Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Frederick K. Ho, Carlos Celis-Morales, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Solange Liliana Parra-Soto, James Lewsey, Daniel Mackay, Jill P. Pell
Summary: The study found that the mortality rate attributable to smoking has decreased in recent years, while the mortality rate attributable to adiposity (overweight or obesity) has increased, especially among middle-aged and elderly populations.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah Gao, Julia K. Rohr, Immaculata de Vivo, Michele Ramsay, Nancy Krieger, Chodziwadziwa W. Kabudula, Meagan T. Farrell, Darina T. Bassil, Nigel W. Harriman, Diana Corona-Perez, Katarina Pesic, Lisa F. Berkman
Summary: Telomere length is correlated with age, sex, cardiometabolic disease, and mortality in older adults in rural South Africa, confirming similar relationships observed in high-income countries.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Hui Liu, Wenjie Shi, Zhi Jin, Rui Zhuo, Jie Dong, Qiufeng Lao, Shengle Li, Weiyi Pang
Summary: The mortality rate of female breast cancer (FBC) has decreased over the last three decades, largely due to a reduction in alcohol and tobacco-related FBC. However, FBC attributable to high BMI and high FPG has been increasing, highlighting the need for more effective prevention strategies for obesity and diabetes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Simon Toupance, Sofia I. Karampatsou, Carlos Labat, Sofia-Maria Genitsaridi, Athanasia Tragomalou, Penio Kassari, George Soulis, Allyson Hollander, Evangelia Charmandari, Athanase Benetos
Summary: In adults, short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with metabolic disorders, and this association may be influenced by early life interactions between LTL and metabolic disorders. In children, obesity and metabolic disturbances are associated with shorter telomeres, but not with more pronounced LTL attrition.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Qiufen Sun, Dongmei Yu, Junning Fan, Canqing Yu, Yu Guo, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Huaidong Du, Xiaoming Yang, Sam Sansome, Yongming Wang, Wenhua Zhao, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Liyun Zhao, Jun Lv, Liming Li
Summary: This study investigated the association between healthy lifestyles and life expectancy in Chinese adults. The findings suggest that adopting healthy lifestyle factors could lead to substantial gains in life expectancy in the Chinese population.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sarah K. Abe, Saki Narita, Eiko Saito, Norie Sawada, Taichi Shimazu, Atsushi Goto, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane
Summary: A study on over 92,000 subjects found that lower BMI may be associated with an increased risk of smoking-related lung cancer in men, with certain subtypes of lung cancer being affected.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Byung Kyu Park, Jeong Hun Seo, Jae Bock Chung, Jung Kyu Choi
Summary: The study revealed that smoking, obesity, and diabetes are significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer in the Korean population. Lifestyle modifications targeting smoking cessation and weight management could be beneficial for pancreatic cancer prevention.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anastasia Parthymou, Evagelia E. Habeos, George Habeos, Apostolos Deligakis, Ektoras Livieratos, Markos Marangos, Dionysios Chartoumpekis
Summary: Age, male gender, and tobacco use are negatively associated with antibody titres after COVID-19 vaccination, but our data showed no clear correlation with vitamin D levels.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shaun Scholes, Linda Ng Fat, Jennifer S. Mindell
Summary: The study found that hypertension remained stable among men with normal weight but decreased among men with obesity. Total diabetes and raised total cholesterol increased among adults with obesity, indicating the importance of national prevention efforts to combat the public health impact of excess adiposity.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shan-shan Yang, Yao He, Lin Xu, Yali Jin, Wei-sen Zhang, Chao-qiang Jiang, Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam
Summary: Genome-wide association studies have identified the BDNF locus on chromosome 11 as the only SNP associated with both smoking behavior and body mass index in multiple populations. This study reveals a unique genetic predisposition to obesity in former smokers with certain BDNF SNPs, particularly in heavy smokers. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Raffaella Cancello, Federica Rey, Stephana Carelli, Stefania Cattaldo, Jacopo Maria Fontana, Ilaria Goitre, Valentina Ponzo, Fabio Dario Merlo, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Simona Bertoli, Paolo Capodaglio, Simona Bo, Amelia Brunani
Summary: This study examined the changes in telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in obese patients after a one-year lifestyle intervention. The results showed that patients with lower baseline TL values had significant increases in TL and mtDNA copy number after the intervention, along with weight loss, reduction in fat mass, increase in fat-free mass, and improvement in total antioxidant capacity.
