Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Wenjian Luo, Chenwang Wu, Li Ni, Nan Zhou, Zhenya Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a positive-negative detector (PNDetector) to detect adversarial examples, and tests it on various datasets and attack types. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed detector is highly effective in detecting adversarial examples and its detection performance is comparable to state-of-the-art methods.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Alyssa J. Parker, Nancy E. Adleman
Summary: Attentional biases for emotional information are altered in populations with mood-related disorders. However, studies of emotion-related attentional biases in general populations have inconsistent findings. This may be due to the use of average reaction time as a measure of attentional bias, which does not consider the skewness of the reaction time distribution or unrelated individual differences.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Dario Krpan, Jonathan E. Booth, Andreea Damien
Summary: This study aims to synthesize people's psychological reactions to robots and identify the factors that shape these reactions. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the researchers found that psychological responses towards representations of robots can be categorized into three dimensions: positive, negative, and competence. They also examined the individual difference predictors of these dimensions.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Lena M. Schliephake, Ima Trempler, Marlen A. Roehe, Nina Heins, Ricarda Schubotz
Summary: The omission of expected stimuli triggers negative prediction error signals, while the appearance of unexpected stimuli results in positive prediction error signals, which often co-occur. Neural responses are influenced by expected and unexpected stimuli, and these signals are associated with processing regions for different stimulus categories such as faces and places.
Review
Plant Sciences
Xiaoyu Mo, Liangliang He, Ye Liu, Dongfa Wang, Baolin Zhao, Jianghua Chen
Summary: Simple and compound leaves are two basic types of leaves distinguished by the distribution pattern of blades on the petiole. Compound leaves, compared to simple leaves, have multiple blade units and exhibit more complex and diverse patterns of organ organization. Recent studies on Medicago truncatula have improved our understanding of the genetic control and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of compound leaves. This review summarizes the current knowledge of compound leaf morphogenesis in M. truncatula, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation, and provides useful information for the molecular design of legume crops.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicole M. Long, Brice A. Kuhl
Summary: The study shows that intrinsic biases toward memory encoding versus retrieval determine the specific cortical locations of content representations, even independently of task demands. Biases in attentional networks reflected preferences toward encoding or retrieval, and memory states predicted shifts of object representations. Differential connectivity between visual and ventral parietal cortices with the hippocampus during memory encoding versus retrieval suggests the hippocampus mediates cortical shifts in content representations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alon Israeli, Ori Ben-Herzel, Yogev Burko, Ido Shwartz, Hadas Ben-Gera, Smadar Harpaz-Saad, Maya Bar, Idan Efroni, Naomi Ori
Summary: This study explores the interaction among different effectors involved in tomato compound-leaf development and how they coordinately regulate leaf patterning. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that multiple regulators, including SlMP, GOB, and LYR, modulate leaf formation and shaping, providing insights into organ development coordination mechanisms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xunyao Wu, Yi Liu, Shanzhao Jin, Min Wang, Yuhao Jiao, Bo Yang, Xin Lu, Xin Ji, Yunyun Fei, Huaxia Yang, Lidan Zhao, Hua Chen, Yaran Zhang, Hao Li, Peter E. Lipsky, George C. Tsokos, Fan Bai, Xuan Zhang
Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct immune cell abnormalities in ACPA+ and ACPA- rheumatoid arthritis patients, with upregulation of genes like CCL13 and CCL18 in synovial tissues of ACPA- patients. HLA-DR15 haplotype was associated with increased risk of disease development in ACPA+ RA, indicating potential for precision therapy based on ACPA status.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Stephanie C. Goodhew, Mark Edwards
Summary: The experiments investigated the impact of emotionally-salient stimuli on attentional breadth, finding that small emotionally-salient images contracted attentional breadth while large images did not expand it. Additionally, negative affect was found to affect attentional accuracy following emotionally-salient stimuli.
COGNITION & EMOTION
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Sungwoon Kim, Ser Peow Tan, Tengren Zhang
Summary: This study introduces the concept of (R, λ)-directed Anosov representation and provides a method to construct such representations using Fock-Goncharov positivity. Additionally, large families of primitive stable representations from F-2 to PGL(V) are constructed.
ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Jean-Philippe Burelle, Nicolaus Treib
Summary: This article introduces the concept of partial cyclic order on the set of oriented flags in R-n and constructs Schottky groups using this order. It also presents the polyhedral fundamental domains for these groups in the projective space or the sphere.
