期刊
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
卷 137, 期 1, 页码 10-19出版社
ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000094
关键词
Water distribution networks; Contamination warning system; Event; Detection system; In-line sensors; Distributed detection; Distributed sensor; Fusion; Statistically significant clusters; Kulldorff's scan test; False alarm; Reduction; EPANET
资金
- U.S. EPA National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC)
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
To protect drinking water systems, a contamination warning system can use in-line sensors to indicate possible accidental and deliberate contamination. Currently, reporting of an incident occurs when data from a single station detects an anomaly. This paper proposes an approach for combining data from multiple stations to reduce false background alarms. By considering the location and time of individual detections as points resulting from a random space-time point process, Kulldorff's scan test can find statistically significant clusters of detections. Using EPANET to simulate contaminant plumes of varying sizes moving through a water network with varying amounts of sensing nodes, it is shown that the scan test can detect significant clusters of events. Also, these significant clusters can reduce the false alarms resulting from background noise and the clusters can help indicate the time and source location of the contaminant. Fusion of monitoring station results within a moderately sized network show false alarm errors are reduced by three orders of magnitude using the scan test.
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