Article
Pediatrics
Shan He, Gang Liu, Xueping Zhu
Summary: This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of human breast milk-derived exosomes in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis by reducing inflammation and injury, and restoring intestinal tight-junction proteins.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Judith C. W. de Jong, Noortje Ijssennagger, Saskia W. C. van Mil
Summary: NEC, a deadly inflammatory disease of the preterm intestine, is likely triggered by a damaged epithelial layer due to incomplete maturation of different cell lineages. Dysregulation of Wnt and Notch signaling pathways by Toll-like-receptor-4 hyperactivation is observed in NEC. Breastfeeding decreases the risk of NEC, and interventions targeting these pathways may reduce the risk of NEC development in preterm infants.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juhi Shah, Brian Sims, Colin Martin
Summary: This article discusses the presence, composition, functions, and potential clinical applications of milk-derived exosomes. Research has shown that exosomes from milk have therapeutic effects on pediatric diseases and their sources and functions need to be further understood and studied.
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Richard Y. Wu, Bo Li, Rachael G. Horne, Abdalla Ahmed, Dorothy Lee, Shaiya C. Robinson, Haitao Zhu, Marissa Cadete, Mashriq Alganabi, Rachel Filler, Kathene C. Johnson-Henry, Paul Delgado-Olguin, Agostino Pierro, Philip M. Sherman
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal emergency that affects premature infants. Breastmilk helps prevent NEC, in part due to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). This study found that different structural HMOs have varying effects on intestinal physiology, with unique mechanisms of action, providing a functional framework for screening and designing HMO-like compounds.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Joseph A. Asaro, Zarak Khan, Mariana Brewer, Karen Klose, Cynthia Pesce, Richard J. Schanler, Champa N. Codipilly
Summary: The study showed that feeding preterm infants with mother's own milk can increase fecal concentrations of MFG-E8 and decrease concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating its anti-inflammatory effects.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nadine Scholten, Alicia Fitzgerald, Katja Matthias, Mi-Ran Okumu, Tim Ohnhaeuser, Katharina Schmitz, Christine Schreiner, Isabella Schwab, Anna Stirner, Ricarda Wullenkord, Till Dresbach, Andreas Mueller, Till Dresbach, Martin Hellmich, Nicole Ernstmann, Antje Hammer, Friederike Eyssel, Angela Kribs, Juliane Koeberlein-Neu, Katharina Lugani, Eva Mildenberger, Jens Ulrich Rueffer, Katja Matthias, Anne Sunder-Plassmann, Daniel Wiesen, Dirk Horenkamp-Sonntag, Melanie Klein
Summary: Mother's own milk is the optimal nutrition for newborns, especially preterm infants with very low birth weight. If unavailable, human donor milk is the preferred alternative. Providing structured breastfeeding and lactation support, as well as promoting the establishment of human donor milk banks, is crucial for mothers of preterm infants who often struggle with insufficient milk production.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dandan Mo, Chun Deng, Bailin Chen, Xionghui Ding, Qin Deng, Hongjie Guo, Gongli Chen, Cuilian Ye, Chunbao Guo
Summary: The study found that PGE2, EP4, and COX-2 varied in different distances from the most damaged area in the terminal ileum of NEC infants. PGE2 administration alleviated the phenotype of NEC and improved intestinal microvascular features, but this effect was inhibited by eNOS depletion. PGE2 also promoted MIMEC proliferation and increased VEGF content, which was mediated by EP4 and blocked by EP4 antagonist.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Shetal Shah, Emily Miller, Allison Rose, Krystle Perez
Summary: Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) has been shown to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. However, lack of Medicaid and private insurance coverage for PDHM use in neonatal intensive care units leads to disparities based on birth state and socioeconomic status. Through collaboration between local and national American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) chapters, a PDHM Advocacy Toolkit was created to promote Medicaid coverage. Over 5 years, advocacy efforts led by neonatologists and incentivized by AAP funds resulted in 5 additional states providing Medicaid payment for PDHM, increasing the coverage to over 55% of nationally born very low birth weight infants. This case study provides a template for other pediatric specialists to advocate for niche-focused issues at the state level.
