Article
Thermodynamics
Dharmit Nakrani, Mahesh Kumar Tiwari, Tejas Wani, Gaurav Srivastava
Summary: This study proposes an improved two-step combustion model for soft and hard wood based on physical characterization of different wood samples. The kinetic parameters estimated through different estimation methods were utilized to perform computer simulation of cone calorimeter tests. The two-step simulation approach yielded better prediction of heat release rate and time to ignition compared to the one-step simulation approach.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Javier Ordonez-Loza, Carlos Valdes, Farid Chejne, Manuel Garcia Perez, Wen Zhang, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: The integration of new CO2 capture and storage technologies in energy generation processes has led to the development and research in oxy-fuel combustion. The presence of CO2 in oxy-fuel environments modifies the thermal behavior of pyrolysis oils derived from sugarcane, inducing new chemical reactions and affecting carbonization processes.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. Cerciello, B. Apicella, C. Russo, L. Cortese, O. Senneca
Summary: The study explores the influence of pressure on the products of fast pyrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass (Walnut Shells), showing significant changes in combustion pattern and reactivity of chars under different pressure conditions. Raman analysis indicates that graphitic order develops only at high temperature and pressure, with loss of reactivity attributed to changes in internal distribution of char components.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ti-Peng Wang, Hang Li, Jiang-Meng Yuan, Wen-Xin Li, Kai Li, Yao-Bing Huang, Ling-Ping Xiao, Qiang Lu
Summary: Pine lignin has the highest G unit content and best thermal stability; bamboo lignin has uniform molecular distribution and a high pCA unit content; poplar lignin contains abundant PB and S units, with phenol as the main pyrolytic product.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ruming Pan, Gerald Debenest, Marco A. B. Zanoni
Summary: This study investigates a reactor for the pyrolysis of plastic waste driven by char smoldering and develops a mathematical model to verify its feasibility and evaluate its performance. The results show that the reactor can stably perform pyrolysis of plastic waste.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zijun Yi, Chao Li, Haisheng Lin, Shu Zhang, Yong Huang, Bin Li, Shuang Wang, Xun Hu
Summary: In this study, the pyrolysis of poplar sawdust impregnated with different bio-oil fractions was conducted. It was found that the organics in the bio-oil could react with biochar, increasing biochar production. Additionally, impregnation of bio-oil lowered the activation energy and ignition temperatures for combustion, enhanced deoxygenation, and facilitated the formation of mesopores.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuxiao Wang, Yuyuan Zhang, Rui Shan, Jing Gu, Haoran Yuan, Yong Chen
Summary: This paper investigates the catalytic reforming of a tar model compound (benzene) using a novel hybrid carrier catalyst in a laboratory dual-stage reactor. The results show that the catalyst has good benzene removal ability and produces gas products with high syngas content. The catalytic performance is related to surface nanoparticles and abundant active sites.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Song Qianshi, Wang Xiaohan, Li Haowen, Yang Zixin, Ye Yue, Huo Jiepeng
Summary: The study found that the self-developed char reactivity model accurately predicted the reaction rate of char samples under different gasification temperatures, providing a valuable reference for predicting char gasification reaction rate.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sean A. Rollag, Keunhong Jeong, Chad A. Peterson, Kwang Ho Kim, Robert C. Brown
Summary: Naturally occurring alkali and alkaline earth metals have been found to play an important catalytic role in the pyrolysis of lignin. Experimental and computational modeling were used to compare the catalytic activity of ferrous iron to AAEM. The results show that ferrous iron is a stronger catalyst, while the activity order of AAEM cations varies in different lignins.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuxiao Wang, Rui Shan, Jing Gu, Jun Zhang, Haoran Yuan, Yong Chen
Summary: The rice husk char-supported Fe and Ni catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity for removing tar and producing syngas, with a benzene conversion rate of up to 95.2%. The influence of residence time and steam-to-carbon ratio on catalytic performance was investigated, with excessive values having a negative effect on catalyst performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xujun Chen, Hongwei Wu
Summary: This study investigates the effect of phosphorus on the char structure and reactivity of biomass during fast pyrolysis. Experimental results show that the presence of phosphorus significantly increases char yield and C/H content, while decreasing O content. The form and content of phosphorus play an important role in the evolution of char structure and reactivity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianan Qi, Cuigang Fan, Songgeng Li
Summary: The impacts of temperature and oxygen concentration on char structure evolution during pyrolysis were revealed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and BET characterization techniques. Char prepared under oxygen atmosphere showed higher reactivity compared to that under inert (N2) atmosphere, with the presence of oxygen reducing char graphitization at high temperatures. The presence of oxygen in pyrolysis improved pore volume and specific surface area, with a critical oxygen concentration observed at high pyrolysis temperatures.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cheng Ma, Qiuxiang Yao, Yuzhen Zhao, Chong Zou, Junxue Zhao, Zongcheng Miao
Summary: Char gasification allows for the clean and efficient utilization of low-rank coal resources. The CO2 gasification behavior and kinetics of char samples produced under different atmospheric conditions were investigated. The results showed that the physicochemical structure and characteristics of the char samples had a significant impact on the gasification rate and activation energy. The application of a three-dimensional diffusion model provided insights into the CO2 gasification process of coal char.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chandan Kundu, Shanthi Priya Samudrala, Mahmud Arman Kibria, Sankar Bhattacharya
