Article
Neurosciences
Miriam Kampa, Andrea Hermann, Rudolf Stark, Tim Klucken
Summary: Anxiety disorders can be effectively treated with exposure therapy based on the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Animal studies suggest that the timing of extinction and test are important factors in reducing the return of fear, but human research is inconsistent. In this neuroimaging study, immediate extinction resulted in greater retention of fear memory and a trend towards greater fear return, while early test groups generally showed higher fear return. The delayed extinction group showed greater activation in the nucleus accumbens during the test, suggesting that they may benefit more from it as a new learning opportunity.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Philipp Bierwirth, Martin I. I. Antov, Ursula Stockhorst
Summary: Fear extinction is affected by the interval between fear acquisition and extinction, with shorter intervals impairing extinction recall. However, research on this Immediate Extinction Deficit (IED) phenomenon is limited in humans. In this study, we investigated the IED and its neurophysiological correlates using EEG, SCRs, ECG, and subjective ratings. The findings suggest that SCR responses exhibit an IED, but other fear measures and neurophysiological markers are not affected by extinction timing.
Article
Neurosciences
Isabelle C. Ridderbusch, Adrian Wroblewski, Yunbo Yang, Jan Richter, Maike Hollandt, Alfons O. Hamm, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Andreas Strohle, Volker Arolt, Jurgen Margraf, Ulrike Lueken, Martin J. Herrmann, Tilo Kircher, Benjamin Straube
Summary: The study found that during extinction training, neural activation in the brain decreased gradually, along with a reduction in subjective US-expectancy, arousal, and negative valence towards CS + . Re-exposure to the US led to a temporary increase in neural activation in the brain, along with changes in US-expectancy and arousal ratings.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ahmed Asfari, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Jonathan W. Byrnes, Santiago Borasino, Parthak Prodhan, Hayden Zaccagni, Robert J. Dabal, Robert A. Sorabella, James M. Hammel, Melissa Smith-Parrish, Wenying Zhang, Mousumi Banerjee, Kurt R. Schumacher, Sarah Tabbutt
Summary: In this retrospective study of neonates undergoing the Norwood operation, delayed sternal closure (DSC) was found in 74% of cases. There was no statistical difference in mortality rate and hospital postoperative stay between closed sternum and early sternal closure, while patients with intermediate sternal closure required longer mechanical ventilation and fewer subsequent sternotomies.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
JoAnn Difede, Barbara O. Rothbaum, Albert A. Rizzo, Katarzyna Wyka, Lisa Spielman, Christopher Reist, Michael J. Roy, Tanja Jovanovic, Seth D. Norrholm, Judith Cukor, Megan Olden, Charles E. Glatt, Francis S. Lee
Summary: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health issue with limited treatment options. This study tested the efficacy of virtual reality exposure (VRE) or prolonged imaginal exposure (PE) augmented with D-cycloserine (DCS) for combat-related PTSD, and explored the potential moderating effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). The results showed similar clinical improvement for both VRE and PE, with VRE being more effective for depressed participants and PE being more effective for nondepressed participants. The study also found a potential moderating effect of genetic markers on treatment response.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Samantha R. Linton, Liat Levita
Summary: Adolescents' heightened anxiety and increased vulnerability to anxiety disorders may be partly due to blunted fear extinction processes and differences in perceptual responses to learned threat. The study found age-dependent dissociations between explicit and implicit measures of fear learning, with adolescents showing greater neural responses to learned threat. This heightened perceptual hyper-responsivity in adolescents may be an adaptive mechanism to protect them from harm, but also increase vulnerability to pathological anxiety levels.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Taesub Jung, Jihyun Noh
Summary: Sleep disruption due to stress can impact emotional memory processing, with sleep disturbances being common in PTSD. Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in adolescent rats has been shown to increase locomotor activity and anhedonic behavior, as well as enhance fear expression and delay fear extinction, potentially leading to a more severe PTSD-like phenotype.
