Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zainab Gazali, Vikas Gupta, Tejmani Kumar, Rohit Kumar, Akash Kumar Tarai, Pradeep K. K. Rai, Manoj Kumar Gundawar, Awadhesh K. K. Rai
Summary: Long-standing gallbladder stones are recognized as a major risk factor for gallbladder cancer, but there is still limited understanding of their growth and progression. This study used laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze multiple and single gallstones. The results showed different concentration patterns of inorganic elements in the gallstones and identified various molecules present. The combination of PAS and LIBS shows promise for compositional analysis of gallstones.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shengen Zhu, Wenhao Zhang, Guangdong Song, Yadong Li, Binxin Hu, Feng Zhu, Hua Zhang, Yubin Wei, Tengfei Sun, Jing Tang
Summary: Coal quality analysis is crucial for the rational and sustainable utilization of coal resources. This study proposes a method using LIBS to reconstruct PCs, improving the regression metrics and establishing quantitative models for ash content, volatile matter, and calorific value. The accuracy of the models is significantly improved, and the feasibility and effectiveness of LIBS-based analysis for coal quality detection are demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Pravin Kumar Tiwari, Narayan Behera, R. K. Singh, H. C. Joshi
Summary: This paper presents a comparative study of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of brass and aluminium targets under different experimental configurations and conditions. The aim is to improve the detection sensitivity of the LIBS signal by introducing a magnetic field and colliding plasmas. The results show that colliding plasma with a magnetic field significantly enhances the intensities of observed LIBS lines. Furthermore, LIBS analysis of the colliding plasma in the presence of a magnetic field demonstrates a drastic improvement in detection sensitivity. Calibration-free elemental analysis is also performed for comparative evaluation.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Jitendra Sharma, Pradeep K. Rai, M. A. Gondal, Upendra Kumar, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: This review article presents detailed spectroscopic investigations using SEM-EDS technique on the morphological and chemical compositional analysis of gallstones and kidney stones. The paper also discusses the fundamental principles of SEM techniques and the relatively new advanced use of SEM-EDS in gastroenterology and nephrology.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Man He, Zhenna Chen, Chi Xu, Beibei Chen, Bin Hu
Summary: This review focuses on the use of magnetic nanomaterials as sorbents for trace elements analysis in environmental and biological samples, summarizing their design, preparation, functional groups, and applications, while also discussing future trends in this field.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Seadat Aghajari, Sima Sabzalipour, Ahad Nazarpour, Maryam Mohamadi Rozbahani
Summary: The mineralogical study using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that urinary stones in Lorestan Province can be divided into five groups, with Whewellite being the most important mineral phase. The analysis of major and rare elements showed that Calcium was the most abundant element in urinary stones, and CaO had the highest frequency in major oxides. The values of C-13 isotope in urinary stones were found to be lower than those in similar stones and human hard tissues in other countries.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick Janovszky, Albert Keri, David J. Palasti, Lukas Brunnbauer, Ferenc Domoki, Andreas Limbeck, Gabor Galbacs
Summary: The study emphasizes the importance of converting signal intensity maps of organic tissues collected by LIBS to elemental concentration maps. A machine learning methodology based on matrix-matched external calibration and linear discriminant analysis is proposed for this task. The results demonstrate the successful recognition of tissue types and conversion of intensity maps to accurate concentration maps for specific elements.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mahmoud Abdel-Gawad, Bedeir Ali-El-Dein, Emad Elsobky, Sanjeev Mehta, Naimet Alsaigh, Thomas Knoll, Mustafa Kura, Guido Kamphuis, Sameh Alhayek, Khaled Alkohlany, Noor Buchholz, Manoj Monga
Summary: In the process of urinary stone formation, a variety of heavy metals and trace elements have been identified. The types and concentrations of these elements vary between different countries. Conventional stone analysis techniques cannot identify stone micro-elements or the concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements, requiring specific tools like ICP-OES. Further research on the microelemental structure of urinary stones could lead to new strategies for prevention and recurrence of stone formation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saba Jalali, Nasrin Borumandnia, Abbas Basiri, Mohammadreza Nagiee, Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri, Sanaz Tavasoli, Yashar Kheirolahkhani, Maryam Taheri
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of boron supplement and tamsulosin in facilitating stone clearance after ESWL. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups, and boron supplement had no significant side effects in short-term follow-up and could be used as an adjuvant medical therapy for stone expulsion.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jehan Alsharnoubi, Yasser Nassef, Reham F. Fahmy, Mohamed Gamal
Summary: Beta-thalassemia major is a common inherited single-gene disorder characterized by changes in serum levels of iron, copper, zinc, and calcium. The study found that thalassemic patients had significantly higher serum iron and copper levels, while zinc and calcium levels were lower compared to healthy individuals. The use of LIBS proved to be a safe and efficient method for detecting alterations in trace elements in beta-thalassemia patients.
LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiajing Ning, Tazeem Akhter, Muddassar Sarfraz, Hassan Imran Afridi, Gadah Albasher, Ahsanullah Unar
Summary: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium, in the fertilizer industry can lead to adverse health effects. This study found that workers in the quality control and production units of a fertilizer industry had higher levels of toxic elements in their biological samples compared to residents living near the industry. In contrast, lower essential element levels were detected in the samples of fertilizer industry workers. It is important to adopt better practices and regulations to reduce exposure to harmful substances and protect worker safety and public health.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuanhang Wang, Yang Bu, Biao Yang, Yachao Cai
Summary: Electrolyte elements in human blood plasma are crucial for maintaining body fluid osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast and simple method for detecting electrolyte concentrations. In this study, surface-enhanced LIBS (SE-LIBS) combined with a gel film method was used to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of electrolyte element detection in blood plasma. The results showed that the Na I 588.99 nm and K I 766.49 nm spectral lines collected from the gel state blood plasma have the highest intensities and signal stabilities.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Lukas Brunnbauer, Jhanis Gonzalez, Hans Lohninger, Julia Bode, Carla Vogt, Michael Nelhiebel, Silvia Larisegger, Andreas Limbeck
Summary: This study investigates quantifying potassium in unknown polymer types or polymers with unknown composition using two different multivariate approaches, and achieves success in some cases, providing the possibility for quantitative analysis of potassium in unknown polymer types.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
L. Ripoll, J. Navarro-Gonzalez, S. Legnaioli, V. Palleschi, M. Hidalgo
Summary: An analytical methodology combining Thin Film Microextraction with Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (TFME-LIBS) was investigated for the detection of Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb in aqueous solutions. Experimental results showed that the use of the mould deposition procedure produced more uniform graphene oxide layers, leading to a more even distribution of the adsorbed analytes on the graphene oxide surface.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
John Lucchi, Dan Gluck, Sidney Rials, Larry Tang, Matthieu Baudelet
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful classification of 32 different samples using the elemental profile of tire rubber, analyzed by principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis. With a classification accuracy close to 99%, it shows the growing use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a technique for forensic analysis of tire rubber, opening the path for its use as forensic evidence.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shashi Bhushan Tripathi, Gayaprasad Jatav, Anoop Anand Malik, Shrikant Joshi, Vivek Kumar Singh, Madan Singh Negi, Laxmi Chauhan, Shyam Sundar Sharma
Summary: This study assessed the genetic diversity of Kadaknath poultry using AFLP markers and found high levels of polymorphism. Clustering analysis revealed seven major clusters unrelated to geographical location. The results can be used for germplasm selection and conservation strategies for pure breed of Kadaknath.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Vivek K. Singh, Neha Sharma, Virendra K. Singh
Summary: XRF spectrometry is a versatile and well-established technique for analyzing plant materials, providing fast and multi-elemental imaging responses. Its applications cover a wide range of plant tissues and it is considered a valuable tool for plant nutrition diagnosis.
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Vivek Kumar Singh, Trupa Sarkar, Sambhu Nath Pradhan
Summary: This paper proposes a method for maximizing fault coverage and minimizing power dissipation in testing analog and digital mixed-signal SOC circuits simultaneously using Genetic Algorithm. It investigates the impact of fault modeling, injection, simulation, and pattern dependency on power consumption. The study achieves high fault coverage and power saving, while presenting a trade-off between fault coverage and power dissipation.
IETE TECHNICAL REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vivek Kumar Singh, Vikrant Nain, Mullapudi Lakshmi Venkata Phanindra, Sellamuthu Gothandapani, Sushil Satish Chhapekar, Rohini Sreevathsa, K. R. S. Sambasiva Rao, Polumetla Ananda Kumar, Awanish Kumar
Summary: Transgenic crops expressing Cry delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis have been commercialized worldwide for insect resistance. This study demonstrates a successful method to induce high-level expression of cry genes in E. coli, which is difficult due to rare codons. The combination of IPTG and rifampicin was used to enhance transcription while inhibiting the expression of host genes. The results show that this approach leads to high-level expression of plant codon-optimized cry genes.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jeong Park, Sandeep Kumar, Song-Hee Han, Vivek K. Singh, Sang-Ho Nam, Yonghoon Lee
Summary: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is commonly used for material classification, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is a frequently used statistical method. However, the accuracy of the PLS-DA model is affected by the number and similarity of the classes. This study proposes a two-step PLS-DA modeling approach to improve classification accuracy, which is demonstrated to be effective through experiments.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Aafreen Khan, Vivek Kumar Singh, Deepshi Thakral, Ritu Gupta
Summary: Autophagy is a degradation pathway that is constantly active in cells and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Its regulation is implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer, although its role in cancer initiation and development remains controversial. Autophagy acts as a quality control mechanism in the early stages of cancer, but helps cancer cells adapt to stress and survive in later stages, including exposure to anti-cancer drugs.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Vivek Kumar Singh, Subhash Chander, Ram Kumar Sheoran, Anu, Om Parkash Sheoran, Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira
Summary: This study evaluated the aluminium tolerance of 50 sunflower genotypes at the seedling stage and found significant genetic variability among the genotypes. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of aluminium tolerance in sunflower and provide new genetic resources for improving aluminium tolerance.