MATHEMATISCHE ANNALEN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guanxiao Zhao, Tao Fu
Summary: This article describes the viscoelastic constitutive theory of shape memory polymer (SMP) and the mechanism of bidirectional memory effect. A chiral poly cellular circular concave auxetic structure based on SMP made of epoxy resin is designed, and the change rule of Poisson's ratio under different structural parameters is verified. Two elastic scaffolds are designed to assist the bidirectional memory of SMP under external temperature stimulation, and bidirectional memory processes are simulated. The conclusion is that changing the ratio beta has a better effect on achieving bidirectional memory effect of the composite structure than changing the angle alpha.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sylvia D. Kreibig, Andrea C. Samson, James J. Gross
Summary: We investigated the differential engagement of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) systems when cognitively reappraising amusing stimuli with positive and negative emotion regulation (ER) goals. Our findings showed that reappraising amusing clips with a positive ER goal decreased negative emotional expression, while reappraising with a negative ER goal increased negative emotional experience and expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
R. Gayathri, S. Kar, M. Nagai, F-G Tseng, P. S. Mahapatra, T. S. Santra
Summary: Single-cell patterning technologies are rapidly evolving and provide a platform for various biological and biomedical applications. Regulating cell adhesion on a substrate is crucial in cell patterning and can be achieved through different physical and biochemical strategies for substrate modification and adhesion. Moreover, the advantages, limitations, and future challenges of single-cell printing are also discussed in detail.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Marta Ceko, Philip A. Kragel, Choong-Wan Woo, Marina Lopez-Sola, Tor D. Wager
Summary: This study combines functional magnetic resonance imaging and predictive modeling to investigate the representations of generalized and stimulus-type-specific negative affect in the brain. The results show that generalized negative affect is encoded in distributed brain regions, while stimulus-type-specific negative affect is encoded in early sensory pathways. Both types of representations are important for predicting subjective experience.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
C. K. Jonas Chan, Justin A. Harris
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2019)
Article
Psychology
Irina M. Harris, Justin A. Harris, Michael C. Corballis
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Manuel S. Seet, Evan J. Livesey, Justin A. Harris
Article
Psychology, Biological
Justin A. Harris, Dorothy W. S. Kwok, Daniel A. Gottlieb
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Nahian S. Chowdhury, Evan J. Livesey, Justin A. Harris
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nahian S. Chowdhury, Evan J. Livesey, Alex Blaszczynski, Justin A. Harris
Summary: The study found that gambling problems are associated with alterations in M1 GABA(A) and glutamate-mediated neurotransmission, with problem gamblers showing weaker M1 GABA(A) receptor activity and elevated M1 glutamate receptor activity. While there were no differences in response inhibition between groups, poorer response inhibition was correlated with weaker M1 GABA(A) receptor activity.
Article
Neurosciences
D. M. D. Tran, J. A. Harris, I. M. Harris, E. J. Livesey
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saba Gharaei, Suraj Honnuraiah, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Greg J. Stuart
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Justin A. Harris, Mark E. Bouton
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Nahian S. Chowdhury, Evan J. Livesey, Justin A. Harris
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dominic M. D. Tran, Nahian S. Chowdhury, Nicolas A. McNair, Justin A. Harris, Evan J. Livesey
Article
Neurosciences
Dominic M. D. Tran, Nicolas A. McNair, Justin A. Harris, Evan J. Livesey
Summary: Research shows that the brain's response to stimuli from one's own actions and predictable stimuli can both be attenuated, indicating that predictive coding may be governed by domain-general mechanisms. This has important methodological implications for designing TMS experiments that control for the predictability of TMS pulses.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Justin A. Harris
Summary: The nature of operations that support learning should be reflected in the shape of the learning curve. A new analytical approach reveals the rate of change in responding during conditioning in individual animals. The results show that responses are acquired and extinguished gradually, following a decelerating learning curve. The amount learned increases logarithmically with the number of trials.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
James W. Grau, Kelsey E. Hudson, Megan M. Tarbet, Misty M. Strain
Summary: In 1988, Robert Rescorla published an influential article on learning, which inspired a generation of neuroscientists and expanded the study of learning phenomena. The article discusses the conditions for learning, methodological issues, and examples of learning. It also highlights the role of the spinal cord in learning, including the sensitization of spinal cord circuits by pain stimuli, muscle memory induced by learning, and the promotion of adaptive plasticity. Additionally, the article explores the abstracting capability of spinal cord neurons and the impact of disruption in communication with the brain on neuronal function.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Tanya A. Gupta, Carter W. Daniels, Jorge I. Espinoza, Brian H. Smith, Federico Sanabria
Summary: The present study investigates the conditions under which mice learn to discriminate between individual odors and odor mixtures. The results show a mutual interference between learning responses to individual odors and learning different responses to odor mixtures, and this interference is stimulus-specific.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL LEARNING AND COGNITION
(2022)