Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Willem Staels, Raphael Scharfmann
Summary: The endocrine pancreas is made up of islets of Langerhans containing multiple hormone-producing cell types. Research has shown that endocrine progenitors can differentiate into various lineages, but the regulation of fate choice for certain cell types remains incompletely understood.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaison Joseph, Hari Sankar, Gloria Benny, Devaki Nambiar
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the inclusiveness of COVID-19 management in Kerala and examine if and how the needs of those left behind in testing, care, treatment, and vaccination efforts were addressed. Interviews with 80 participants revealed that the government prioritized the health needs of vulnerable groups and provided support like food and transportation. However, innovative mechanisms are needed to address the needs of other overlooked populations, such as coastal fisherfolk and migrant laborers.
Article
Cell Biology
Joao E. Carvalho, Francois Lahaye, Luok Wen Yong, Jenifer C. Croce, Hector Escriva, Jr-Kai Yu, Michael Schubert
Summary: Chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata, Tunicata, and Cephalochordata. Phylogenetically, Cephalochordata, commonly known as lancelets, are closely related to Vertebrata and Tunicata. Despite being important models for understanding the evolutionary history of chordates, there is still no universally adopted staging system and nomenclature for developing lancelets. In this study, the development of the European lancelet was characterized and a streamlined developmental staging system was proposed, which could be applicable to other lancelet species.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Evgeniy A. Redekop, Gregory S. Yablonsky, John T. Gleaves
Summary: Understanding and mastering Transient Kinetics in multi-scale transport-reaction systems used in catalysis is a significant challenge in chemical science and engineering. This perspective highlights key findings from experiments conducted in Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) Reactor Systems over several decades, encompassing various spatial and temporal scales, as well as different ensembles of reactors, ranging from individual catalytic particles to fully packed beds. Conclusions are summarized and new horizons are identified.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Philip R. Krause, Thomas R. Fleming, Ira M. Longini, Richard Peto, Valerie Beral, Balram Bhargava, Alejandro Cravioto, Jakob P. Cramer, Susan S. Ellenberg, J. Peter Figueroa, Elizabeth Halloran, Ana M. Henao-Restrepo, Michael J. Ryan, Myron M. Levine, Martha Nason, Hanna M. Nohynek, Stanley Plotkin, Helen Rees, Jerome A. Singh, Soumya Swaminathan
Summary: Continued follow-up of placebo recipients, use of placebo controls in large safety trials, and evaluation of clinical data from randomized trials can address important Covid-19 control needs.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Scott Denning
Summary: Carbon, as one of the most abundant substances in the universe, plays a vital role in biochemistry. Complex interactions between carbon and climate have stabilized the Earth system. While carbon sinks in both land and oceans help slow the increase of CO2 and global warming, they are at risk of weakening or reversing with climate warming and emission reductions.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thomas H. Payne, Carolyn Keller, Pallavi Arora, Allison Brusati, Jesse Levin, Monica Salgaonkar, Xi Li, Jennifer Zech, A. Fischer Lees
Summary: Hospital progress notes vary greatly in length and are often signed and read late in the day, showing a correlation between signing time and reading frequency. The value of note content can differ based on the professional role of the reader. Therefore, measuring note length, signing time, reading time, and content will be important metrics for evaluating the use of the new electronic health record system.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andrew K. C. Wong, Pei-Yuan Zhou, Annie E. -S. Lee
Summary: This paper introduces a revolutionary machine learning paradigm, pattern discovery and disentanglement (PDD), which disentangles association patterns in the data and provides a comprehensive knowledge system. It can associate patterns with distinct primary sources, discover rare/imbalanced groups, detect anomalies, and organize knowledge for statistically supported interpretability. Case studies have validated its capabilities in revealing pattern-source relations and underlying factors for causal inference in healthcare, addressing concerns of interpretability, trust, and reliability in applying ML.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lavender Yao Jiang, Xujin Chris Liu, Nima Pour Nejatian, Mustafa Nasir-Moin, Duo Wang, Anas Abidin, Kevin Eaton, Howard Antony Riina, Ilya Laufer, Paawan Punjabi, Madeline Miceli, Nora C. Kim, Cordelia Orillac, Zane Schnurman, Christopher Livia, Hannah Weiss, David Kurland, Sean Neifert, Yosef Dastagirzada, Douglas Kondziolka, Alexander T. M. Cheung, Grace Yang, Ming Cao, Mona Flores, Anthony B. Costa, Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs, Kyunghyun Cho, Eric Karl Oermann
Summary: Clinical language models trained on unstructured clinical notes can be used as all-purpose clinical predictive engines, providing guidance and improving prediction accuracy compared to traditional models. The models can be easily developed and deployed, with potential for generalizability to different healthcare systems.
