Review
Behavioral Sciences
Lucas de Oliveira Alvares, Fabricio H. Do-Monte
Summary: Memory formation allows organisms to predict future events and adapt their behavior, but it needs to maintain plasticity to stay relevant in changing environments. Consolidated memories can become unstable after reactivation, and processes like extinction and forgetting can also influence memory fate.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Pedro Fonseca Zuccolo, Maria Helena Leite Hunziker
Summary: The return of fear can be prevented through post-retrieval extinction (PRE), but circumstances may exist where PRE is not effective. This study explored how rehearsing the experimental contingencies during the interval between the retrieval cue and extinction training could impact fear extinction outcomes in healthy human participants. The findings suggest that participant behavior during this interval may influence the effectiveness of PRE, though further research is needed to confirm these results.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Myrto Panopoulou, Oliver M. Schlueter
Summary: Frequent relapse hinders successful treatment of substance use disorders by triggering the retrieval of drug-associated memories. This study investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced memory retrieval using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure in mice. The results suggest that Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play a key role in regulating the threshold for drug-induced retrieval and behavioral expression of drug memories.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Laura Luyten, Anna Elisabeth Schnell, Natalie Schroyens, Tom Beckers
Summary: Contrary to expectations, systemic pharmacological manipulations in auditory fear-conditioned rats did not lead to drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia. Our findings suggest that the effect of post-retrieval amnesia may be more constrained and less easily reproduced than previously suggested by the literature.
Review
Neurosciences
Nicole C. Ferrara, Janine L. Kwapis, Sydney Trask
Summary: Following fear conditioning, behavior can be reduced through either multiple CS-alone presentations, known as extinction, or a few presentations with interference in subsequent memory reconsolidation. Although the procedures have similarities, the behavioral outcomes and neurobiological processes are distinct. This review explores the neural and behavioral mechanisms behind these different reductions, as well as factors determining the retrieval-dependent reconsolidation process or extinction process.
FRONTIERS IN SYNAPTIC NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Satoshi Kida
Summary: Memory retrieval is a dynamic process that involves reconsolidation, where retrieved memories return to a labile state and are re-stored. This discovery challenges the traditional view of memory consolidation and suggests that memory can be modified through reconsolidation. Extinction, on the other hand, weakens a conditioned fear memory through a new inhibitory learning process. In our research, we investigated the relationship between memory reconsolidation and extinction at behavioral, cellular, and molecular levels, finding that they have opposite effects on fear memory and interact with each other in a memory transition process.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Johanna M. Duran, Rodrigo O. Sierra, Karen Corredor, Fernando P. Cardenas
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of cathodal (c-tDCS) and anodal (a-DCS) transcranial direct current stimulation on memory reactivation and extinction in rats. The results showed that c-tDCS and a-tDCS can attenuate mild fear memories, with only c-tDCS preventing fear expression under strong fear learning and fear recovery after reinstatement.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. M. Gerlicher, S. A. Verweij, M. Kindt
Summary: Reconsolidation-based interventions show promise in treating fear and anxiety disorders, but their success is not guaranteed. This study investigates whether different types of prediction errors can make fear memories susceptible to disruption of reconsolidation. The results challenge the field's ability to observe evidence for memory reconsolidation and suggest further research directions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Olivier Dodier, Krystian Barzykowski, Celine Souchay
Summary: In this paper, the authors propose an explanation for recovered traumatic memories in the context of autobiographical memory framework. They argue that these memories can be accessed through incidental cues and are highly stressful, emotionally negative, and intense involuntary memories. The authors also provide recommendations for assessing the validity of testimony based on recovered memories.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Brooke N. Bender, Mary M. Torregrossa
Summary: The study found that habitual drug seeking leads to plasticity in the DLS and behavior that is resistant to cue extinction, but the effects of cue extinction are restored when glutamatergic signaling in the DLS is blocked.
Article
Psychiatry
Yasmine Azza, Frank H. Wilhelm, Erich Seifritz, Klaus Junghanns, Birgit Kleim, Ines Wilhelm
Summary: Sleep supports adaptive reconsolidation of aversive autobiographical memories, as demonstrated by the reduction of distress and dysfunctional cognitions after imagery rescripting. Central sleep spindle density during the nap is correlated with the decrease in heart rate in response to the negative memory script.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Yingying Wang, Zijian Zhu
Summary: Research has shown that retrieval suppression can lead to forgetting in newly formed memories as well as consolidated episodic memories. The forgetting induced by retrieval suppression is specific to the target memory itself and is not influenced by explicit memory reactivation or spontaneous memory intrusions.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Byron E. Crimmins, Nura W. Lingawi, Billy C. Chieng, Beatrice K. Leung, Stephen Maren, Vincent Laurent
Summary: The basolateral amygdala receives dense cholinergic projections from the nucleus basalis of Meyer and the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca, and these projections play important roles in the formation, extinction, and renewal of fear memories. Silencing the nucleus basalis of Meyer during fear conditioning weakens fear memory formation and prevents its renewal after extinction. On the other hand, silencing the diagonal band of Broca during fear conditioning has no effect. Blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors during fear conditioning mimics the effects of silencing the nucleus basalis of Meyer, while blocking them during extinction has no effect. Overall, the cholinergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala is critical for regulating fear memories.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Haruka Kitamura, Esben Strodl, Patrick Johnston, Luke R. Johnson
Summary: Individual differences in emotion regulation ability may affect fear memory extinction. This study found that individuals who used cognitive reappraisal more often had lower spontaneous recovery in fear memory after post-retrieval and standard extinction. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal led to faster dissipation of arousal, while expressive suppression led to slower dissipation during extinction training.
Article
Physiology
Heng-Ai Chang, Wen Dai, Sherry Shu-Jung Hu
Summary: The retrieval-extinction (R-E) procedure, a noninvasive behavioral intervention, has gained much attention for targeting the reconsolidation of maladaptive memories. However, recent findings suggest that the cause and consequence of R-E may be more complex than previously thought. Two potential mechanisms, extinction-facilitation and reconsolidation-update hypotheses, have been proposed. This study systematically examined the efficacy of extinction (E), R-E, and reversed extinction-retrieval (E-R) procedures and found that the dose of cocaine is a crucial factor determining the effectiveness of these interventions.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)