Article
Pediatrics
Fleur M. Keij, Rene F. Kornelisse, Nico G. Hartwig, Jacqueline Van der Sluijs-Bens, Ron H. T. van Beek, Arianne van Driel, Linda G. M. van Rooij, Ilka Van Dalen-Vink, Gertjan J. A. Driessen, Sandra Kenter, Jeannette S. von Lindern, Marianne Eijkemans, Gerda M. Stam-Stigter, Hongchao Qi, Maartje M. van den Berg, Martin G. A. Baartmans, Laura H. Van der Meer-Kappelle, Clemens B. Meijssen, Obbe F. Norbruis, Jojanneke Heidema, Maaike C. van Rossem, Paul C. P. den Butter, Karel Allegaert, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Gerdien A. Tramper-Stranders
Summary: This multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of early intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch therapy in neonates with probable bacterial infection. The results showed that oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was non-inferior to intravenous antibiotics and was not associated with an increased incidence of adverse events.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefan T. Engelter, Christopher Traenka, Henrik Gensicke, Sabine A. Schaedelin, Andreas R. Luft, Barbara Goeggel Simonetti, Urs Fischer, Patrik Michel, Gaia Sirimarco, Georg Kagi, Jochen Vehoff, Krassen Nedeltchev, Timo Kahles, Lars Kellert, Sverre Rosenbaum, Regina von Rennenberg, Roman Sztajzel, Stephen L. Leib, Simon Jung, Jan Gralla, Nicole Bruni, David Seiffge, Katharina Feil, Alexandros A. Polymeris, Levke Steiner, Janne Hamann, Leo H. Bonati, Alex Brehm, Gian Marco De Marchis, Nils Peters, Christoph Stippich, Christian H. Nolte, Hanne Christensen, Susanne Wegener, Marios-Nikos Psychogios, Marcel Arnold, Philippe Lyrer
Summary: In a non-inferiority trial for patients with cervical artery dissection, aspirin did not show non-inferiority to vitamin K antagonists, with no significant difference in treatment outcomes between the two groups.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Urs Fischer, Johannes Kaesmacher, Daniel Strbian, Omer Eker, Christoph Cognard, Patricia S. Plattner, Lukas Butikofer, Pasquale Mordasini, Sandro Deppeler, Vitor M. Pereira, Jean Francois Albucher, Jean Darcourt, Romain Bourcier, Guillon Benoit, Chrysanthi Papagiannaki, Ozlem Ozkul-Wermester, Gerli Sibolt, Marjaana Tiainen, Benjamin Gory, Sebastien Richard, Jan Liman, Marielle Sophie Ernst, Marion Boulanger, Charlotte Barbier, Laura Mechtouff, Liqun Zhang, Gaultier Marnat, Igor Sibon, Omid Nikoubashman, Arno Reich, Arturo Consoli, Bertrand Lapergue, Marc Ribo, Alejandro Tomasello, Suzana Saleme, Francisco Macian, Solne Moulin, Paolo Pagano, Guillaume Saliou, Emmanuel Carrera, Kevin Janot, Maria Hernandez-Perez, Raoul Pop, Lucie Della Schiava, Andreas R. Luft, Michel Piotin, Jean Christophe Gentric, Aleksandra Pikula, Waltraud Pfeilschifter, Marcel Arnold, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Michael Froehler, AnthonyJ Furlan, Rene Chapot, Martin Wiesmann, Paolo Machi, Hans-Christoph Diener, Zsolt Kulcsar, Leo H. Bonati, Claudio L. Bassetti, Mikael Mazighi, David S. Liebeskind, Jeffrey L. Saver, Jan Gralla
Summary: The study found that thrombectomy alone was not superior to intravenous alteplase plus thrombectomy and resulted in decreased reperfusion rates, indicating that omitting intravenous alteplase before thrombectomy in eligible patients is not supported.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisabeth M. L. de Wijkerslooth, Evert-Jan G. Boerma, Charles C. van Rossem, Joost van Rosmalen, Coen I. M. Baeten, Frederique H. Beverdam, Johanna W. A. M. Bosmans, Esther C. J. Consten, Jan Willem T. Dekker, Marloes Emous, Anna A. W. van Geloven, Anton F. Gijsen, Luc A. Heijnen, An P. Jairam, Damian C. Melles, Augustinus P. T. van der Ploeg, Pascal Steenvoorde, Boudewijn R. Toorevliet, Maarten Vermaas, Bas Wiering, Bas P. L. Wijnhoven, Anne Loes van den Boom
