Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yingzhi Gu, Yuxing Bai, Xianju Xie
Summary: In dental research, bite force is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of tooth restoration, periodontal treatment, and orthodontic treatment. Various devices, such as strain gauge transducers and piezoelectric transducers, are used to measure bite force. This allows physicians to objectively assess treatment effects by monitoring dynamic changes in bite force and occlusal contact.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kai Ding, Yanbin Zhu, Yifan Zhang, Yonglong Li, Haicheng Wang, Jiaxing Li, Wei Chen, Qi Zhang, Yingze Zhang
Summary: This study found that the PFBN is more effective than CSs and DHSs in stabilizing femoral neck fractures. The PFBN can reduce stress concentration and improve both fracture section and overall stability, making it more in line with the biomechanical characteristics of the proximal femur.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mingpo Zheng, Zhifeng Liu, Magd Abdel Wahab, Xing Yan, Wentao Chen, Chao Li
Summary: The influence of various factors on the mechanical properties of bolted joints was investigated using finite element analysis. Different analysis steps were considered to simulate the actual assembly and loading process. The results showed different stages of performance under transverse loading, which agrees with previous experimental results. The force-displacement curves provided parameters for characterizing the mechanical properties of the bolted joint.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Junwei Chen, Xiaoping Zhou, Wuwen Yao, Weiyi Zi
Summary: In this paper, an analytical displacement solution at the point of the application of a concentrated force is derived using elastic mechanics, and a method of simulating concentrated forces in finite element analysis is developed. The method considers the effect of the direction of the concentrated forces and is shown to be convergent, accurate, and feasible for obtaining satisfactory results through numerical tests.
ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zhenmeng Cui, Liang Han, Guancheng Dong, Yangzhen Gao, Shuaishuai Fan
Summary: Scraping is a metalworking method that involves manual operation to achieve good flatness, low friction, and lubricating properties on metal surfaces. This study focuses on developing a scraping force prediction model using kinematics, material properties, and size effects. The results provide a basis for real-time monitoring and optimization of scraping parameters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Saira Tariq, Faisal Khan, Basharat Ullah, Niaz Muhammad, Baheej Alghamdi
Summary: This article presents and analyzes a novel flux-switching permanent magnet linear machine with a partitioned stator (FSPMLM-PS). The machine has the advantages of high thrust force density and high cost efficiency for short-stroke applications. The performance of the machine is improved after optimization, and it outperforms the conventional FSPMLM given in the literature in terms of thrust force density.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Orlando Santiago Jr, Rosana C. Cruz, Thiago Henrique R. Da Cunha, Rodrigo G. Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius L. Ferreira, Rudolf Huebner
Summary: A new gnathodynamometer design was presented to improve patient comfort, precision, and ease for the operator during bite force tests. A rotating bite tip was tested on 24 dental students and showed no difference in comfort and precision for incisors, but showed a difference for molars. Further investigations are needed to determine the impact of these improvements on bite force measurements.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
S. J. Ye, Y. F. Xu, Y. Zhou, J. C. Cheng, J. Y. Huang, Y. Cai, X. H. Yao, S. N. Luo
Summary: This study investigates the penetration dynamics of spherical steel projectiles with different diameters into ballistic gelatin at different incident velocities. A power-law relation is found between the maximum penetration depth and projectile kinetic energy at high incident velocities, while a generalized relation is established for low, intermediate, and high-speed penetration. The drag force of the projectile is analyzed to explain the relation between projectile acceleration and velocity. A calibrated finite element model is able to reproduce the experimental observations accurately.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Xiao-Fei Song, Wenjing Zhang, Ning Kang, Jiaqi Zhao, Xiubing Jing