Summary: The study demonstrates that thermally-assisted peracetic acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass effectively removes lignin with negligible loss of carbohydrates, achieving a 90% delignification rate. It significantly improves biomass digestibility, increasing glucan content, especially when conducted under mild temperature conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuai Cheng, Yang Zhou, Kok Hoong Wong, Nai Yeen Gavin Lai, Zhennan Han
Summary: Pyrolysis of low-rank coal can improve coal quality, chemical feedstock and fuel production. The research shows that a novel reactor can produce char with more desirable combustion quality and lower ignition temperature compared to a conventional reactor. The chars derived from the novel reactor have a higher order of carbonaceous structure and active sites. The results indicate the potential to upgrade and utilize more low-rank coal effectively as a fuel source for energy sustainability.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Keiko Miyamoto, Haruo Kawamoto
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2019)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Shiro Saka, Harifara Rabemanolontsoa, Eiji Minami, Haruo Kawamoto
JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
(2019)
Article
Forestry
Jiawei Wang, Eji Minami, Haruo Kawamoto
JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Eiji Minami, Daiki Bito, Haruo Kawamoto, Shiro Saka
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Asuka Fukutome, Haruo Kawamoto
Article
Energy & Fuels
Takashi Nomura, Hinano Mizuno, Eiji Minami, Haruo Kawamoto
Summary: The study evaluated fast pyrolysis of cellulose using infrared heating under nitrogen flow, achieving a maximum yield of 52.7% levoglucosan under optimized conditions. Increasing cellulose temperature through slow nitrogen flow and high IR power level resulted in higher gas yield, with the formation of CO serving as an indicator of LG gasification. Glycolaldehyde was identified as a major byproduct, with its yield remaining relatively constant across all conditions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Muzakkir Mohammad Zainol, Mohd Asmadi, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin
Summary: This study investigated the reaction analysis over a new ionic liquid-furfural carbon catalyst, deriving mathematical equations to determine the kinetic-thermodynamic parameters and proposing a suitable reaction mechanism. Results showed that the reaction is endothermic, non-spontaneous, and forms an ordered system at the transition state. The proposed mechanism includes nucleophilic substitution and Eley-Rideal mechanism.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiaqi Wang, Eiji Minai, Haruo Kawamoto
Summary: In this study, pyrolysis of Japanese cedar wood was conducted using diphenoxybenzene and a hydrogen donor. The results showed that a thermally stable oligomer was obtained, and its yield increased with the degradation of cellulose at higher temperatures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiaqi Wang, Eiji Minami, Haruo Kawamoto
Summary: In this study, high temperature catalytic hydrogenolysis was performed on softwood lignins, resulting in high monomer yields of 62% and 43.5%. The cleavage of intermolecular bonds and the use of Pd/C catalyst were found to be crucial for achieving such high yields.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Masatsugu Takada, Yutaka Okazaki, Haruo Kawamoto, Takashi Sagawa
Summary: Dry ball milling with excess additives such as l-tartaric acid greatly improves the solubility and dispersion of sulfuric acid lignin (SL) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The introduction of hydrophilic functional groups and decrease in molecular weight contribute to the dispersion of lignin in DMF. This method is applicable to various types of lignin and can potentially utilize unused lignin resources.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Abdull Hafidz Hassan, Muzakkir Mohammad Zainol, Muhammad Alif Samion, Muhammad Aqil Azlan, Mohd Asmadi, Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud, Idris Saad, Nur Aina Najwa Mohd Nor Azman
Summary: Ethyl levulinate synthesized from lignin-based carbon catalyst was used as an additive to improve biodiesel-diesel blends. The density, viscosity, and CO and NOx emissions of the blends were affected by the preparation method of the catalyst and the concentration of ethyl levulinate.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Nur Aina NajwaMohd Nor Azman, Mohd Asmadi, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Amnani Shamjuddin, Muzakkir Mohammad Zainol, Natthanon Phaiboonsilpa, Haruo Kawamoto
Summary: Biochar is a porous substance made from biomass through pyrolysis technology, which can be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil fertility. However, the pyrolysis process also generates organic pollutants called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochar. The high concentration of PAHs affects the quality of biochar for soil amendment and poses a potential threat to human health and the environment. The yield of PAHs is influenced by pyrolysis conditions and feedstock resources. This review aims to discuss the pyrolysis technology of biochar and factors influencing PAHs formation. Strategies to minimize PAHs in biochar include controlling pyrolysis conditions (such as increasing temperature, gas flow, and time) and selecting suitable feedstock with lower lignin content.
CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Masatsugu Takada, Jie Wu, Pablo Del Rio, Haruo Kawamoto, Jack Saddler
Summary: Alkaline sulfonation followed by thermomechanical treatment of softwood chips and pellets improves enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of cellulose. Steam treatment is more effective for chips, while hot water treatment is better for pellets. Pretreated chips undergo delamination, while pellets experience cell wall destruction. Both treatments result in lignin redistribution and changes to cell wall structure, enhancing cellulose hydrolysis.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuanyuan Zhao, Kansei Konishi, Eiji Minami, Shiro Saka, Haruo Kawamoto
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Takashi Nomura, Eiji Minami, Haruo Kawamoto