Summary: A study conducted in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands found that the duration of postoperative antibiotics for complex appendicitis can be shortened from 5 days to 2 days without increasing the risk of infectious complications and mortality. This strategy also reduces the adverse effects of antibiotics and length of hospital stay.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maciej Jacewicz, Karsten Guenzel, Erik Rud, Gunnar Sandbaek, Ahmed Magheli, Jonas Busch, Stefan Hinz, Eduard Baco
Summary: The study found that antibiotic prophylaxis may be omitted during transperineal prostate biopsies, as the infection rates were not higher in patients who did not receive prophylaxis compared to those who did.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ana Kowark, Marc Felzen, Sebastian Ziemann, Stephanie Wied, Michael Czaplik, Stefan K. Beckers, Jorg C. Brokmann, Ralf-Dieter Hilgers, Rolf Rossaint
Summary: Through analysis, we found that the routine use of tele-emergency medical service is not inferior to conventional physician-based emergency medical service in terms of the occurrence of intervention-related adverse events.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte E. Coles, Joanne S. Haviland, Anna M. Kirby, Clare L. Griffin, Mark A. Sydenham, Jenny C. Titley, Indrani Bhattacharya, A. Murray Brunt, H. Y. Charlie Chan, Ellen M. Donovan, David J. Eaton, Marie Emson, Penny Hopwood, Monica L. Jefford, Sara Lightowlers, Elinor J. Sawyer, Isabel Syndikus, Yat M. Tsang, Nicola Twyman, John R. Yarnold, Judith M. Bliss, IMPORT Trial Management Grp
Summary: IMPORT HIGH trial compared the efficacy and toxicity of simultaneous integrated boost and sequential boost radiotherapy regimens. The results showed that regardless of the boost sequencing, the 5-year incidence of ipsilateral breast tumor relapse was lower than the expected 5%. Simultaneous integrated boost regimen reduced patient visits and had potential benefits.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tjitske Zaat, Jan-Peter de Bruin, Mariette Goddijn, Marchien van Baal, Sofie Benneheij, Monique Brandes, Frank Broekmans, Astrid Cantineau, Ben Cohlen, Jeroen van Disseldorp, Susanne Gielen, Eva Groenewoud, Arne van Heusden, Eugenie Kaaijk, Carolien Koks, Corry de Koning, Nicole Klijn, Paul van der Linden, Petra Manger, Lobke Moolenaar, Robbert van Oppenraaij, Quirine Pieterse, Jesper Smeenk, Jantien Visser, Madelon van Wely, Femke Mol
Summary: The study showed that home-based monitoring of ovulation is just as effective as hospital-controlled monitoring when timing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), with similar ongoing pregnancy rates in both groups.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael L. Schilsky, Anna Czlonkowska, Massimo Zuin, David Cassiman, Carlos Twardowschy, Aurelia Poujois, Francisco De Assis A. Gondim, Gerald Denk, Rubens G. Cury, Peter Ott, Joanna Moore, Aftab Ala, Renata D'Inca, Eduardo Couchonnal-Bedoya, Koenraad D'Hollander, Nicolas Dubois, C. Omar F. Kamlin, Karl Heinz Weiss
Summary: The study compares the effectiveness of penicillamine and TETA4 in maintenance therapy for Wilson disease. The results show that TETA4 is non-inferior to penicillamine and is well tolerated in adults with Wilson disease.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dasa Stupica, Stefan Collinet-Adler, Rok Blagus, Anja Gomiscek, Tjasa Cerar Kisek, Eva Ruzic-Sabljic, Masa Veluscek
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether oral doxycycline for 7 days is non-inferior to 14 days in adults with solitary erythema migrans. The results showed no significant difference in treatment failure between the 7-day and 14-day groups. Therefore, a 7-day treatment could reduce antibiotic exposure.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karoliina Jalava, Ville Sallinen, Hanna Lampela, Hanna Malmi, Ingeborg Steinholt, Knut Magne Augestad, Ari Leppaniemi, Panu Mentula
