Article
Immunology
Caian L. Vinhaes, Virginia Sheikh, Deivide Oliveira-de-Souza, Jing Wang, Adam Rupert, Gregg Roby, Maria B. Arriaga, Kiyoshi F. Fukutani, Fred Sawe, Doug Shaffer, Jintanat Ananworanich, Nittaya Phanuphak, Bruno B. Andrade, Irini Sereti
Summary: The study found that systemic inflammatory profiles in people with severe immunosuppression can predict the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). By developing a composite score incorporating various biomarkers, including interleukin-6, IL-10, IL-27, sCD14, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, hyaluronic acid, D-dimer, body mass index, and hemoglobin, accurate predictions of IRIS occurrence and death risk can be made.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: Severe mycobacterial IRIS in HIV can cause secondary HLH driven by pathologic IFN gamma production and T-cell activation, leading to worse outcomes. Increased ferritin, anemia, CXCL9, and sCD25 associate with this phenotype and may be used for risk stratification and treatment optimization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Ornella Sortino, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: People with HIV and mycobacterial infections may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting antiretroviral therapy. The pathophysiology of mycobacterial-IRIS overlaps with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH). By evaluating protein-altering variants in genes associated with HLH, it was found that 23.2% of IRIS patients had these variants, compared to only 3.8% of those without IRIS. These findings suggest a possible genetic component in the risk of mycobacterial IRIS in people with HIV and mycobacterial infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Lucas Armange, Adele Lacroix, Paul Petitgas, Cedric Arvieux, Caroline Piau-Couapel, Patrice Poubeau, Matthieu Revest, Pierre Tattevin
Summary: Paradoxical reaction (PR) and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) are common complications of tuberculosis treatment. Corticosteroids are first-line treatment for severe PR or IRIS, particularly neurological. TNF-alpha antagonists are safe and effective as salvage or corticosteroid-sparing therapeutic for severe PR or IRIS during tuberculosis treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Shuangjun Liu, Feng Huo, Guorui Dai, Jie Wu, Maoquan Qin, Huawei Mao, Quan Wang
Summary: This case report describes a patient who developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, following severe disseminated infection caused by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. The patient experienced complications including veno-occlusive disease and acute graft-versus-host disease post-transplant, with symptoms of IRIS emerging after immunosuppressants were withdrawn.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Polidy Pean, Yoann Madec, Eric Nerrienet, Laurence Borand, Didier Laureillard, Marcelo Fernandez, Olivier Marcy, Daniel Scott-Algara, CAMELIA Study Team
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reconstitution of NK cells in HIV-infected patients with TB-IRIS compared to those without IRIS. The results showed that NK cell reconstitution appeared to be better in TB-IRIS subjects. However, the development of IRIS does not appear to affect the NK cell reconstitution in HIV and TB-infected individuals.
Article
Immunology
Stanley Kimbung Mbandi, Hannah Painter, Adam Penn-Nicholson, Asma Toefy, Mzwandile Erasmus, Willem A. Hanekom, Thomas J. Scriba, Rachel P. J. Lai, Suzaan Marais, Helen A. Fletcher, Graeme Meintjes, Robert J. Wilkinson, Mark F. Cotton, Savita Pahwa, Mark J. Cameron, Elisa Nemes
Summary: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with advanced HIV, but its pathogenesis is uncertain. This study found that immune-based blood transcriptomic signatures (RISK6 and Sweeney3) have the potential to predict and diagnose IRIS in HIV+ children and adults.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Sylvie Bregigeon, Romain Palich, Anne-Genevieve Marcelin, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Caroline Solas, Marianne Veyri, Jean-Philippe Spano, Alain Makinson
Summary: Kaposi sarcoma-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (KS-IRIS) is a common disease among people living with HIV, despite the improvement of KS with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the occurrence of KS-IRIS still exists and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Article
Microbiology
Marina Nosik, Konstantin Ryzhov, Irina Rymanova, Alexandr Sobkin, Alexey Kravtchenko, Ulyana Kuimova, Vadim Pokrovsky, Vitaly Zverev, Oxana Svitich
Summary: Coinfection with HIV/TB suppresses both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, leading to delayed immune recovery and potentially providing IL-6 as a potential marker for early detection of TB infection in HIV-infected individuals, with IL-1Ra emerging as a potential predictive biomarker for TB-IRIS development and treatment outcomes.
