Article
Polymer Science
Seung Hun Lee, Seul Gi Lee, Jun Seo Lee, Byung Chol Ma
Summary: Combinations of multiple inorganic fillers can enhance the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam, improving thermal stability and fire resistance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Tao Chen, Xin-Ya Liu, Ting Wang, Lei He, Jin-Ni Deng, Zhi-Cheng Fu, Tian-Bao Zhao, Chang-Lin Xia, Zhi-hui Liu, Ming-Jun Chen
Summary: In this study, hydroxylated melamine (MOH) was synthesized and used as a charring and blowing agent in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to develop an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin. The resulting APP/MOH system significantly improved the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, achieving a LOI value of 32.5% and reaching UL 94 V-0 standards. Compared to other flame retardant systems, such as APP/PER, the APP/MOH system exhibited lower peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Xu-Chen Jiang, Ping Li, Yun Liu, Jun-Sheng Wang
Summary: A flame-retardant coating was successfully constructed on ramie fabrics using the dip-pad-bake method, resulting in enhanced fire safety properties. The simple preparation process of RF-APPs using only APP provides a feasible solution for flame-retardant natural fibers reinforced composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Zheng Yang, Xueting Chen, Shike Lu, Zhenhua Wang, Jiantong Li, Baoying Liu, Xiaomin Fang, Tao Ding, Yuanqing Xu
Summary: The ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by a titanate coupling agent to form a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR) when compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME). CaCO3 was used as a synergist with Ti-IFR to modify polyoxymethylene (POM). The flame-retardant properties and mechanism of the composites were analyzed, and it was found that Ti-IFR enhanced the gas phase flame retardant effect, while CaCO3 strengthened the barrier effect in the condensed phase. When used together, they exhibited excellent synergistic effect.
Article
Polymer Science
Fuhua Lin, Mi Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Shuangdan Mao, Yinghui Wei
Summary: This study aims to enhance the flame retardancy performance of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) by incorporating intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and diatoms into the HIPS matrix. The results show that the IFR/diatoms system exhibits high flame retardant efficiency and catalytic carbonization effect, reducing heat release and smoke generation while improving tensile and impact strength.
Article
Polymer Science
Yingbin Guo, Chunlong Zuo, Yansong Liu, Xizhi Chen, Yuanlin Ren, Xiaohui Liu
Summary: Lignin (L), casein (C), and phytic acid (PA) were used to create a fully bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to enhance its flame retardancy. The resulting FR-PAN exhibited excellent flame retardancy, achieving a UL94 V-0 rating in vertical burning tests. The char residue of FR-PAN at different temperatures and the reduction in heat release rate (PHRR) and smoke production rate (PSPR) were also evaluated. The flame-retardant mechanism of the fully bio-based IFR on FR-PAN was proposed.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhe Huang, Bo Ruan, Jin Wu, Ning Ma, Tao Jiang, Fang-Chang Tsai
Summary: The study developed flame retardant polypropylene containing micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardants, which showed improved fire safety and thermal stability. Additionally, polyamide 6 was found to have a better char-forming effect, contributing to the enhanced flame retardant performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Anothai Suwanniroj, Nitinat Suppakarn
Summary: In this study, flame-retardant poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites were developed using a bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. Water hyacinth fiber (WHF) was used as a bio-based carbon source, and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) served as an acid source and blowing agent. The results showed that the 15WHF/30APP/PBS composite with a specific WHF to APP ratio and total IFR content exhibited excellent flame retardancy, improved thermal stability, and enhanced mechanical properties.
Article
Forestry
Tomasz Ozyhar, Christof Tschannen, Florentine Hilty, Heiko Thoemen, Joachim Schoelkopf, Justin O. Zoppe
Summary: The study evaluated the flame-retardant potential of a composition consisting of a surface-treated high-porosity calcium carbonate-based mineral and deliquescent calcium chloride. The composition showed the ability to absorb substantial amounts of water and exhibited significant flame-retardant effects in wood composites, although it negatively impacted internal bond strength. A weight percentage of 10-15 of the flame retardant was found to strike a good balance between flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Ali Dorieh, Mohammad Farajollah Pour, Sogand Ghafari Movahed, Antonio Pizzi, Peyman Pouresmaeel Selakjani, Mohammad Valizadeh Kiamahalleh, Hamid Hatefnia, Mohammad Hassan Shahavi, Roozbeh Aghaei
Summary: Nanomaterials play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of MFR adhesives, improving mechanical properties, thermal stability, fire retardancy, and reducing free formaldehyde emission. The use of nanotechnology in synthesizing MFR nanocomposites can significantly decrease environmental and health hazards.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Chung-Hyok Jo, Yong-Man Jang, Dae-Hyok Mun, Chol-Jun Yu, Chung-Guk Choe, Song-Guk Ri
Summary: Organic phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant was synthesized and used in coatings to enhance the flame retardancy. The addition of titanium dioxide further improved the flame retardancy of the coatings.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jing Zhang, Juan P. Fernandez-Blazquez, Xiao-Lu Li, Rui Wang, Xiuqin Zhang, De-Yi Wang
Summary: This work investigates the mechanical strength and effectiveness of a char barrier in providing fire retardancy for epoxy resin. By using dynamic mechanical analysis and X-ray tomography, it is found that the hybrid of metal-organic framework and graphene oxide significantly improves the strength of the char. The multi-scale porous structure within carbonaceous char also contributes to the enhanced strength. The study further verifies the applicability of a proposed char reinforced mechanism by applying layered double hydroxide and nano clay as synergists.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xingguo Wang, Wenjia Wang, Shuheng Wang, Yufan Yang, Hongfei Li, Jun Sun, Xiaoyu Gu, Sheng Zhang
Summary: A novel halogen-free self-intumescent polyelectrolyte was synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of PLA nonwovens, showing significant results with potential to produce cleaner commercialized flame-retardant materials.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Qin Ma, Jing Lu, Jianqi Yao, Jiajie Yin, Ruiyan Zhang, Faliang Luo
Summary: Intumescent flame retardant system with polylactide as carbonizing agent, melamine formaldehyde encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant system, and acidic molecular sieve as synergist, showed improved flame suppression performance in PLA composites. The addition of acidic synergist reduced the total smoke release and increased the limited oxygen index of the composites.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jingxing Wu, Jianhua Bi, Baoluo Xu, Lisha Fu, Wanjun Hao
Summary: In this study, the surface of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by a commercial titanate coupling agent ndz-201, and a styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE)-based damping composite material was prepared using the modified APP and expandable graphite (EG). The results showed that when the ratio of modified APP to EG was 1:4, the composite material exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 52.5% and achieved a V0 rating in the vertical burning test (UL-94), with a 141.9% increase in LOI compared to the composite material without flame retardant. Furthermore, the optimized formulation of modified APP and EG in SAE-based damping composite materials demonstrated a significant synergistic effect on the flame retardancy of the composite material.