Article
Respiratory System
E. Cordoba-Lanus, S. Cazorla-Rivero, M. A. Garcia-Bello, D. Mayato, F. Gonzalvo, J. Ayra-Plasencia, B. Celli, C. Casanova
Summary: The study reveals that in COPD patients, telomere length shortens with age, and accelerated telomere shortening over time is associated with worsening pulmonary gas exchange, lung hyperinflation, and extrapulmonary affection. Additionally, persistently shorter telomeres increase the risk of all-cause mortality in these patients.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tara S. Kim, Mitchell Roslin, Jason J. Wang, Jamie Kane, Jamie S. Hirsch, Eun Ji Kim
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 who were overweight or obese had an increased risk of requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, while underweight and obese patients had an increased risk of death. Pulmonary complications seem to be significant contributors to poor outcomes in COVID-19 infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Agostino Accardo, Giulia Silveri, Milos Ajcevic, Aleksandar Miladinovic, Lorenzo Pascazio
Summary: The study analyzed the influence of smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia on the circadian heart rate rhythm in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, showing specific patterns of heart rate changes in different risk factor groups.
Review
Psychiatry
Nour Shaheen, Ahmed Shaheen, Rehab Adel Diab, Abdelrahman M. Saad, Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab, Sama Soliman, Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy, Alaa Ramadan, Mostafa Meshref, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
Summary: This study demonstrates a correlation between smoking and serum leptin/ghrelin levels, which explains smoking's effect on body weight.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hanna R. Ohman, Helena Karppinen, Tuuli E. Lehti, Mia T. Knuutila, Reijo Tilvis, Timo Strandberg, Hannu Kautiainen, Kaisu H. Pitkala
Summary: Independent cohorts of people aged 75-85 have shown improvements in functional abilities and health over the past three decades, particularly in mobility and psychological well-being. However, similar improvements were not found among those aged 90 and above.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ilse Reinders, Marjolein Visser, Satu K. Jyvakorpi, Riikka T. Niskanen, Judith E. Bosmans, Angela Jornada Ben, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Lothar D. Kuijper, Margreet R. Olthof, Kaisu H. Pitkala, Rachel Vijlbrief, Merja H. Suominen, Hanneke A. H. Wijnhoven
Summary: In older adults, dietary advice to increase protein intake shows positive effects on improving walking time and leg strength, and is considered cost-effective from a societal perspective.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kaisu H. Pitkala, Timo E. Strandberg
Summary: Randomised controlled trials provide the best evidence for treatments and management, but older people have traditionally been excluded due to various factors. Recruitment and retention of older participants are challenging, and other issues can lead to biased intervention effects. However, RCTs in geriatrics should still be promoted as reliable evidence is needed for the successful treatment and management of older people.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mervi Rantsi, Kaisu H. Pitkala, Hannu Kautiainen, Virva Hyttinen, Eila Kankaanpaa
Summary: This study analyzed the economic impact of an educational intervention on potentially inappropriate medication use in older people. The results showed that the educational intervention was less costly but less effective in terms of quality-adjusted life years compared to usual treatment. However, there were uncertainties in the results.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tuuli E. Lehti, Mia Knuutila, Hanna Ohman, Hannu Kautiainen, Helena Karppinen, Reijo Tilvis, Timo Strandberg, Kaisu H. Pitkala
Summary: This study evaluated changes in symptom burden among home-dwelling older adults in 2019 and 2021 using Finnish cohort data. The results showed an increase in symptom burden during this time period. The most common symptoms were joint pain, back pain, urinary incontinence, and fatigue. Higher age, reduced functional capacity, and comorbidities were associated with an increased symptom burden, while psychological well-being was associated with a lower likelihood of acquiring additional symptoms.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Martyna Zorawna, Paivi Mantyla, Kaisu Pitkala, Merja H. Suominen, Hannu Kautiainen, Riitta K. T. Saarela, Kaija Hiltunen
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between occlusal status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term care facility residents. The results showed that occlusal status of partial or complete denture/s with or without natural teeth or natural teeth with 10 or more occlusal contact units was associated with higher HRQoL.
JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hanna-Maria Roitto, Ulla L. L. Aalto, Hanna Ohman, Riitta K. T. Saarela, Hannu Kautiainen, Karoliina Salminen, Kaisu H. H. Pitkala
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between medication use and the incidence of falls, related consequences, and all-cause mortality among long-term care residents. The results showed that polypharmacy, opioid and anticholinergic medication use were closely associated with increased fall rates in long-term care. Additionally, the use of more than 10 medications predicted higher all-cause mortality. It is important to pay special attention to both the type and number of medications when prescribing for long-term care.
