Article
Food Science & Technology
Isabelle Lee, Mihwa Na, Maura Lavelle, Anne Marie Api
Summary: Some fragrance ingredients may have potential skin sensitization risks, but QRA helps determine safe levels for consumer products. NESIL serves as the starting point, with sensitivity assessment factors determining acceptable exposure levels. WoE NESIL can be derived using various data, with read-across or exposure waiving threshold used when data is insufficient.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jinhua Cheng, Bing Wang, Chenxi Cao, Ziqiang Lang
Summary: In recent years, there has been increased attention on transportation accidents involving hazardous materials. Previous studies mainly focused on single-vehicle accidents. However, when vehicles carrying hazardous materials gather on a road, potential domino accidents can occur and lead to severe incidents. This paper proposes a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model that uses a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to calculate the probability of leakage and explosion of hazardous chemicals. The model also uses event trees to analyze different scenarios and the probability of domino accidents caused by each scenario. The FN-curve and potential loss of life (PLL) are utilized as metrics to evaluate social risk. A case study in the JinShan District, Shanghai, involving multiple vehicles is analyzed, and the results show that the driver's state, road type, weather factors, and vehicle distance have significant impacts on the societal risk associated with hazardous materials transportation accidents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alvaro Hernandez-Baez, Esperanza Susana Torres, Rafael Amaya-Gomez, Diego Pradilla
Summary: Pipeline is a safe and cost-effective means of hydrocarbon transportation, but incidents of hydrocarbon releases, fires, and explosions are persistent. This study proposes a methodology for quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of onshore oil pipelines, focusing on individual and societal risk indicators. The methodology is applied to a 17.53 km segment of an oil pipeline in Colombia, considering different fire scenarios. The results reveal that the individual risk for workers is tolerable, but for people living nearby, it is classified as unacceptable. The societal risk indicates the need for relocating nearby populations.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed Nabawy, Laila M. Khodeir
Summary: This study aims to provide specific guidelines for the efficient application of quantitative risk analysis in infrastructure projects, improving contractors' practices in the face of uncertainty during construction. The findings show that the Monte Carlo analysis technique is an efficient quantitative technique supporting project managers in allocating deviations, while sensitivity analysis technique helps in identifying the most critical activities driving project delivery failure.
AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hellas Mohamed Seddik, Chaib Rachid
Summary: The disadvantage of using dependability and especially the QRA method is the data imperfection and lack of robustness in the results due to subjective estimations. This subjectivity is caused by various factors such as the number of components, connections, and interactions in the system, as well as physical factors and environmental influences. Although the QRA method is effective, its application is time-consuming and requires competent specialists. Soft computing approaches, such as fuzzy sets and logic, can be used to improve the objectivity and effectiveness of QRA by dealing with uncertainties.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ali Erdogan Karaca, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The study developed and evaluated a hybrid CNG-pneumatic powertrain concept for buses, comparing it with various powering options. Results showed that the hybrid CNG-pneumatic bus performed well in CO2 emission and operational reliability.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Benjamin C. Remington, Joseph Baumert, W. Marty Blom, Luca Bucchini, Neil Buck, Rene Crevel, Fleur De Mooij, Simon Flanagan, James Hindley, Bushra Javed, Despoina Angeliki Stavropoulou, Myrthe W. van den Dungen, Marjan van Ravenhorst, Si Wang, Michael Walker
Summary: This article provides an introduction to quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for allergens and discusses the steps and methods involved in conducting such assessments. It also introduces the work of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI Europe) Expert Group in developing methodologies and implementation guidelines for allergen QRA by food business operators. The focus of the research includes proactive assessments and reactive assessments.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabrizio Pappalardo, Alberto Moscatello, Gianmario Ledda, Anna Chiara Uggenti, Raffaella Gerboni, Andrea Carpignano, Francesco Di Maio, Riccardo Mereu, Enrico Zio
Summary: This study addressed a major concern related to using CFD tools for accident simulation and proposed a procedure for Uncertainty Quantification. The procedure is used to propagate to a set of risk measures to support decision-making.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Abdon Dantas, David Banh, Philip Heywood, Miguel Amado
Summary: By the end of 2020, over 80 million people were forcibly displaced globally and many found shelter in emergency settlements, ranging from refugee camps to community settlements. Despite the diversity in size, structure, and nature, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of these settlements. This study aims to identify the distinctiveness of each type of emergency settlement through quantitative analysis to develop more personalized planning and management strategies.
Article
Architecture
Hung-Chieh Chung, Miho Seike, Nobuyoshi Kawabata, Masato Hasegawa, Shen-Wen Chien, Tzu-Sheng Shen
Summary: By studying the 2012 Hsuehshan tunnel fire in Taiwan, the research investigated the actual bus evacuation flow rate in different evacuation scenarios. The findings suggest that different evacuation situations exhibit varying flow rates, which can be valuable for reliable tunnel fire safety assessment.
JOURNAL OF ASIAN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ahmad Al-Douri, Andres Ruiz-Tagle, Katrina M. Groth
Summary: In this study, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted to analyze the potential risks and reliability of hydrogen fuel cell forklifts. The results showed that the fatal accident rate of hydrogen forklifts is significantly higher than current rates for industrial truck operators. However, the individual risk for forklift drivers was found to be tolerable. Suggestions for improving design and reliability were also provided to mitigate these risks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shentong Ni, Yang Tang, Guorong Wang, Liu Yang, Bo Lei, Zhidong Zhang
Summary: Equipment failure risk identification and risk assessment are crucial for offshore platform equipment integrity management. This paper proposes a new quantitative risk assessment method based on fuzzy set theory, gray correlation analysis, and fuzzy Borda method. The proposed method effectively captures and aggregates diversity evaluations of FMECA team members and solves the existing issues in quantitative risk assessment. It provides a reference for maintenance decision-making in complex industrial systems.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Choong-Hee Han, ChangHee Han
Summary: The existing information security risk assessment methods analyze information assets using mathematics, statistics, and computer science, but they do not completely address the risks posed by invisible cyber threats. Further research and efforts are needed to enhance the current risk assessment methodology, with a focus on cyber threat blockade and the operation of security equipment. The paper proposes a new intrinsic risk assessment method that evaluates the risk level of cyber threats' influx path and the level of defense systems required to handle or quarantine threats that have entered inside.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Amr Elsayegh, Islam H. El-adaway
Summary: This paper examines the impact of collaborative planning practices on cost and schedule performance in the AEC industry. The authors analyze the risks associated with collaborative planning, develop a framework for predicting performance impacts, and discuss the top risks affecting project performance.
JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Eyad Aboseif, Awad S. S. Hanna
Summary: This research aims to establish a unified project performance score (PPS) for assessing and comparing projects performance. By collecting data and developing a model, the authors identified the key factors that affect project performance and showcased the capabilities and applications of this score system. This score system is of great significance for decision making and performance improvement.
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
