Review
Chemistry, Physical
Lavinia Marcut, Veronica Manescu (Paltanea), Aurora Antoniac, Gheorghe Paltanea, Alina Robu, Aurel George Mohan, Elena Grosu, Iuliana Corneschi, Alin Danut Bodog
Summary: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common hospital infection that has a high mortality rate and prolonged hospitalization time. The endotracheal tube is a major cause of this pneumonia due to its surface being colonized by different pathogens. This paper discusses the definition, economic burdens, and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia, as well as the latest technological solutions for endotracheal tube surfaces. The analysis concludes by identifying research gaps and exploring future possibilities for reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia cases and improving patient comfort.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Diana Alves, Tania Grainha, Maria Olivia Pereira, Susana Patricia Lopes
Summary: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a persistent problem in hospitals, resulting in inadequate treatment, high mortality, and prolonged hospital stays. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is the main cause of VAP due to microbial colonization and biofilm formation by various pathogens. Research on antimicrobial ETT surface coating/modification approaches has been conducted to address this issue. This review provides an overview of the relevance of the ETT biofilms in VAP and the technological advancements in antimicrobial ETT materials. Rating: 8/10
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Marta Palau, Estela Munoz, Nieves Larrosa, Xavier Gomis, Ester Marquez, Oscar Len, Benito Almirante, Joan Gavalda
Summary: Biofilm-producing microorganisms are medically crucial and cause 80% of human infections. This study evaluated the efficacy of hyperthermia in preventing biofilm formation in vitro and in a rabbit model. The results showed that hyperthermia can effectively prevent biofilm formation under specific temperature and time conditions.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Anita Azmi, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Seyed Ali Asghar Fakhrmousavi, Mehrdad Faizi, Hamid Forootanfar, Nasrin Samadi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
Summary: This study developed a biofilm-resistant coated endotracheal tube (ETT) that effectively reduced bacterial adhesion on the surface of the ETT. The coating had no impact on the viability of lung epithelial cells and exhibited a strong signal in computed tomography while having low cytotoxicity.
BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Vu Quoc Dat, Lam Minh Yen, Huynh Thi Loan, Vu Dinh Phu, Nguyen Thien Binh, Ronald B. Geskus, Dong Huu Khanh Trinh, Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Tran Phuong Thuy, Nguyen Vu Trung, Nguyen Trung Cap, Dao Tuyet Trinh, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thu Van, Vy Thi Thu Luan, Tran Thi Quynh Nhu, Hoang Bao Long, Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha, Ninh Thi Thanh Van, James Campbell, Ehsan Ahmadnia, Evelyne Kestelyn, Duncan Wyncoll, Guy E. Thwaites, Nguyen Van Hao, Le Thanh Chien, Nguyen Van Kinh, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, H. Rogier van Doorn, C. Louise Thwaites, Behzad Nadjm
Summary: The study found that continuous cuff pressure control (CPC) using an automated electronic device did not reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) in intubated patients compared to intermittent CPC.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Pierre Damas, Caroline Legrain, Bernard Lambermont, Nadia Dardenne, Julien Guntz, Grace Kisoka, Pierre Demaret, Anne-Francoise Rousseau, Laurent Jadot, Sonia Piret, Didier Noirot, Axelle Bertrand, Anne-Francoise Donneau, Benoit Misset
Summary: This study suggests that noble metal coating of endotracheal tubes can delay the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and reduce the use of antibiotics. However, its impact on tracheal colonization is not significant.
ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yue Wang, Bingyue Cai, Dalong Ni, Yu Sun, Gang Wang, Hong Jiang
Summary: This study developed a new coating method for endotracheal tubes, which can achieve both antibacterial and antifouling effects. The experiments demonstrated the inhibitory effect of the coating on various bacteria and its ability to prevent biofilm formation. The results also showed good stain resistance and biocompatibility of the coating.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Diana Alves, Helder Lopes, Idalina Machado, Maria Olivia Pereira
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of colistin against biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found that pre-conditioning adhesion surfaces with colistin altered physico-chemical properties and prevented biofilm formation. The combined treatment with ciprofloxacin or colistin further enhanced the therapeutic effect on adhered cells.
Article
Pediatrics
Jian Zhou, Jingqian Zhou, Yan Hong, Youcheng Wang, Hailong Lin, Leting Huang
Summary: The study evaluated the diagnostic value of ETT-aspirate sTREM-1 and serum C-reactive protein concentrations in neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP) among preterm and full-term neonates on mechanical ventilators. The results showed that these indicators may be useful for diagnosing NVAP, especially when combined. Changes in these indicators over ventilation days were also observed, providing valuable insights into neonatal recovery processes.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Olympia E. Anastasiou, Fotis Theodoropoulos, Christian Taube, Melanie Fiedler, Ulf Dittmer
Summary: Data analysis on cases tested with bilateral BAL samples and EA showed that there was no significant improvement in diagnostic efficiency for detecting common viral respiratory pathogens. Discrepant results were observed in a small percentage of cases, indicating comparable diagnostic quality between EA and BAL samples for detecting common viral respiratory infections.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Roshan Dsouza, Darold R. Spillman, Ronit Barkalifa, Guillermo L. Monroy, Eric J. Chaney, Mark A. Johnson, Karen C. White, Stephen A. Boppart
Summary: This study found that the standard-of-care suctioning procedure is inefficient at clearing secretions or preventing the formation of biofilms in endotracheal tubes. The in situ imaging method used in the study was sensitive to the presence of secretions and biofilms, and can be useful for investigating different suctioning protocols in the future.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Anna C. Sick-Samuels, Matthew Linz, Jules Bergmann, James C. Fackler, Sean M. Berenholtz, Shawn L. Ralston, Katherine Hoops, Joe Dwyer, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Aaron M. Milstone
Summary: By implementing a clinical decision support algorithm to standardize obtaining EACs from ventilated PICU patients, there was a significant reduction in the rate of EACs per 100 ventilator days without impacting mortality, readmissions, or length of stay.
Article
Respiratory System
Nan Wu, Piyush Ranjan, Changyu Tao, Chao Liu, Ence Yang, Bei He, John R. Erb-Downward, Shining Bo, Jiajia Zheng, Chenxia Guo, Beibei Liu, Lina Sun, Wei Yan, Meng Wang, Wenting Wang, Jianing Wen, Ping Yang, Lin Yang, Qiaoshan Tian, Robert P. Dickson, Ning Shen
Summary: This study utilized Nanopore sequencing to quickly detect pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia patients, using saponins to remove human genomes and a non-PCR amplification method for library construction. The average sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing was approximately 2.4 times higher than clinical culture, allowing for accurate pathogen identification within 6 hours.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuangmei Wu, Chen Xu, Yiwen Zhu, Liang Zheng, Ludan Zhang, Yang Hu, Bingran Yu, Yuguang Wang, Fu-Jian Xu
Summary: A pH-sensitive photodynamic nanosystem is designed in this study, which can convert its surface charge in acidic environments to enhance photoinactivation efficiency against gram-negative bacteria, and effectively penetrate and eradicate biofilms under acidic conditions.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Consuelo Latorre, Maria Jesus Perez-Granda, Paul B. Savage, Beatriz Alonso, Pablo Martin-Rabadan, Rafael Samaniego, Emilio Bouza, Patricia Munoz, Maria Guembe
Summary: This study demonstrated that endotracheal tubes coated with the ceragenin CSA-131 significantly reduced biofilm formation of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. However, the difference was not statistically significant for Staphylococcus aureus. Further clinical studies are needed to support these findings.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)