Summary: Bone sawing is crucial in surgical operations. This study proposed a new finite element model to predict cutting forces, and it was validated by experimental results. The study also proposed mathematical models to evaluate the effects of process parameters on sawing forces. These findings provide practical guidance for high quality surgical sawing of bone.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhenjing Duan, Changhe Li, Wenfeng Ding, Yanbin Zhang, Min Yang, Teng Gao, Huajun Cao, Xuefeng Xu, Dazhong Wang, Cong Mao, Hao Nan Li, Gupta Munish Kumar, Zafar Said, Sujan Debnath, Muhammad Jamil, Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Summary: Cutting force plays a crucial role in material removal and workpiece surface integrity during aircraft aluminum alloy milling, and establishing a prediction model is essential for determining machining accuracy. Future research should focus on high-speed milling, instantaneous cutting force modeling, establishing a database, and the impact of chatter on the prediction accuracy of cutting force.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristian L. Klunk, Marco A. Argenta, Alexandre Casadei-Ferreira, Evan P. Economo, Marcio R. Pie
Summary: Ants have achieved remarkable ecological and evolutionary success due to their social life history and division of labor. The biomechanical differences between major and minor ant worker mandibles were explored using finite element analysis, revealing that major workers have evolved to minimize stress in pressure conditions, while minors perform better in strike bite scenarios. Even small morphological differences in ant mandibles can lead to substantial biomechanical responses to bite loading.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Changming Dai, Zhengyuan Liu, Yu Wang, Xiang Lin, Hui Liu, Bo Zhou
Summary: This study constructs a new symmetric magnetic suspension structure based on magnetic suspension technology and investigates the effects of the structure, size, and material of the electromagnet and armature on magnetic flux density, electromagnetic force, and suspension force. The simulation results suggest that DT4 is the ideal material for the armatures and electromagnets, and the use of a reinforcing ring structure can greatly increase the suspension force. The findings of this study provide novel perspectives for designing vibration and noise reduction structures and serve as a guide for constructing magnetic suspension dampers.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Chonggang Du, Zheng H. Zhu, Junjie Kang
Summary: This article investigates the attitude control and stability analysis of an electric solar wind sail (E-sail) considering elastic deflection of tethers. A high-order high-fidelity E-sail model is derived from the nodal position finite-element method to analyze the attitude and orbital motion. The attitude dynamics is approximated by a reduced order analytical model and a sliding mode control law is proposed and proven to be stable. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the control law in controlling the real E-sail's attitude.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dayong Yang, Yuchen Zhang, Rui Wang, Furui Wei, Lingxin Zeng, Min Liu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different machining variables on cutting force in powder metallurgy green compacts using finite element simulation. The results showed that cutting thickness had a significant impact on cutting force, and rounded-edge radius and cutting speed were also important factors. The optimal process parameters for minimizing cutting force were identified as a cutting thickness of 0.20 mm, a cutting speed of 120 m/min, a tool rake angle of 0 degrees, and a rounded-edge radius of 40 μm, resulting in a cutting force of 887.95 N.
Editorial Material
Biology
Thomas F. Schilling, Pierre Le Pabic
Summary: A newly discovered enhancer region may have played a key role in the evolution of vertebrates' ability to open and close their jaws.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Daniel Chepurin, Uphar Chamoli, Ashish D. Diwan
Summary: Multiple studies support a positive association between intervertebral disc degeneration and bony stress, but causal relationship remains unclear. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore the relationship between the two factors.
GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Paleontology
Silvia Castiglione, Marina Melchionna, Antonio Profico, Gabriele Sansalone, Maria Modafferi, Alessandro Mondanaro, Stephen Wroe, Paolo Piras, Pasquale Raia
Summary: Modern phylogenetic comparative methods allow estimation of evolutionary rates and direction of change, with a new method introduced to map rate variation directly onto three-dimensional phenotypes. The highly derived shape of the human face is found to have evolved through rapid changes in specific facial regions, while unique features such as the canine fossa are identified as by-products of midface evolution.
