Article
Crystallography
Lukas Prochazka, Jana Bohacova, Barbara Vojvodikova
Summary: The article explores the potential of partially replacing denitrified blast furnace slag with fly ash in alkali-activated materials. The study found that fly ash has a significant impact on resistance to freeze-thaw processes, but it may also lead to a decrease in flexural strength.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Miguel angel Sanjuan, Rosa Abnelia Rivera, Domingo Alfonso Martin, Esteban Estevez
Summary: The use of ternary Portland cement can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by lowering the clinker content in the final product. Ternary cements with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) and/or coal fly ash (CFA) show improved resistance to chloride diffusion and delayed development of compressive strength compared to plain Portland cement concrete.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Andres Salas Montoya, Loth I. Rodriguez-Barboza, Fabiola Colmenero Fonseca, Javier Carcel-Carrasco, Lauren Y. Gomez-Zamorano
Summary: In recent years, there has been significant interest in alkali activated and blended cements worldwide due to their advantages of low energy costs, high strength, and good durability. This study evaluated the effects of replacing 50% of Portland cement with a mixture of waste materials and different alkali activators on the performance of the cement. The results showed that different alkali activators had varying effects on the strength and hydration products formation, while the addition of fly ash, slag, and geothermal waste had positive impacts on strength and densification of the cement matrix.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wee Teo, Kazutaka Shirai, Jee Hock Lim, Lynne B. Jack, Ehsan Nikbakht
Summary: This paper investigates the development and properties of one-part ambient-cured alkali-activated binders produced by synthesizing high-calcium fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. The study finds that the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio plays an important role in determining compressive strength, and recommends an optimum GGBS/binder ratio of 0.50, an optimum activator/binder ratio between 0.08 and 0.12, and a water/binder ratio not exceeding 0.50.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xingdong Lv, Lu Yang, Jiazheng Li, Fazhou Wang
Summary: This paper presents the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including fly ash, granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume, on the long-term resistance to external sulfate attack of cement mortar at atmospheric temperature. The results reveal that pore characteristics play a more important role in long-term sulfate resistance than the amount of deterioration products. Fly ash shows excellent sulfate resistance, while silica fume exhibits higher sulfate resistance due to its support of total porosity and harmless pore percentage. On the other hand, the addition of granulated blast-furnace slag accelerates the deterioration process and leads to the worst sulfate resistance.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mahmoud Elsayed, Bassam A. Tayeh, Yazan I. Abu Aisheh, Norhan Abd El-Nasser, Mohamed Abou Elmaaty
Summary: Using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as cement substitutes is an effective solution for producing eco-friendly concrete and preserving the environment from emissions related to cement manufacture. However, the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) as substitutes has a negative impact on the shear behavior and mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yannian Zhang, Daokui Yang, Qingjie Wang
Summary: This paper studied the workability, mechanical properties, and hydration characteristics of alkali-activated phosphorus slag-granulated blast furnace slag (AAPG) by mixing phosphorus slag with granulated blast furnace slag. The results showed that the addition of granulated blast furnace slag improved the fluidity and early strength of AAPG, but excessive content led to flash setting of the slurry. The hydration products of AAPG were mainly C-S-H and C-(N)-A-S-H, with some hydrotalcite by-products, but exhibited uneven distribution.
ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Gang Liu, Hui Rong, Jianyun Wang
Summary: This study explores the valorization of high volume-converter steel slag in green composites and achieves the production of steel slag-based building materials with high compressive strength and CO2 uptake ability through alkali activation and carbonation curing methods.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Aliakbar Gholampour, Junai Zheng, Togay Ozbakkaloglu
Summary: The utilization of various replacement materials such as FA, GGBS, FS and RFA in concrete production has shown potential in reducing environmental impact and improving concrete strength. Different combinations of replacement materials affect concrete properties differently, with some maintaining elasticity and decreasing water absorption.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yanfei Yue, Jing Jing Wang, P. A. Muhammed Basheer, Yun Bai
Summary: This study investigated the influence of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag on the capacity and reliability of Raman spectroscopy in establishing the carbonation profile in concrete blends. The results showed that while Raman spectroscopy was effective in differentiating CaCO3 contents in FA or GGBS blends, the incorporation of these SCMs into the PC system had negative effects on the quantification of CaCO3.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chuen-Ul Juang, Wen-Ten Kuo
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different high substitution amounts of superplasticizers (SPs) on the mechanical strength when using fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as cement replacement materials. The results showed that when 60% of cement was replaced with SCM, the initial setting time was increased by 40-70 min. The study also found that increasing GGBFS by 10% at high volumes of replacement can increase the compressive strength by 37%.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Okan Surul, Turhan Bilir, Aliakbar Gholampour, Mucahit Sutcu, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Osman Gencel
Summary: This study investigates the properties of bricks containing clay, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and fly ash (FA) at different temperatures. The results show that an increase in firing temperature leads to decreased porosity and increased bulk density and compressive strength of the bricks. The addition of FA increases porosity and water absorption but reduces bulk density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity of the bricks. GGBS content has minimal influence on the properties except for a significant increase in compressive strength. The use of industrial by-products as replacements for clay in bricks can provide eco-friendly alternatives and help reduce environmental impact.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Petra Matejkova, Vlastimil Matejka, Tomas Sabovcik, Ludek Gryzbon, Jozef Vlcek
Summary: This study tested the utilization of solid powder activators for the activation of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and its mixtures with low calcium fly ash (FA). Using the activator in a powder form allowed for the creation of ready-to-use dry mixtures, which formed compact solid samples after the addition of mixing water, molding, and hydration. The one-part approach was found to be advantageous compared to the traditional two parts approach using liquid alkali activators. The experiments focused on the selection of a solid alkali activator for GGBFS activation and the verification of its suitability for activating mixtures of GGBFS with low calcium FA. The compressive strength of the alkali-activated materials was studied after different periods of hydration, and the raw materials and hydrated samples were analyzed using various techniques. The results showed that the one-part method is suitable for activating low calcium fly ash in combination with GGBFS.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bouha El Moustapha, Stephanie Bonnet, Abdelhafid Khelidj, Nordine Leklou, Daniel Froelich, Isselmou Ahmedou Babah, Carole Charbuillet, Abderahmane Khalifa
Summary: This study successfully overcame the negative effects of microencapsulated phase change materials on the mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of blast furnace slag-based geopolymer mortars by incorporating NASH and CASH gels. With the optimization of NASH and CASH gel coexistence, improvements were seen in the mechanical properties and thermal performance of the geopolymer mortars. This was achieved through the high reactivity of metakaolin and the formation of NASH and CASH gels which compensated for the negative effects of the phase change materials on the geopolymer matrix.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingguo Feng, Ning Liu, Xiangyu Lu
Summary: The aim of this study was to produce high-strength geopolymers using an ambient-curing method and un-calcined coal gangue (G) as an additive. The results showed that the geopolymer composed solely of ground granulated blast furnace slag (S) exhibited the highest strength, while the strength dramatically decreased with an increase in the content of G in the S-G binary geopolymers. In the ternary S-A-G geopolymers, the strength was not significantly affected by the content of G until it exceeded 17%, and decreased as the G content exceeded 22%. Suitable content of G resulted in the formation of aluminosilicate gel in the ternary geopolymers, and the compressive strength of the ambient-curing ternary geopolymers reached approximately 65 MPa at 28 days.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
