Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qi Chu, Guang Bao, Jiayu Sun
Summary: This study summarizes and reviews the literature on destination image published in major international hospitality and tourism academic journals over the past decade. It identifies that research has focused on the structure, measurement, branding, influencing factors, and impact on tourists' behavioral intentions of destination image. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of destination image and guide future research.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rufus O. Akinyemi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Olaleye A. Adeniji, Fred S. Sarfo, Foad Abd-Allah, Thierry Adoukonou, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Pamela Naidoo, Albertino Damasceno, Richard W. Walker, Adesola Ogunniyi, Rajesh N. Kalaria, Mayowa O. Owolabi
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of disability, dementia, and death worldwide, with particularly high rates in Africa. The incidence and prevalence of stroke in Africa are significantly higher, with a fatality rate exceeding 80%, impacting individuals, families, and society.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Stephen J. Page, Michael Duignan
Summary: This paper reviews the progress and challenges in the field of urban tourism. It examines the expansion of research in this area, the imbalance in attention in urban tourism research, and the need for re-thinking theories based on western analysis in relation to the global south. The paper highlights the importance of considering developments in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susan Winks, John G. Woodland, Goonaseelan 'Colin' Pillai, Kelly Chibale
Summary: The H3D Centre, a research unit based in South Africa, has achieved numerous successes and could potentially serve as a valuable model for drug discovery and development in Africa.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
B. Andrei Bernevig, Claudia Felser, Haim Beidenkopf
Summary: Magnetic topological materials have unique properties influenced by the topology of their electronic wave functions and magnetic spin configuration. In this review, we summarize the theoretical and experimental progress in this field and provide an outlook for future research.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Min Zhang, Shulin Liu, Zhao Wang, Yaqin Yuan, Zhifang Zhang, Qianjin Liang, Xia Yang, Zongbiao Duan, Yucheng Liu, Fanjiang Kong, Baohui Liu, Bo Ren, Zhixi Tian
Summary: Soybean breeding needs to be accelerated to meet the needs of a growing world population and address environmental changes, relying on discoveries in gene functional studies. Research progress in soybean omics, germplasm development, gene discovery, and transformation technology over the past decade has been significant, but current challenges and future directions still need to be addressed.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Hu Xu, Yong Guo, Lijuan Qiu, Yidong Ran
Summary: Soybean, as an important crop for food, feed, and biofuel, has been genetically modified for trait improvement for more than 4 decades. However, compared to other major crops, soybean still faces challenges in genetic transformation. In recent years, progress has been made through modifications in tissue culture conditions and understanding of transformation mechanisms, achieving high efficiency and genotype flexibility.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alice Kamau, Robert S. Paton, Samuel Akech, Arthur Mpimbaza, Cynthia Khazenzi, Morris Ogero, Eda Mumo, Victor A. Alegana, Ambrose Agweyu, Neema Mturi, Shebe Mohammed, Godfrey Bigogo, Allan Audi, James Kapisi, Asadu Sserwanga, Jane F. Namuganga, Simon Kariuki, Nancy A. Otieno, Bryan O. Nyawanda, Ally Olotu, Nahya Salim, Thabit Athuman, Salim Abdulla, Amina F. Mohamed, George Mtove, Hugh Reyburn, Sunetra Gupta, Jose Lourenco, Philip Bejon, Robert W. Snow
Summary: This study explores the relationship between age patterns of malaria hospitalization and malaria transmission intensity. The results indicate that the majority of malaria admissions occur in children under 5 years old, and in areas with higher transmission intensity, the average age of malaria hospitalization is younger. In moderate and high transmission settings, chemoprevention and vaccines can target a significant proportion of the children in the target age range.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vasile I. Parvulescu, Florence Epron, Hermenegildo Garcia, Pascal Granger
Summary: This review examines the use of catalytic processes in water treatment, exploring their advantages in terms of kinetics of transformation, selectivity, and energy saving. However, implementing these technologies at an industrial scale still faces controversies and limitations. The focus is on solar-driven catalytic technologies and other emerging processes, while also identifying the challenges involved, such as the complexity of systems and the coexistence of various interfaces.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ya-Feng Liu, Wei Wang, Xu-Fang Chen
Summary: Flexible tactile sensors have advantages such as large deformation detection, high fault tolerance, and excellent conformability. They can be applied in various fields, including intelligent wearable devices, medical devices, and consumer products. Understanding the current technological level and future development is crucial for their market deployment.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jana Petruzelova, Jindriska Bojkova, Jan Sychra, Selma de Donnova, Jaroslav Vrba, Vendula Polaskova, Linda Seifert, Vanda Sorfova, Jiri Kopacek