Article
Ecology
Anna C. Lewis, Channing Hughes, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Animals that rely on scavenging need to exploit patchy resources and face competition. The Tasmanian devil, a scavenging mammalian species, shows dietary specialization even though it has a varied diet as a species. Larger individuals tend to be trophic specialists, and heavier ones show a greater degree of specialization, possibly because mass plays a role in diet choice and trophic specialization is an efficient foraging strategy.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matt A. White, Phil R. Bell, Nicolas E. Campione, Gabriele Sansalone, Sienna A. Birch, Joseph J. Bevitt, Ralph E. Molnar, Alex G. Cook, Stephen Wroe, David A. Elliott
Summary: Researchers report the discovery of a new crocodyliform species in Australia, with well-preserved abdominal contents containing parts of a juvenile ornithopod dinosaur. The study suggests that this crocodyliform exhibited feeding behavior similar to modern crocodylians, and provides insights into the relationship between dietary versatility and anatomical features in these reptiles.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Adelaide V. Dedden, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: This study investigates the links between whale feeding patterns and climate cycles. The results show that variability in stable isotope values within whale baleen is associated with shifts in climate cycles, suggesting changes in feeding patterns due to resource availability. However, these relationships vary depending on the oceanic region in which the whales feed.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junlin Lyra Huang, Emmanuelle C. Leroy, Gary Truong, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: This research examines the impact of climate change on the migration behavior of Chagos whales. By analyzing the relationships between whale acoustic presence and environmental factors such as sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, El-Nino Southern Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole, the study reveals that whales are arriving earlier and staying longer in certain areas, with an increase in whale songs during periods of higher chlorophyll-a concentration and positive IOD phases. The findings highlight the importance of long-term acoustic monitoring of marine fauna to understand their response to changing environmental conditions.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jack A. Cooper, John R. Hutchinson, David C. Bernvi, Geremy Cliff, Rory P. Wilson, Matt L. Dicken, Jan Menzel, Stephen Wroe, Jeanette Pirlo, Catalina Pimiento
Summary: This study used a well-preserved fossil to create a three-dimensional model of the extinct Megalodon shark's body and inferred its movement and feeding ecology. The research found that Megalodon could swim faster than any modern shark species and consume prey the size of modern apex predators. Its preference for large prey helped reduce competition and provided sustained energy for long migrations. The study suggests that Megalodon played an important ecological role as a transoceanic superpredator and its extinction had significant impacts on global nutrient transfer and trophic food webs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Russell D. C. Bicknell, Yuri Simone, Arie van der Meijden, Stephen Wroe, Gregory D. Edgecombe, John R. Paterson
Summary: This study investigates the feeding habits of different species within the Pterygotidae family of extinct sea scorpions. The results show that the species had variable diets, with some likely feeding on armoured prey such as placoderms. The findings also suggest that an "arms race" may have occurred between eurypterids and armoured fishes during the mid-Palaeozoic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna C. Lewis, Channing Hughes, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: The anthropogenic impacts on carnivores can have complex effects, with potential threats and benefits to different species. In this study, we examined the dietary niche of the Tasmanian devil across habitats with varying levels of human disturbance. We found that disturbed habitats led to restricted diets, while undisturbed rainforest habitats had broader diets and evidence of niche partitioning.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie C. C. McClelland, Marie R. G. Attard, James Bowen, Nicholas P. C. Horrocks, Gabriel A. A. Jamie, Tanmay Dixit, Claire N. N. Spottiswoode, Steven J. J. Portugal
Summary: The eggs of avian brood-parasitic species have similar eggshell structures and compositions as their host's eggs, suggesting that the parasitic lifestyle does not greatly impact these traits.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gary Truong, Tracey L. Rogers
Summary: Oceans are warming rapidly and marine ecosystems are changing, but there is a lack of information on how blue whales respond to these changes, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Using 16 years of data, researchers studied the migration patterns of eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue whales off Western Australia and found a positive correlation between whale call detections and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). They also discovered that sea surface height and chlorophyll-a concentration influenced monthly whale call detections. This research is important for understanding how blue whales adapt to a changing environment and the potential impact of climate change on their reproductive success.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Russell D. C. Bicknell, Michel Schmidt, Imran A. Rahman, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Susana Gutarra, Allison C. Daley, Roland R. Melzer, Stephen Wroe, John R. Paterson
Summary: The stem-group euarthropod Anomalocaris canadensis is a large Cambrian apex predator. It is debated whether A. canadensis can masticate or manipulate biomineralized prey using its spinose frontal appendages. This study uses an integrative computational approach to analyze an A. canadensis feeding appendage and finds that it is suited for ripping but not for eating hard prey. The findings provide insights into the feeding ecology of A. canadensis and its impact on Cambrian food webs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie R. G. Attard, James Bowen, Steven J. Portugal
Summary: Many bird species lay colored or patterned eggs, and the diversity of eggshell patterning is achieved through pigment. The study found that the foreground color of maculated eggs has a rougher surface compared to the background color. The texture of eggshells is correlated with various life-history traits.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)