Article
Psychiatry
Sudan Prasad Neupane, Lars Mehlum
Summary: In this study, we aimed to investigate differences between adolescents with non-suicidal self-harm with and without a history of suicide attempt (SA). Our findings showed that adolescents with an SA history tend to use more methods and more lethal methods of self-harm, and they also exhibit higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems. SA history is associated with perceived risk of death, longer duration since self-harm debut, and severity of suicidal ideation. The combination of high levels of psychopathology, externalizing problems, an extended history of self-harm behavior, and use of more lethal methods increases the risk of suicide attempts among adolescents with non-suicidal self-harm.
ARCHIVES OF SUICIDE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Martin Ragusaa, Fernando Tortosaa, Gabriel Radab, Camilo Vergarab, Leslie Zaragozaa, Jenee Farrella, Marcela Torresa, Veronica Abdalaa, Ariel Izcovicha, Michelle Habya, Holger J. Schunemannc, Sebastian Garcia-Saisoa, Ludovic Reveiza
Summary: This article describes the establishment and maintenance of a living database of recommendations developed by the PAHO/WHO using the GRADE assessment system. The database provides a valuable resource for health professionals and organizations to make evidence-informed decisions. It allows searching and filtering recommendations by various criteria.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Martin Burgess, Helen Holmes, Maria Sharmina, Michael P. Shaver
Summary: The use of plastics in the UK is increasingly demonised, with public campaigns advocating for recyclable cups and the elimination of plastic straws. However, despite efforts from retailers and the UK Plastics Pact, domestic collection rates for discarded plastics remain low. Research suggests that rapid progress in standardisation, infrastructure investment, cross-supply chain business models, and higher value recyclate is needed to significantly improve recycling rates. A harmonised national solution to plastic waste sorting, while maintaining value in discarded plastics, could serve as a best-practice model for other regions.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Martin Aumuller, Sariel Har-Peled, Sepideh Mahabadi, Rasmus Pagh, Francesco Silvestri
Summary: This paper studies the r-NN problem based on individual fairness and equal opportunities, and proposes efficient data structures to achieve fairness. The approach can be applied to other areas and the experimental evaluation demonstrates the performance of the algorithms.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Paula M. Cuccaro, Jihye Choi, Efrat K. Gabay, J. Michael Wilkerson, Diane Santa Maria, Sanghamitra M. Misra, Mayra Aguilar McBride, Sally W. Vernon
Summary: The Community Preventive Services Task Force endorses vaccination programs in schools to increase access to vaccinations. Implementing a school-based approach requires coordination, planning, and resources.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Valeria Galli, Sunil Kumar Sailapu, Tyler J. Cuthbert, Chakaveh Ahmadizadeh, Brett C. Hannigan, Carlo Menon
Summary: Mobile health technology and wearable sensors allow continuous monitoring of movement and biophysical parameters. Textile-based wearable devices are being developed to integrate circuitry for wireless communication. This paper presents a smart garment that senses movement and wirelessly transmits data in real time.