Summary: Chemical reversal has led to the recovery of macroinvertebrates in European freshwaters, but biological recovery is often delayed. A study in the Bohemian Forest showed the accelerated recovery of macroinvertebrate species richness and abundance over two decades. The recovery was influenced by water chemistry, habitat properties, and fish colonization, resulting in changes in community composition. However, recovering lakes still lack certain acid-sensitive and specialized herbivore species.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hang Chi, Jagadeesh S. Moodera
Summary: In this Perspective, an overview of the recent achievements in the quantum anomalous Hall effect as well as the material challenges and opportunities pertaining to engineering intrinsic/interfacial magnetic coupling are provided, which are expected to propel future development in this field.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hassan Ghazal, Yagoub Adam, Abdellah Idrissi Azami, Sofia Sehli, Hannah N. Nyarko, Bouchra Chaouni, Grace Olasehinde, Itunuoluwa Isewon, Marion Adebiyi, Olayinka Ajani, Enock Matovu, Olawole Obembe, Yvonne Ajamma, Gaston Kuzamunu, Samson Pandam Salifu, Jonathan Kayondo, Alia Benkahla, Ezekiel Adebiyi
Summary: The passage discusses the importance of plants in African countries, and the role of genomics and biotechnology in improving the quality and yield of African plants. Significant advances have been made in African genomics research, highlighting challenges such as lack of infrastructure and skills.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V. C. Shruti, Fermin Perez-Guevara, Priyadarsi D. Roy
Summary: This article conducts a systematic review on microplastics in human biological samples, exploring their objectives, current efforts, and key findings. It analyzes research approaches from sampling to detection to quantification of microplastics, provides an overview of their occurrence and characteristics in the human body, and discusses contamination control procedures and prevention measures. The article also offers guidelines on current microplastic research strategies and highlights future directions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
G. K. Ayetor, Joseph Mashele, Innocent Mbonigaba
Summary: Air pollution in Africa caused approximately 1.1 million deaths in 2019, making it the second leading cause of death on the continent. Vehicular emissions, particularly PM2.5, are a major source of air pollution in African cities. This study evaluates the progress of African countries in transitioning to e-mobility up to 2021.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laurissa Suiyanka, Victor A. Alegana, Robert W. Snow
Summary: This study examined the impact of COVID mitigation measures and supply interruptions on the delivery of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets in Western Kenya. The findings showed a decline in monthly distribution and a delay in mass community campaigns.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alice Kamau, Robert S. Paton, Samuel Akech, Arthur Mpimbaza, Cynthia Khazenzi, Morris Ogero, Eda Mumo, Victor A. Alegana, Ambrose Agweyu, Neema Mturi, Shebe Mohammed, Godfrey Bigogo, Allan Audi, James Kapisi, Asadu Sserwanga, Jane F. Namuganga, Simon Kariuki, Nancy A. Otieno, Bryan O. Nyawanda, Ally Olotu, Nahya Salim, Thabit Athuman, Salim Abdulla, Amina F. Mohamed, George Mtove, Hugh Reyburn, Sunetra Gupta, Jose Lourenco, Philip Bejon, Robert W. Snow
Summary: This study explores the relationship between age patterns of malaria hospitalization and malaria transmission intensity. The results indicate that the majority of malaria admissions occur in children under 5 years old, and in areas with higher transmission intensity, the average age of malaria hospitalization is younger. In moderate and high transmission settings, chemoprevention and vaccines can target a significant proportion of the children in the target age range.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Arthur Mpimbaza, Harriet Babikako, Damian Rutazanna, Charles Karamagi, Grace Ndeezi, Anne Katahoire, Jimmy Opigo, Robert W. Snow, Joan N. Kalyango
Summary: The study in the Busoga sub-region of Uganda found good adherence levels to malaria case management guidelines among healthcare workers, with gaps mainly noted in the private sector. The supply chain for artemether-lumefantrine (AL) needs to be strengthened, and interventions to improve practices at private facilities should be intensified.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatrice Amboko, Kasia Stepniewska, Lucas Malla, Beatrice Machini, Philip Bejon, Robert W. Snow, Dejan Zurovac
Summary: This study examined factors associated with health workers' compliance with outpatient malaria case-management guidelines in Africa. Improvements in compliance were found to be associated with factors such as malaria endemicity, type of diagnostic tests stocked, facility ownership, patient caseload, and patient age. Future efforts to improve compliance should focus on targeting low malaria risk areas, improving health workers' knowledge, and potentially task-shifting to community health workers for prompt treatment.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Beatrice Amboko, Beatrice Machini, George Githuka, Philip Bejon, Dejan Zurovac, Robert W. Snow
Summary: The readiness of primary health facilities and health workers in Kenya to provide appropriate pre-referral care for children with severe malaria is inadequate. Further investments and training are needed to improve the situation.
