Yashkina, A. N. Osipov
Summary: We investigated the changes in residual gamma H2AX foci in cultured human fibroblasts with varying expression levels of the cell proliferation marker protein Ki-67 after exposure to X-ray radiation. The number of residual gamma H2AX foci in irradiated cells showed a linear dependence on the absorbed dose of X-ray radiation, regardless of Ki-67 expression. However, the quantitative yield of residual gamma H2AX foci per unit of absorbed dose in Ki-67(+) cells 24 and 48 hours after irradiation was higher than in Ki-67(-) cells by 1.8 and 2 times, respectively. In Ki-67(-) cells, the quantitative yield of residual gamma H2AX foci per unit of absorbed dose decreased by approximately 1.7 times with increasing time after irradiation from 24 to 72 hours. For practical radiation biodosimetry, it is recommended to quantify residual gamma H2AX foci in non-proliferating cells at least 72 hours after irradiation.
BULLETIN OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sebastien Penninckx, Eloise Pariset, Egle Cekanaviciute, Sylvain Costes
Summary: RIFs are nuclear puncta visualized by immunostaining proteins involved in DNA DSB repair after ionizing radiation exposure, serving as a standard metric for measuring DSB formation and repair. However, interpreting RIF values requires consideration of various confounding factors, especially in the context of complex experimental and therapeutic setups.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. D. Shcherbinina, B. V. Bakulevskiy, T. S. Glinin, E. V. Daev
Summary: Different stressors can cause genome instability and disintegration in target organs, leading to the formation of post-stress disorders. In this study, the effect of psycho-emotional stressors on DNA integrity in hippocampal and bone marrow cells of male mice was examined using cytogenetic and immunocytochemical methods. The results showed that both immobilization and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine induced genome damage in the cells of both organs.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Veronika A. Revkova, Inna Ilina, Svetlana A. Gurova, Rimma O. Shatalova, Mikhail A. Konoplyannikov, Vladimir A. Kalsin, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Dmitry S. Sitnikov
Summary: Data on the effects of high-intensity pulsed THz radiation on human skin fibroblasts were obtained for the first time. The appearance of phosphorylation foci was found to be unrelated to oxidative or thermal stress, and long-term irradiation did not reduce the cells' proliferative index.
ADVANCES IN TERAHERTZ BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonella Porrazzo, Giuseppe Esposito, Daniela Grifoni, Giovanni Cenci, Patrizia Morciano, Maria Antonella Tabocchini
Summary: Evidence from studies conducted in deep underground laboratories suggests that environmental radiation may trigger biological mechanisms to cope with genotoxic stress. Our study found that Drosophila neuroblasts are more sensitive to radiation-induced DNA breaks in the reduced radiation background of the LNGS underground laboratory, but this sensitivity can be rescued by increasing the underground gamma dose rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Correction
Biology
A. Porrazzo, F. Cipressa, A. De Gregorio, C. De Pitta, G. Sales, L. Ciapponi, P. Morciano, G. Esposito, M. A. Tabocchini, G. Cenci
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Gaddini, Antonietta Bernardo, Anita Greco, Alessandro Campa, Giuseppe Esposito, Andrea Matteucci
Summary: The retina can be exposed to incidental gamma-ray radiation from various sources. It has been found that immature retinal cells are more vulnerable to gamma radiation than differentiated neurons. This study shows that pre-irradiation at a low dose can reduce the effects of high-dose gamma radiation on retinal cells, including apoptotic cell number, H2AX phosphorylation, and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that low-dose irradiation may enhance the ability of retinal cells to counteract damage induced by higher doses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentina Dini, Giuseppe Esposito, Andrea Sacconi, Marco D'Andrea, Maria Antonella Tabocchini, Pasquale Anello, Lucia Ricci-Vitiani, Mariachiara Buccarelli, Roberto Pallini, Lidia Strigari
Summary: Literature data on the administration of conventional high-dose beams show conflicting results on biological effects at the cellular level. To contribute to this field, the authors irradiated different cell lines using a clinical accelerator with and without flattening filters and studied cell survival, DNA damage induction, and gene expression. The results showed no significant differences in cell survival based on dose rates and type of beams, but a trend of reduction in late survival was observed at the highest dose rate with the FFF beam. Gene expression analysis of the two cell lines indicated gene signatures resembling the prognosis of glioblastoma patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
M. Sciscio, G. Di Giorgio, P. L. Andreoli, M. Cipriani, G. Cristofari, R. De Angelis, M. Salvadori, G. A. P. Cirrone, L. Giuffrida, D. Margarone, G. Milluzzo, G. Petringa, F. Consoli
Summary: The aneutronic B-11(p, alpha)2 alpha fusion reaction driven by high-energy lasers is an alternative to deuterium-tritium reaction. However, detecting the low-rate fusion products is challenging. A Thomson spectrometer (TS) was tested in a laser-driven proton-boron fusion experiment, which proved effective in detecting the ions despite strong electromagnetic pulses and background radiation.
LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Dousatsu Sakata, Ryoichi Hirayama, Wook-Geun Shin, Mauro Belli, Maria A. Tabocchini, Robert D. Stewart, Oleg Belov, Mario A. Bernal, Marie-Claude Bordage, Jeremy M. C. Brown, Milos Dordevic, Dimitris Emfietzoglou, Ziad Francis, Susanna Guatelli, Taku Inaniwa, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Mathieu Karamitros, Ioanna Kyriakou, Nathanael Lampe, Zhuxin Li, Sylvain Meylan, Claire Michelet, Petteri Nieminen, Yann Perrot, Ivan Petrovic, Jose Ramos-Mendez, Aleksandra Ristic-Fira, Giovanni Santin, Jan Schuemann, Hoang N. Tran, Carmen Villagrasa, Sebastien Incerti
Summary: The purpose of this study was to predict DNA rejoining kinetics and cell surviving fraction in a Chinese hamster V79 cell line using the Geant4-DNA radiobiological application. By optimizing the model parameters, the study successfully predicted both DNA rejoining kinetics at low LET and cell surviving fraction.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Vasiliki Kantarelou, Andriy Velyhan, Przemyslaw Tchorz, Marcin Rosinski, Giada Petringa, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo Cirrone, Valeriia Istokskaia, Josef Krasa, Miroslav Krus, Antonino Picciotto, Daniele Margarone, Lorenzo Giuffrida
Summary: Solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39 type) are commonly used for detecting ions accelerated by laser-plasma interaction due to their high sensitivity. However, the acceleration of multispecies ions in laser-generated plasma complicates the spectroscopic method and makes it difficult to distinguish alpha particles from laser-driven ions. In this experimental work, CR-39 detectors were used to detect alpha particles and calibrate the response for low energetic laser-driven ions.
LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Mahsa Farasat, Federico Zagni, Lorenzo Pompignoli, G. A. Pablo Cirrone, Ulrich W. Scherer, Lidia Strigari, Domiziano Mostacci
Summary: This study evaluated the full peak efficiency of a 2 x 2-inch NaI(Tl) scintillation detector coupled with a stable MCA for an Ar-41 source in two different source-detector geometries. A new experimental technique was proposed to produce Ar-41 in a controlled geometry through neutron irradiation of natural argon. The simulation data were compared with experimental results and a scaling factor was determined for the final efficiency calibration of a duct geometry.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Matthew J. Large, Marco Bizzarri, Lucio Calcagnile, Mirco Caprai, Anna Paola Caricato, Roberto Catalano, Giuseppe A. P. Cirrone, Tommaso Croci, Giacomo Cuttone, Sylvain Dunand, Michele Fabi, Luca Frontini, Benedetta Gianfelici, Catia Grimani, Maria Ionica, Keida Kanxheri, Michael L. F. Lerch, Valentino Liberali, Maurizio Martino, Giuseppe Maruccio, Giovanni Mazza, Mauro Menichelli, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Francesco Moscatelli, Arianna Morozzi, Stefania Pallotta, Andrea Papi, Daniele Passeri, Maddalena Pedio, Giada Petringa, Francesca Peverini, Lorenzo Piccolo, Pisana Placidi, Gianluca Quarta, Silvia Rizzato, Alessandro Rossi, Giulia Rossi, Vincent de Rover, Federico Sabbatini, Leonello Servoli, Alberto Stabile, Cinzia Talamonti, Luca Tosti, Mattia Villani, Richard J. Wheadon, Nicolas Wyrsch, Nicola Zema, Marco Petasecca
Summary: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a promising alternative radiotherapy treatment method that effectively controls radioresistant tumors while sparing healthy tissue. In this study, radiation-hardened a-Si:H diodes were characterized for x-ray dosimetry and real-time beam monitoring in high-flux beamlines for MRT. The devices showed excellent radiation hardness and accurate dosimetric performance, making them suitable for high dose-rate environments like FLASH and MRT.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ludovica Binelli, Valentina Dini, Simone Amatori, Teresa Scotognella, Alessandro Giordano, Barbara De Berardis, Federica Bertela, Chiara Battocchio, Giovanna Iucci, Ilaria Fratoddi, Antonella Cartoni, Iole Venditti
Summary: Low-energy electrons (Auger electrons) can be generated by the interaction of photons with gold atoms in gold nanorods (AuNRs). These electrons have similar characteristics to those emitted during the decay of technetium-99m (Tc-99m), which is widely used for diagnostics in nuclear medicine. This study aims to verify the potential use of AuNRs as carriers of Tc-99m-based radiopharmaceuticals and to evaluate the efficacy of Auger electrons emitted by photon-irradiated AuNRs in inducing radio-induced damage in T98G cells. Chemical characterization of AuNRs and the loading of pharmaceuticals on their surface were investigated, and preliminary radiobiological data on cell killing with AuNRs were presented.