ANIMAL CELLS AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nicole C. Ferrara, Sydney Trask, Shane E. Pullins, Fred J. Helmstetter
Summary: Inhibiting activity in the MgN-amygdala pathway during fear recall and extinction reduces expression of conditional fear, persisting for at least two weeks and facilitating extinction-like processes. This effect is specific to the context in which the inhibition occurs, linking MgN-amygdala inhibition to prolonged decrease in fear behavior.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Laura Meister, Ana Catarina Dietrich, Mina Stefanovic, Francesco Bavato, Alex Rosi-Andersen, Judith Rohde, Benjamin Offenhammer, Erich Seifritz, Ingo Schafer, Thomas Ehring, Juergen Barth, Birgit Kleim
Summary: Trauma-focused psychotherapy is the recommended treatment for PTSD, but not all patients benefit from it. Pharmacologically augmenting trauma memory modulation may help improve treatment outcomes.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Roland Esser, Christoph W. Korn, Florian Ganzer, Jan Haaker
Summary: Learning to be safe is crucial for adaptive behavior, while detecting the absence of expected threats is key for threat extinction learning. A possible mechanism for extinction learning involves a dopaminergic mismatch signal, which encodes the absence of expected threats.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Youjia Yu, Yan Li, Dan Han, Chuhao Gong, Liwei Wang, Beiping Li, Rui Yao, Yangzi Zhu
Summary: In this study, the effects of intraoperative and postoperative low-dose intravenous pumping dexmedetomidine on PTSD among patients with trauma undergoing emergency surgery were evaluated. A total of 310 trauma patients participated in the analysis. The results showed that the incidence of PTSD was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the control group, and the CAPS-5 score was also lower. Therefore, dexmedetomidine can effectively reduce the risk of PTSD in trauma patients.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Arash Javanbakht, Lana Ruvolo Grasser, Shantanu Madaboosi, Asadur Chowdury, Israel Liberzon, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
Summary: The study found that in instructed extinction learning, there was greater activation for the CS+I compared to CS+U, affecting functional connectivity in multiple brain regions. The addition of cognitive instruction was shown to enhance activation of emotion regulation and reappraisal networks during extinction learning.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shihao Huang, Yu Zhou, Feilong Wu, Cuijie Shi, He Yan, Liangpei Chen, Chang Yang, Yixiao Luo
Summary: This study found that berberine combined with extinction training can effectively promote the extinction of fear memories and prevent their reinstatement and spontaneous recovery. This finding provides a new potential avenue for the treatment of fear-related disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Patrick Vizeli, Isabelle Straumann, Urs Duthaler, Nimmy Varghese, Anne Eckert, Martin P. Paulus, Victoria Risbrough, Matthias E. Liechti
Summary: This study aims to explore the potential of MDMA as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its mechanism of action. The results show that MDMA treatment can enhance fear extinction learning and recall, but this effect may be limited to certain forms of learned fear responses. Additionally, MDMA does not influence fear reactions to conditioned cues.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Uriel Heresco-Levy, Bernard Lerer
Summary: Modern research data suggests that serotonergic psychedelics and NMDAR modulators have therapeutic effects in depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, but their psychotomimetic effects may limit their widespread utilization. These drugs enhance neuroplasticity by activating 5HT2AR and involving complex serotonergic-glutamatergic interactions. The concurrent administration of psychedelics and NMDAR modulators may increase the therapeutic impact of each component and allow for dose adjustments and improved safety.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Simon P. Byrne, Ronald M. Rapee, Rick Richardson, Gin S. Malhi, Michael Jones, Jennifer L. Hudson
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2015)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Julia M. Langton, Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, Rebecca Reeve, Bonny Parkinson, Yuanyuan Gu, Nicholas A. Buckley, Marion Haas, Rosalie Viney, Sallie-Anne Pearson
IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE
(2015)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sallie-Anne Pearson, Nicole Pesa, Julia M. Langton, Annabelle Drew, Margaret Faedo, Jane Robertson
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2015)
Article
Oncology
Julia M. Langton, Rebecca Reeve, Preeyaporn Srasuebkul, Marion Haas, Rosalie Viney, David Currow, Sallie-Anne Pearson
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2016)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Bridget L. Callaghan, Rick Richardson
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Developmental Biology
Caitlin S. M. Cowan, Rick Richardson
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Neurosciences
Stella Li, Bridget L. Callaghan, Rick Richardson
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Kathryn D. Baker, Miriam L. Den, Bronwyn M. Graham, Rick Richardson
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2014)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Julia M. Langton, Bianca Blanch, Anna K. Drew, Marion Haas, Jane M. Ingham, Sallie-Anne Pearson
PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
(2014)
Review
Neurosciences
Gabrielle King, Kathryn D. Baker, Madelyne A. Bisby, Diana Chan, Caitlin S. M. Cowan, Anthea A. Stylianakis, Kelsey S. Zimmermann, Rick Richardson
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Neurosciences
Bridget L. Callaghan, Stella Li, Rick Richardson
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2014)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Caitlin S. M. Cowan, Anthea A. Stylianakis, Rick Richardson
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Rick Richardson, Jeremy Bowers, Bridget L. Callaghan, Kathryn D. Baker
Summary: The early maturation of memory in infants experiencing maternal separation is not due to an accelerated maturation of PNNs or PV-containing cells in either the amygdala or prefrontal cortex, as suggested by experiments with male and female rats.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sylvia K. Harmon-Jones, Bronwyn M. Graham, Gabrielle King, Rick Richardson
Summary: Recent research shows that individual differences in infant fear memory can predict adulthood anxiety, and a rat's cagemates' fear memory can influence physiological measures in adulthood.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Bronvvyn M. Graham, Bridget L. Callaghan, Rick Richardson
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2014)