Article
Microbiology
Nele Fogelholm, Jaakko Leskela, Muhammed Manzoor, Jacob Holmer, Susanna Paju, Kaija Hiltunen, Hanna-Maria Roitto, Riitta Kt Saarela, Kaisu Pitkala, Maria Eriksdotter, Kare Buhlin, Pirkko J. Pussinen, Paivi Mantyla
Summary: Oral health and declining cognition may have a bi-directional association. The composition of the subgingival microbiota was analyzed in subjects with normal cognition to severe cognitive decline. The study found that certain taxa of oral bacteria were associated with the MMSE score, and Lachnospiraceae [XIV] increased with decreasing MMSE. Impaired cognition is accompanied by changes in the composition of the oral microbiota, highlighting the importance of oral health-care practices among older adults.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mia Knuutila, Anu Jansson, Laura Rautiainen, Kaisu H. Pitkala
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Satu K. Jyvakorpi, Riikka T. Niskanen, Marianna Markkanen, Karoliina Salminen, Timo Sibakov, Kaity-Marin Lehtonen, Susanna Kunvik, Kaisu H. Pitkala, Anu M. Turpeinen, Merja H. Suominen
Summary: This study aimed to test whether a snack product high in MFGM and protein could improve physical performance in older women. The results indicate that the combination of MFGM and protein may improve the physical performance-related balance of older women.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ulla L. Aalto, Mia Knuutila, Tuuli Lehti, Anu Jansson, Hannu Kautiainen, Hanna Ohman, Timo Strandberg, Kaisu H. Pitkala
Summary: Recently, the concept of successful ageing has shifted from healthy ageing to active ageing, which emphasizes the subjective perspective. This study aims to identify the determinants of being actively engaged in life (BAEL), explore the changes in BAEL over 3 decades, and investigate the prognostic value of BAEL.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
K. Jyvakorpi Satu, H. Suominen Merja, E. Strandberg Timo, Karoliina Salminen, T. Niskanen Riikka, Hanna-Maria Roitto, K. T. Saarela Riitta, H. Pitkala Kaisu
Summary: The study aimed to compare and describe the detailed dietary fat intake, fat quality, and associated factors among residents in long-term care facilities at two different time points, and to reflect the correspondence between fat composition and fat quality with current nutrition recommendations. The results showed a deterioration in the fat quality of long-term care residents, despite official recommendations, between the two measurement points.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ulla L. Aalto, Kaisu H. Pitkala, Karen Andersen-Ranberg, Sylvie Bonin-Guillaume, Alfonso Jose Cruz-Jentoft, Maria Eriksdotter, Adam L. Gordon, Markus Gosch, Iva Holmerova, Hannu Kautiainen, Miia Kivipelto, Jurate Macijauskiene, Desmond O'Neill, Nele van den Noortgate, Anette H. Ranhoff, Jos M. G. A. Schols, Katrin Singler, Mindaugas Stankunas, Joseph G. Ouslander
Summary: There is significant variation in the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 in nursing homes among different countries. We found a significant correlation between COVID-19 deaths in nursing homes and the total population's COVID-19 deaths, as well as the average size of nursing homes.
EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
S. K. Jyvakorpi, M. Lindstrom, M. H. Suominen, H. Kautiainen, K. Salminen, R. T. Niskanen, K. H. Pitkala, H-M Roitto
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, and how gender modifies this relationship among long-term care facility residents. The study found that frail residents had lower body mass index, muscle mass, poorer nutritional status, cognition, and lower health-related quality of life compared to prefrail residents. Women had higher fat mass, while men exhibited higher muscle mass. Moreover, muscle mass was positively correlated with health-related quality of life in both men and women.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Riitta K. T. Saarela, Kaija Hiltunen, Hannu Kautiainen, Hanna-Maria Roitto, Paivi Mantyla, Kaisu H. Pitkala
Summary: This study evaluated the oral hygiene level of older residents in long-term care facilities and its association with oral health status, need for oral treatment, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Findings showed that poor oral hygiene was associated with higher oral inflammation burden, poorer cognitive status, and lower HRQoL. Improvements in oral hygiene, oral health, and HRQoL could be achieved with caregiver education, professional cooperation, and regular oral healthcare for older residents in long-term care facilities.
EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
(2022)