Article
Immunology
Cari Stek, Muki Shey, Khuthala Mnika, Charlotte Schutz, Friedrich Thienemann, Robert J. Wilkinson, Lutgarde Lynen, Graeme Meintjes
Summary: The relationship between the LTA4H genotype and the development of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and the efficacy of prednisone in preventing TB-IRIS were investigated in a clinical trial. However, no association was found between the LTA4H genotype and the incidence of TB-IRIS or the efficacy of prednisone.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ran Tao, Xiaorong Peng, Xiang Liu, Junwei Su, Guanjing Lang, Ying Huang, Yafei Zhang, Biao Zhu
Summary: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in HIV patients. This study reports two cases of CM-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) treated with lenalidomide, which resulted in rapid clinical remission and improved cognitive function. The study also suggests that lenalidomide may improve cognitive function by regulating intracranial inflammation through multiple pathways, not just by TNF-α blocking.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Luxin Pei, Kiyoshi F. Fukutani, Rafael Tiburcio, Adam Rupert, Eric W. Dahlstrom, Frances Galindo, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Bruno B. Andrade, Irini Sereti
Summary: The study identified metabolic disturbances in IRIS before and during the event, linking oxidative stress, tryptophan pathway, and lipid signaling with IRIS development. Metabolic pathways of lipids and amino acids were significantly associated with inflammatory biomarkers like IL-12p70 and IL-8 during the IRIS event, suggesting the impact of cellular metabolism on immune cell activation and vice versa.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mengyan Hu, Sanxin Liu, Danli Lu, Yi Zhong, Dafan Yu, Wei Qiu, Zhengqi Lu, Bingjun Zhang
Summary: CNS-IRIS is an inflammatory syndrome that may occur in previously immunocompromised patients during the restoration of immunity function. This case report presents the first instance of CNS-IRIS associated with bacterial meningitis, where the patient gradually recovered with corticosteroid therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chelsea Miller, Reza Daugherty, Michael McCulloch, Ina Stephens, Peter R. Williamson
Summary: This case report discusses the diagnosis and management of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with cryptococcal meningitis in a 10-year-old pediatric heart transplant recipient.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Angela Migowa, Pauline Samia, Sean del Rossi, Oliver Ombeva Malande, Jasmit Shah, Chemutai Kenei, Joy Ayaya, Daisy Jeruto, Laura Oyiengo, Laura Lewandowski
Summary: This study describes the first case series of MIS-C in East and Central Africa, highlighting the clinico-epidemiological profile and challenges in management of MIS-C in low-middle income countries. The majority of suspected MIS-C cases did not have access to timely COVID-19 testing and other appropriate evaluations, emphasizing the inequity in access to diagnostics and treatment.
PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Angharad G. Davis, Anna J. Dreyer, Christine Albertyn, Mpumi Maxebengula, Cari Stek, Sean Wasserman, Suzaan Marais, Kathleen Bateman, Mark Solms, John Joska, Robert J. Wilkinson, Sam Nightingale
Summary: This study systematically assessed the frequency and nature of cognitive impairment in adult tuberculous meningitis patients and found that it has an impact on functioning and medication adherence.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Katherine Antel, Jenna Oosthuizen, Karryn Brown, Francois Malherbe, Perry Loebenberg, Cylene Seaton, Siphiwe Baloyi, Kudakwashe Simba, Dharshnee Chetty, Vernon J. Louw, Gary Maartens, Estelle R. Verburgh
Summary: In TB-endemic areas, lymphadenopathy caused by tuberculosis (TB) adenitis is common, but lymphoma and cancers are important differential diagnoses and need to be diagnosed early. The main obstacles to diagnosing lymphoma include empiric TB treatment and difficulty obtaining a biopsy. This study reports on a specialized clinic that uses high-yield investigations for patients with lymphadenopathy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aida N. N. Kawuma, Roeland E. E. Wasmann, Kelly E. E. Dooley, Gary Maartens, Paolo Denti
Summary: Rifabutin may serve as an alternative to rifampicin in co-administration with dolutegravir, as it does not require dose adjustment and can achieve the desired drug concentration.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Muhammed Shiraz Moosa, Giusy Russomanno, Jeffrey R. Dorfman, Hannah Gunter, Chandni Patel, Eithne Costello, Dan Carr, Gary Maartens, Munir Pirmohamed, Christopher Goldring, Karen Cohen
Summary: This study investigated the concentrations of miR-122 in participants with antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) and its correlation with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. The study found that miR-122 concentrations in AT-DILI patients were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers and in patients on antituberculosis therapy without liver injury, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) had no effect on miR-122 concentrations.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ying Zhao, Rulan Griesel, Zaayid Omar, Bryony Simmons, Andrew Hill, Gert van Zyl, Claire Keene, Gary Maartens, Graeme Meintjes