CZECH JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Vivek Kumar Singh, Abhishek Nag, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Sambhu Nath Pradhan
Summary: Due to technological advancements and voltage scaling, leakage power has become an important concern in CMOS design. This study proposes two dynamic power gating techniques to reduce leakage power in a 6-input look-up table used in the Xilinx Spartan-6 series. The results show significant reductions in average leakage power and total power. However, these methods are vulnerable to the negative-bias temperature instability aging effect, leading to a shorter circuit lifetime.
JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gajendra B. Solanki, Vivek K. Singh, Fulabhai S. Kavani, Arjan J. Dhami, Harish H. Savsani, Binod Kumar, Tapas K. Patbandha
Summary: The success of assisted reproduction depends on the functionality of frozen-thawed semen. Heat stress affects protein folding, leading to mis-folded protein aggregation. This study evaluated the physical and morphological parameters, expression of HSPs, and fertility of frozen-thawed semen from Gir bulls. The results showed that the season significantly influenced the motility, viability, and membrane integrity of the semen, as well as the conception rate. The expression of HSP70 correlated positively with the semen parameters and fertility. Therefore, the expression of HSP70 may serve as a biomarker for thermo-tolerance, semen quality, and fertilizing capacity of Gir bull semen.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Ashok K. Pathak, Upendra Kumar, Pradeep K. Rai, Charles Ghany, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: Renal stone formation is a major cause of renal failure worldwide. Spectroscopic studies have been used to identify the chemical compositions of renal stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid, and carbonate apatite. Various elements including zinc, copper, iron, and lead were detected in the renal stones using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The results from spectroscopic analysis were compared with clinical details of the patients to further investigate the pathophysiology of renal stones.
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Pradeep K. Rai, Vidit Maniyar, Upendra Kumar, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: This study aims to describe the composition and morphology of nineteen surgically removed renal stones. Chemical and structural compositions were obtained using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were also performed. The main mineralogical phase of the renal stones in this study was found to be calcium oxalate monohydrate, along with traces of calcium phosphate, uric acid, and sodium urate.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jyoti Dua, Vivek Kumar Singh, Hiran H. Lathabai
Summary: Scientific collaboration at international level has significantly increased over the past 20 years, with positive correlation to research productivity and impact. Policymakers in different countries have implemented programs to promote international collaboration. This paper analyzes the international collaboration patterns in Indian scientific research from 2001 to 2020, showing a growth rate of 12.27% in international collaboration. While the USA, Germany, England, and China remain top collaborating partners, collaboration intensity with South Korea and Saudi Arabia has increased. About 50% of internationally collaborated papers have an Indian researcher as lead author, and more than 50% of authors in these papers are from India. The study discusses the factors shaping Indian international collaboration and its policy implications.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Jitendra Sharma, Pradeep K. Rai, M. A. Gondal, Upendra Kumar, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: This review article presents detailed spectroscopic investigations using SEM-EDS technique on the morphological and chemical compositional analysis of gallstones and kidney stones. The paper also discusses the fundamental principles of SEM techniques and the relatively new advanced use of SEM-EDS in gastroenterology and nephrology.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Vivek Kumar Singh, Abhishek Nag, Sambhu Nath Pradhan
Summary: This paper presents an efficient and dynamic approach to reduce overall power dissipation in finite state machines (FSMs) by using a dual gating strategy. The FSMs are implemented in configurable logic blocks (CLBs) and the gating criteria are derived from self-loop information within the FSM. In addition to power gating, a clock gating approach is proposed to maintain data at the output of power-gated CLBs. Simulation results show a 25.82% power savings with increased look up table (LUT) utilization within the CLBs. The excess LUT utilization decreases as the complexity of the FSM increases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neha Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, Yonghoon Lee, Virendra K. Singh, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: The study compared the chemical changes in healthy and bacterial crown gall diseased ber fruits, finding a decrease in mineral elements and an increase in other elements in diseased samples. By analyzing the data, it was possible to differentiate between healthy and diseased samples based on their elemental differences.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
