Article
Microbiology
Maikke B. Ohlson, Jennifer L. Eitson, Alexandra I. Wells, Ashwani Kumar, Seoyeon Jang, Chunyang Ni, Chao Xing, Michael Buszczak, John W. Schoggins
Summary: Viruses rely on host ribosomes for protein synthesis, but the specific factors involved in translation of viral RNAs are not fully understood. Through a CRISPR screen, researchers identified multiple host factors, including 60S ribosome biogenesis proteins, that are required for viral protein synthesis. In addition, the study revealed the importance of SBDS and SPATA5 in viral replication for a wide range of viruses.
Article
Virology
Lea Gaucherand, Marta Maria Gaglia
Summary: This review discusses a particularly advantageous strategy for viruses to induce host shutdown: triggering widespread host mRNA decay. Viruses can increase mRNA degradation by encoding RNA cleaving enzymes or activating cellular RNA degradation pathways. The article reviews the known mechanisms of action of several viral RNA degradation factors and discusses the impact of widespread RNA degradation on host gene expression and immune evasion mechanisms.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Joseph M. Dybas, Krystal K. Lum, Katarzyna Kulej, Emigdio D. Reyes, Richard Lauman, Matthew Charman, Caitlin E. Purman, Robert T. Steinbock, Nicholas Grams, Alexander M. Price, Lydia Mendoza, Benjamin A. Garcia, Matthew D. Weitzman
Summary: Viral infections cause extensive remodeling of the cellular proteome. This study developed a global proteomics approach to analyze changes in the host proteome during adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) virus infection. The results reveal cellular processes manipulated by viral products and host factors counteracted by early viral proteins during infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gloria Griffante, Francesca Gugliesi, Selina Pasquero, Valentina Dell'Oste, Matteo Biolatti, Ari J. Salinger, Santanu Mondal, Paul R. Thompson, Eranthie Weerapana, Robert J. Lebbink, Jasper A. Soppe, Thomas Stamminger, Virginie Girault, Andreas Pichlmair, Gabor Oroszlan, Donald M. Coen, Marco De Andrea, Santo Landolfo
Summary: Citrullination as a posttranslational modification plays a crucial role in HCMV infection, promoting viral entry and impairing the RNA binding ability of citrullinated IFIT1 as a mechanism of evasion.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Shanshan Zhao, Yuansheng Wu, Jianguo Wu
Summary: Research has shown that virus-derived small-interfering RNAs, host microRNAs, and phytohormones play important roles in regulating antiviral responses in rice plants. The interactions between viral virulence proteins and host susceptibility factors shape the ongoing arms race between viruses and rice.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
ChihSheng New, Zhao-Yong Lee, Kai Sen Tan, Amanda Huee-Ping Wong, De Yun Wang, Thai Tran
Summary: Tetraspanins have been increasingly recognized as host factors in infectious diseases, particularly in the pathogenesis of HPV, HIV, Zika, IAV, and coronaviruses. However, the mechanisms by which different tetraspanins mediate their effects vary. Comparing and contrasting the role of tetraspanins in virus life cycles can lead to a better understanding and more targeted treatment of these diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Mikhail I. Dobrikov, Elena Y. Dobrikova, Zachary P. McKay, Jonathan P. Kastan, Michael C. Brown, Matthias Gromeier
Summary: MDA5, among the RIG-I-like pattern recognition receptors, can sense long dsRNA duplexes independent of their 5' features. Our study demonstrates that prior to engaging MDA5, recombinant PV RNA is sensed upon PKR binding to the viral IRES, which interferes with viral protein synthesis.
Article
Cell Biology
Un Yung Choi, Jae Jin Lee, Angela Park, Kyle L. Jung, Shin-Ae Lee, Youn Jung Choi, Hye-Ra Lee, Chih-Jen Lai, Hyungjin Eoh, Jae U. Jung
Summary: KSHV hijacks spermidine synthesis and eIF5A hypusination pathways to enhance LANA expression for viral episomal maintenance, suggesting polyamine metabolism and eIF5A hypusination as therapeutic targets for KSHV-induced tumorigenesis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aaron T. Irving, Matae Ahn, Geraldine Goh, Danielle E. Anderson, Lin-Fa Wang
Summary: Recent outbreaks of emerging viral diseases have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats display unique biological characteristics shaped by millions of years of adaptive evolution. Understanding the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could help improve human health.
Article
Biology
Katina D. Hulme, Anjana C. Karawita, Cassandra Pegg, Myrna J. M. Bunte, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Conor J. Bloxham, Silvie Van den Hoecke, Yin Xiang Setoh, Bram Vrancken, Monique Spronken, Lauren E. Steele, Nathalie A. J. Verzele, Kyle R. Upton, Alexander A. Khromykh, Keng Yih Chew, Maria Sukkar, Simon Phipps, Kirsty R. Short
Summary: Influenza virus variants are more prevalent in pregnant and/or obese individuals due to their impaired interferon response. The non-allergic, paucigranulocytic subtype of asthma is associated with impaired type I interferon production, leading to increased disease severity and emergence of influenza virus variants in asthmatic mice. Asthmatic patients may be more susceptible to severe influenza and could potentially be a source of new influenza virus variants.
Review
Immunology
Koji Onomoto, Kazuhide Onoguchi, Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
Summary: RLRs are RNA sensor molecules that play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity by inducing downstream signaling via interactions with various host and viral factors. The signaling mediated by RLRs is regulated by interactions with endogenous RNAs and host proteins, and deregulation can lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaara Finkel, Avi Gluck, Aharon Nachshon, Roni Winkler, Tal Fisher, Batsheva Rozman, Orel Mizrahi, Yoav Lubelsky, Binyamin Zuckerman, Boris Slobodin, Yfat Yahalom-Ronen, Hadas Tamir, Igor Ulitsky, Tomer Israely, Nir Paran, Michal Schwartz, Noam Stern-Ginossar
Summary: The study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a global reduction in translation and accelerated degradation of cytosolic cellular mRNAs. It also impairs the translation of transcripts induced in response to infection, probably mediated by inhibition of nuclear mRNA export.
Article
Virology
Lauren M. Kiser, Kevin J. Sokoloski, Richard W. Hardy
Summary: Alphaviruses are positive sense RNA viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors to mammalian or avian hosts. The study uncovers a novel role for capsid protein in Chikungunya virus replication, regulating protein synthesis processes early in infection through interaction with viral RNA. The interactions between viral RNA and capsid protein have host species specific functional consequences.
Article
Biology
Mariana G. Ferrarini, Avantika Lal, Rita Rebollo, Andreas J. Gruber, Andrea Guarracino, Itziar Martinez Gonzalez, Taylor Floyd, Daniel Siqueira de Oliveira, Justin Shanklin, Ethan Beausoleil, Taneli Pusa, Brett E. Pickett, Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
Summary: Researchers analyzed public data to understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human respiratory cells, identifying specific gene and element changes in infected cells. Predicted interactions between viral and human RNA-binding proteins were noted, along with a viral sequence variant linked to age.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bojana S. Stojanovic, Bojan Stojanovic, Jelena Milovanovic, Aleksandar Arsenijevic, Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic, Nebojsa Arsenijevic, Marija Milovanovic
Summary: This comprehensive review discusses the important role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, in various cellular processes, including immune responses, inflammation, and cancer progression. Gal-3 is crucial for viral entry, immune modulation, and viral pathogenesis, and plays a significant role in viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and influenza A. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of Gal-3 could lead to innovative treatment and prevention options for viral diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)