Article
Biology
Francesco Paolo Cammarata, Filippo Torrisi, Nunzio Vicario, Valentina Bravata, Alessandro Stefano, Lucia Salvatorelli, Simona D'Aprile, Pierangela Giustetto, Giusi Irma Forte, Luigi Minafra, Marco Calvaruso, Selene Richiusa, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo Cirrone, Giada Petringa, Giuseppe Broggi, Sebastiano Cosentino, Fabrizio Scopelliti, Gaetano Magro, Danilo Porro, Massimo Libra, Massimo Ippolito, Giorgio Russo, Rosalba Parenti, Giacomo Cuttone
Summary: Despite aggressive therapeutic regimens, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a deadly brain tumor with significant resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Proton boron capture therapy (PBCT) shows promise in increasing therapeutic effectiveness and improving the quality of life of GBM patients, by utilizing radiosensitizing agents to enhance the effects of proton beam. A preclinical evaluation of PBCT in a GBM model demonstrated increased cell death and mitophagy, validating PBCT as a scalable strategy to treat GBM.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sara Cerra, Valentina Dini, Tommaso A. Salamone, Farid Hajareh Haghighi, Martina Mercurio, Antonella Cartoni, Alessandra Del Giudice, Martina Marsotto, Iole Venditti, Chiara Battocchio, Francesca A. Scaramuzzo, Roberto Matassa, Stefania Nottola, Riccardo Faccini, Riccardo Mirabelli, Ilaria Fratoddi
Summary: This study investigated the role of synthetic parameters in determining the size, polydispersity, and surface properties of hydrophilic PNPs as nanocarriers for imaging agents. The formation, stability, swelling behavior, and structural features of the nanoparticles were evaluated using spectroscopic, non-spectroscopic, and chromatographic techniques. The cytotoxicity and uptake mechanism of the nanoparticles in human glioblastoma T98G cell line were also examined.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alexei Sytov, Laura Bandiera, Kihyeon Cho, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo Cirrone, Susanna Guatelli, Viktar Haurylavets, Soonwook Hwang, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Luciano Pandola, Anatoly Rosenfeld, Victor Tikhomirov
Summary: The interaction of charged particles with oriented crystals through electromagnetic processes has a wide range of innovative applications. These include beam steering, extraction/collimation, dipole moment measurement, radiation source, and plasma acceleration. A new simulation model for these applications has been developed and implemented in Geant4, a toolkit for particle passage simulation. The model is validated with experimental data and its advantages and prospects are discussed.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Valeriia Istokskaia, Benoit Lefebvre, Giada Petringa, Pablo Cirrone, Mariacristina Guarrera, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Roberto Versaci, Veronika Olsovcova, Daniele Margarone
Summary: Real-time measurement and characterization of laser-driven proton beams are crucial in high-repetition-rate laser acceleration. Traditional passive diagnostics like radiochromic film (RCF) are not suitable for real-time operation, so a novel approach is needed. Scintillator-based detectors have recently gained interest as real-time substitutes for RCF due to their fast response to a wide range of dose deposition rates.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)