Summary: In patients with presumed uncomplicated acute appendicitis, scheduling appendicectomy within 24 h does not increase the risk of appendiceal perforation compared with scheduling appendicectomy within 8 h. These results can help allocate operating room resources effectively, such as postponing night-time appendicectomy to daytime.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bijoy K. Menon, Brian H. Buck, Nishita Singh, Yan Deschaintre, Mohammed A. Almekhlafi, Shelagh B. Coutts, Sibi Thirunavukkarasu, Houman Khosravani, Ramana Appireddy, Francois Moreau, Gord Gubitz, Aleksander Tkach, Luciana Catanese, Dar Dowlatshahi, George Medvedev, Jennifer Mandzia, Aleksandra Pikula, Jai Shankar, Heather Williams, Thalia S. Field, Alejandro Manosalva, Muzaffar Siddiqui, Atif Zafar, Oje Imoukhuede, Gary Hunter, Andrew M. Demchuk, Sachin Mishra, Laura C. Gioia, Shirin Jalini, Caroline Cayer, Stephen Phillips, Elsadig Elamin, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Suresh Subramaniam, Mahesh Kate, Gregory Jacquin, Marie-Christine Camden, Faysal Benali, Ibrahim Alhabli, Fouzi Bala, MacKenzie Horn, Grant Stotts, Michael D. Hill, David J. Gladstone, Alexandre Poppe, Arshia Sehgal, Qiao Zhang, Brendan Cord Lethebe, Craig Doram, Ayoola Ademola, Michel Shamy, Carol Kenney, Tolulope T. Sajobi, Richard H. Swartz
Summary: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of tenecteplase and alteplase in treating acute ischemic stroke. The results showed that tenecteplase, given as a single bolus, is a reasonable alternative to alteplase for thrombolysis in patients who meet the standard criteria.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruth L. Goodall, Sarah K. Meredith, Andrew J. Nunn, Adamu Bayissa, Anuj K. Bhatnagar, Gay Bronson, Chen-Yuan Chiang, Francesca Conradie, Meera Gurumurthy, Bruce Kirenga, Nana Kiria, Daniel Meressa, Ronelle Moodliar, Gopalan Narendran, Nosipho Ngubane, Mohammed Rassool, Karen Sanders, Rajesh Solanki, S. Bertel Squire, Gabriela Torrea, Bazarragchaa Tsogt, Elena Tudor, Armand Van Deun, I. D. Rusen
Summary: The STREAM phase 2 trial compared the efficacy of two bedaquiline-containing regimens with the 9-month regimen recommended by WHO for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. The results showed that both bedaquiline regimens had superior efficacy and a lower risk of hearing loss compared to the control regimen.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter J. Mitchell, Bernard Yan, Leonid Churilov, Richard J. Dowling, Steven J. Bush, Andrew Bivard, Xiao Chuan Huo, Guoqing Wang, Shi Yong Zhang, Mai Duy Ton, Dennis J. Cordato, Timothy J. Kleinig, Henry Ma, Ronil Chandra, Helen Brown, Bruce C. Campbell, Andrew K. Cheung, Brendan Steinfort, Rebecca Scroop, Kendal Redmond, Ferdinand Miteff, Yan Liu, Dang Phuc Duc, Hal Rice, Mark W. Parsons, Teddy Y. Wu, Huy-Thang Nguyen, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Zhong Rong Miao, Stephen M. Davis
Summary: This study compared the clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion who received direct endovascular thrombectomy or bridging therapy. The results showed that direct endovascular thrombectomy did not achieve non-inferiority compared to bridging therapy, suggesting that bridging therapy should be recommended as the standard treatment.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roberto Diletti, Wijnand K. den Dekker, Johan Bennett, Carl E. Schotborgh, Rene van der Schaaf, Manel Sabate, Raul Moreno, Koen Ameloot, Rutger van Bommel, Daniele Forlani, Bert van Reet, Giovanni Esposito, Maurits T. Dirksen, Willem P. T. Ruifrok, Bert R. C. Everaert, Carlos Van Mieghem, Jacob J. Elscot, Paul Cummins, Mattie Lenzen, Salvatore Brugaletta, Eric Boersma, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem
Summary: Immediate complete revascularisation is non-inferior to staged complete revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease, and it is associated with a reduction in myocardial infarction and unplanned ischaemia-driven revascularisation.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Emily G. McDonald, Connor Prosty, Ryan Hanula, Emilie Bortolussi-Courval, Arthur M. Albuquerque, Steven Y. C. Tong, Fergus Hamilton, Todd C. Lee
Summary: This narrative review compares the strengths and limitations of observational study data with randomized controlled trial (RCT) data in evaluating antibiotic treatment durations. The findings indicate that, in terms of all-cause mortality at 30 days, RCT data provide some support for longer-course therapy, while observational study data show stronger support for longer-course therapy. Observational studies still face challenges in addressing potential sources of bias.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nusrat Homaira, Roxanne Strachan, Helen Quinn, Sean Beggs, Mejbah Bhuiyan, Asha Bowen, Laura K. Fawcett, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert, Stephen B. Lambert, Kristine Macartney, Helen S. Marshall, Andrew C. Martin, Gabrielle McCallum, Angela McCullagh, Tim McDonald, Hiran Selvadurai, Peter McIntyre, Shahin Oftadeh, Sarath Ranganathan, Thomas Saunders, Sadasivam Suresh, Claire Wainwright, Angela Wilson, Melanie Wong, Adam Jaffe, Tom Snelling
Summary: In this nationwide case-control study conducted in 11 pediatric tertiary hospitals in Australia, we aimed to assess the direct protective effect of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) against invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (IPP) in children. The study concluded that the direct protective effect of 13vPCV against IPP among Australian children was not significant.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeremy Clark, Steven Y. C. Tong
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Steven Mascaro, Yue L. Wu, Owen Woodberry, Erik Nyberg, Ross Pearson, Jessica Ramsay, Ariel Mace, David Foley, Thomas Snelling, Ann Nicholson
Summary: COVID-19 is a new and severe disease with uncertain pathophysiological mechanisms. This study developed causal models of COVID-19 pathophysiology using Bayesian network models and directed acyclic graphs. Expert elicitation was used to obtain input from experts, resulting in the first published causal models of COVID-19 pathophysiology.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Annette C. Westgeest, David T. P. Buis, Kim C. E. Sigaloff, Felicia Ruffin, Leo G. Visser, Yunsong Yu, Emile F. Schippers, Merel M. C. Lambregts, Steven Y. C. Tong, Mark G. J. de Boer, Vance G. Fowler
Summary: This survey-based study reveals significant practice variations for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia worldwide, indicating the lack of standardized treatment practices.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dorota A. Doherty, Steven Y. C. Tong, Jennifer Reilly, Jane Shrapnel, Stephen McDonald, Susannah Ahern, Ian Harris, Charmaine S. Tam, Angela L. Brennan, Carol Hodgson, Leonie Wilcox, Anitha Balagurunathan, Belinda E. Butcher, Christopher M. Reid
Summary: Registry randomised clinical trials (RRCTs) can provide practical answers to clinical questions in a cost-effective way by embedding them into well-established registries. RRCTs can take different forms, such as parallel group trials, platform or adaptive trials, cluster randomised trials, and cluster randomised stepped-wedge trials. With advancements in data linkage and quality, RRCTs have the potential to play a significant role in addressing clinical questions pragmatically.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jennifer M. O'Hern, Adrian K. Koenen, Sonja E. Janson, Krispin W. Hajkowicz, Iain Robertson, Sarah S. Kidd, Robert Baird, Steven Y. C. J. Tong, Joshua P. Davis, Phillip Carson, Bart Currie, Anna Ralph