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Victor Osoti, Mercy Akinyi, Kevin Wamae, Kelvin M. Kimenyi, Zaydah de Laurent, Leonard Ndwiga, Paul Gichuki, Collins Okoyo, Stella Kepha, Charles Mwandawiro, Regina Kandie, Philip Bejon, Robert W. Snow, Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier
Summary: Molecular surveillance is crucial for tracking antimalarial resistance, and this study revealed new mutations and resistance trends in Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Kenya. The research provides valuable insights into drug sensitivity and resistance patterns.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Beatrice Amboko, Kasia Stepniewska, Beatrice Machini, Philip Bejon, Robert W. Snow, Dejan Zurovac
Summary: This study examined the factors associated with compliance levels of outpatient malaria 'test and treat' guidelines in Kenyan health facilities. The results showed that geographical factors, institutional ownership, health workers' perception of malaria, supervision with feedback, access to guidelines, and patient symptoms were all factors that influenced compliance. To optimize outpatient malaria case-management, it is important to improve compliance in low-risk areas, ensure the availability of testing and treatment commodities, strengthen health workers' knowledge through training, and provide ongoing supervision and feedback.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Brian Greenwood, Issaka Zongo, Alassane Dicko, Daniel Chandramohan, Robert W. Snow, Christian Ockenhouse
Summary: People in areas with moderate or high malaria prevalence gradually acquire immunity to malaria through repeated exposure. When effective malaria control measures are reduced or withdrawn, there is a risk of rebound malaria, especially if an effective malaria vector remains. This paper discusses the occurrence of delayed malaria and suggests potential measures for reducing its impact.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Manuela Runge, Sumaiyya G. Thawer, Fabrizio Molteni, Frank Chacky, Sigsbert Mkude, Renata Mandike, Robert W. Snow, Christian Lengeler, Ally Mohamed, Emilie Pothin
Summary: Mathematical modelling was used in Tanzania to support the revision of the national malaria strategic plan, helping to select intervention measures based on different risk levels and making predictions on their impact. The simulated revised plan is expected to achieve a slightly lower malaria prevalence in 2020.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alice Kamau, Moses Musau, Grace Mtanje, Christine Mataza, Philip Bejon, Robert W. Snow
Summary: This study examined the impact of long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) use on the prevalence of malaria infections in the Kenyan coastal area. The results showed that LLIN use significantly reduced malaria infections in all age groups.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alice Kamau, Moses Musau, Stella Mwakio, David Amadi, Amek Nyaguara, Philip Bejon, Anna C. Seale, James A. Berkley, Robert W. Snow
Summary: In an area with high levels of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance on the Kenyan coast, intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women with SP continues to be associated with a reduced risk of low birthweight deliveries and stillbirths.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Peter M. Macharia, Nicolas Ray, Caroline W. Gitonga, Robert W. Snow, Emanuele Giorgi
Summary: This paper proposes a modeling framework to overcome the limitations of standard geostatistical methods in mapping disease prevalence. It takes into account the uncertainty in the residence location of students. The study shows that invalid assumptions on the modes of travel to school can affect the predictive performance of geostatistical models.
SPATIAL STATISTICS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sumaiyya G. Thawer, Monica Golumbeanu, Khalifa Munisi, Sijenunu Aaron, Frank Chacky, Samwel Lazaro, Ally Mohamed, Noela Kisoka, Christian Lengeler, Fabrizio Molteni, Amanda Ross, Robert W. Snow, Emilie Pothin
Summary: This paper describes the process of using routine data to develop a high-resolution, micro-stratification risk map in mainland Tanzania for guiding malaria control efforts. By combining various indicators and using school children's prevalence as a benchmark, the study stratified wards into four malaria risk groups, revealing heterogeneity and identifying areas for targeted interventions.
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Samuel Akech, Titus Kwambai, Matthew O. Wiens, Arjun Chandna, James A. Berkley, Robert W. Snow
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geography
Peter M. Macharia, Angela K. Moturi, Eda Mumo, Emanuele Giorgi, Emelda A. Okiro, Robert W. Snow, Nicolas Ray
Summary: Understanding the location of schools relative to the population they serve is important for planning school catchment areas and assessing travel time. This study used a spatio-temporal database to calculate travel time to the nearest school and define school catchment areas in Kenya. The results showed an increase in the number of primary schools and a reduction in average travel time between 2009 and 2020. Nationally, 89% of school-going children were within a 24-minute catchment area.
CHILDRENS GEOGRAPHIES
(2023)