Summary: This study evaluated the need for an initial dolutegravir dose adjustment in adults switching from first-line TEE treatment to TLD. The results showed that in patients with unsuppressed HIV-1 RNA levels and substantial baseline resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, a high proportion achieved virologic suppression without the need for an initial dolutegravir dose adjustment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Denis Nono, Nolbert Gumisiriza, Christopher Tumwine, Luis-Jorge Amaral, Herbert Elvis Ainamani, Seggane Musisi, Robert Colebunders
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the access and use of health services by children with epilepsy in Uganda. The study found that COVID-19-related restrictions created challenges for children with epilepsy, their parents, and healthcare providers, including reduced access to healthcare services, food insecurity, and inability to afford essential medicines. However, several coping strategies, such as parents engaging in casual work and healthcare workers intensifying outreach services, were adopted to address these challenges.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Van Cutsem Gilles, Colebunders Robert
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elsa du Bruyn, Cari Stek, Remi Daroowala, Qonita Said-Hartley, Marvin Hsiao, Georgia Schafer, Rene S. Goliath, Fatima Abrahams, Amanda Jackson, Sean Wasserman, Brian Allwood, Angharad Davis, Rachel P. -J. Lai, Anna Coussens, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Jantina J. de Vries, Nicki Tiffin, Maddalena Cerrone, Ntobeko A. B. J. Ntusi, Catherine Riou, Robert Wilkinson
Summary: The study investigates the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting with high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence. It finds that tuberculosis is a common comorbidity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and that the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is negatively affected by the coexistence of HIV-1 and tuberculosis. This highlights the importance of considering these comorbidities in the management of COVID-19 in high-incidence settings.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Correction
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Corinne Morfill, Stanislava Pankratova, Pedro Machado, Nathalie K. Fernando, Anna Regoutz, Federica Talamona, Alessandra Pinna, Michal Klosowski, Robert J. Wilkinson, Roland A. Fleck, Fang Xie, Alexandra E. Porter, Darya Kiryushko
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hygon Mutavhatsindi, Elsa Du Bruyn, Sheena Ruzive, Patrick Howlett, Maddalena Cerrone, Alan Sher, Katrin D. Mayer-Barber, Daniel L. Barber, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Robert J. Wilkinson, Catherine Riou
Summary: This study investigated the systemic inflammatory profile in individuals with HIV-1 and latent TB infection (LTBI), pulmonary TB (PTB), or pericardial TB (PCTB). The results showed that most analytes were elevated at the site of infection (pericardial fluid) compared to blood. Additionally, HLA-DR expression was identified as a potential biomarker for TB diagnosis.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Luis-Jorge Amaral, Dan Bhwana, Messaline F. Fomo, Bruno P. Mmbando, Carmen-Nabintu Chigoho, Robert Colebunders
Summary: This study examined the quality of life of adults with epilepsy in an onchocerciasis-endemic area in Tanzania. The findings revealed that individuals with epilepsy in this region have a lower quality of life, highlighting the need to improve medication regimens and education levels.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Petro Booysen, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Dylan Sheerin, Robyn Waters, Anna K. Coussens, Robert J. Wilkinson
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are major infectious causes of death, and co-infected patients have increased mortality rates. The immune interaction between these two pathogens impacts the outcomes of co-infected individuals. Both SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb modulate immune responses in cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cari Stek, Muki Shey, Khuthala Mnika, Charlotte Schutz, Friedrich Thienemann, Robert J. Wilkinson, Lutgarde Lynen, Graeme Meintjes
Summary: The relationship between the LTA4H genotype and the development of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and the efficacy of prednisone in preventing TB-IRIS were investigated in a clinical trial. However, no association was found between the LTA4H genotype and the incidence of TB-IRIS or the efficacy of prednisone.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Eduardo P. Amaral, Sivaranjani Namasivayam, Artur T. L. Queiroz, Eduardo Fukutani, Kerry L. Hilligan, Kate Aberman, Logan Fisher, Caio Cesar B. Bomfim, Keith Kauffman, Jay Buchanan, Leslie Santuo, Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, Diego L. Costa, Mariane Araujo Teixeira, Beatriz Barreto-Duarte, Clarissa Gurgel Rocha, Monique Freire Santana, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Daniel L. Barber, Robert J. Wilkinson, Igor Kramnik, Kazuhiko Igarashi, Thomas Scriba, Katrin D. Mayer-Barber, Bruno B. Andrade, Alan Sher
Summary: The transcription factor Bach1 plays a key role in regulating host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by influencing antioxidant gene expression, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing necrosis and bacterial loads in mice. Its deletion increases resistance to Mtb-induced cell death and improves survival, highlighting Bach1 as a crucial regulator of cellular and tissue necrosis in Mtb infection.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)