Summary: This study evaluated the epidemiology, management, and predictors of outcome of Cryptococcus gattii infections in Australia's Northern Territory from 1996 to 2018. The majority of the infected individuals were Aboriginal Australians. The mortality rate within 12 months of diagnosis was 20%, and survivors often experienced residual disability. Early treatment, uninterrupted induction therapy, and absence of end-stage kidney disease were associated with lower mortality rates. Surgical intervention for pulmonary infections was found to increase the likelihood of cure. Overall, treatment outcomes for C. gattii infections have significantly improved over the past two decades.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jake A. Lacey, Adrian J. Marcato, Rebecca H. Chisholm, Patricia Campbell, Cameron Zachreson, David J. Price, Taylah B. James, Jacqueline M. Morris, Claire L. Gorrie, Malcolm McDonald, Asha C. Bowen, Philip M. Giffard, Deborah C. Holt, Bart J. Currie, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Ross M. Andrews, Mark R. Davies, Nicholas Geard, Jodie McVernon, Steven Y. C. Tong
Summary: The study found that in Aboriginal communities in Australia, impetigo and asymptomatic throat carriage are important contributors to the transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes. The transmission of GAS differs between households and within households, with different durations of infection. Increased household size and the presence of GAS and scabies in the community are associated with slower clearance of GAS.
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Isabelle Malhame, Erica Hardy, Matthew P. Cheng, Steven Y. C. Tong, Asha C. Bowen
OBSTETRIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Ouli Xie, Steven Y. C. Tong
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael G. Baker, Mary Y. Masterson, Maylene Shung-King, Andrea Beaton, Asha C. Bowen, Geetha P. Bansal, Jonathan R. Carapetis
Summary: The social determinants of health play a significant role in the occurrence of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Primordial prevention, which focuses on modifying these determinants, can reduce the risk of developing these diseases by addressing the factors that contribute to their occurrence. The findings of the Primordial Prevention Working Group highlight the need for global analysis, assessment of existing prevention programs, research on interventions, and improving access to services in order to effectively address the impact of social determinants of health on rheumatic heart disease.
Correction
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Massimo F. Piepoli, Marianna Adamo, Andrea Barison, Reinaldo B. Bestetti, Jan Biegus, Michael Bohm, Javed Butler, Jonathan Carapetis, Claudio Ceconi, Ovidiu Chioncel, Andrew Coats, Maria G. Crespo-Leiro, Giovanni de Simone, Heinz Drexel, Michele Emdin, Dimitros Farmakis, Martin Halle, Stephane Heymans, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa Jankowska, Mitja Lainscak, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Maja-Lisa Lochen, Yuri Lopatin, Aldo Maggioni, Benedetta Matrone, Marco Metra, Katharine Noonan, Ileana Pina, Eva Prescott, Giuseppe Rosano, Petar M. Seferovic, Karen Sliwa, Simon Stewart, Alicia Uijl, Ilonca Vaartjes, Roel Vermeulen, W. M. Verschuren, Maurizio Volterrani, Stephan Von Haehling, Arno Hoes
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)