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Lin Yan, Xiao-Chen Liu, Yu-Ni Zhang, Ting-Ting Du, Qing Ai, Xiong Gao, Jing-Li Yang, Lei Bao, Lu-Quan Li
Summary: This study found that succinate plays an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis, and the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway may lead to disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Changchang Fu, Wenqiang Sun, Xingyun Wang, Xueping Zhu
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disorder in newborns, with a mortality rate of 20% to 30%. Existing therapeutic approaches for NEC are limited in effectiveness. Factors such as disruption of barrier function, dysregulation of the intestinal immune system, and abnormal colonization of the intestinal microbiota contribute to the development of NEC. Human breast milk (HBM) has been of interest for its potential therapeutic effects against NEC, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to comprehensively review the bioactive substances in HBM to aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NEC.
EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jogender Kumar, Jitendra Meena, Ankit Ranjan, Praveen Kumar
Summary: This systematic review examined the effect of oropharyngeal application of colostrum or mother's own milk on preterm infants, and found that it can reduce the risk of infection and necrotizing enterocolitis, and has benefits in early feeding.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Wenjuan Chen, Xiaohui Chen, Yun Qian, Xingyun Wang, Yahui Zhou, Xiangyun Yan, Boshi Yu, Shuwen Yao, Zhangbin Yu, Jingai Zhu, Shuping Han
Summary: The study reveals the complexity of lipid expression profiles in exosomes derived from preterm and term human milk. The top 50 lipids identified in the exosomes regulate intestinal epithelial cell function via the ERK/MAPK pathway, providing novel mechanistic insight on how human milk prevents the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Erin Grace, Cathie Hilditch, Judith Gomersall, Carmel T. Collins, Alice Rumbold, Amy K. Keir
Summary: The study found that using human milk-based fortifiers reduced the risk of necrotising enterocolitis compared to cow's milk-based fortifiers. However, there was no clear evidence of an effect on late-onset sepsis or other outcomes. The overall quality of evidence was considered to be low due to imprecision and lack of blinding in one study.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Dhirendra K. Singh, Claire M. Miller, Kelly A. Orgel, Mili Dave, Stephen Mackay, Misty Good
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial disease that mainly affects the intestines of premature infants. Recent research has improved our understanding of risk factors and the cellular and genetic mechanisms involved in NEC. Maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, feeding, hypoxia, and altered gut microbiota have all been found to pose a threat to the underdeveloped immunity of preterm infants. This review discusses the predisposing factors, immune responses, microbial pathogenesis, as well as new research techniques and models for studying NEC and potential treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Yasser Elsayed, Mary Seshia
Summary: Clinical management of gut injury remains challenging due to the lack of defined diagnostic criteria. This report introduces an integrated approach using intestinal ultrasound as the primary assessment tool along with other clinical and biochemical markers. This algorithm improves the quality of care, provides more accurate diagnosis of NEC, and differentiates other types of gut injury.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marijn A. Scheijde-Vermeulen, Lennart A. Kester, Liset Westera, Bastiaan B. J. Tops, Friederike A. G. Meyer-Wentrup
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of integrating state-of-the-art sequencing techniques and flow cytometry into the diagnostic workup of pediatric lymphoma. The results showed that this integration is not only feasible but also provides additional diagnostic information.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Enrico Berrino, Sara Erika Bellomo, Anita Chesta, Paolo Detillo, Alberto Bragoni, Amedeo Gagliardi, Alessio Naccarati, Matteo Cereda, Gianluca Witel, Anna Sapino, Benedetta Bussolati, Gianni Bussolati, Caterina Marchi
Summary: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are crucial for tissue-based analysis in precision medicine, but the quality of these samples can affect the reliability of sequencing data. The use of acid-deprived fixatives guarantees the highest DNA preservation and sequencing performance, enabling more complex molecular profiling of tissue samples.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roope A. Kallionpaa, Sirkku Peltonen, Kim My Le, Eija Martikkala, Mira Jaaskelainen, Elnaz Fazeli, Pilvi Riihila, Pekka Haapaniemi, Anne Rokka, Marko Salmi, Ilmo Leivo, Juha Peltonen
Summary: This study investigated the immune microenvironment of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). The results showed that cNFs have substantial populations of T cells and macrophages, which may be tumor-specific. T cell populations in cNFs were found to be different from those in the skin, and cNFs exhibited lower expression of proteins related to T cell-mediated immunity compared to the skin.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2024)