Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Silva Herzog, Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Borros M. Arneth, Samr Mkhlof, Chrysanthi Skevaki
Summary: CD169, also known as Siglec1 or Sialoadhesin, is a surface adhesion molecule on human myeloid cells that acts as a receptor for sialylated molecular structures. Recent data suggest that CD169 may be a novel biomarker for viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and HIV. CD169 not only functions in pathogen elimination, but also plays a role in connecting innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation and pathogen elimination. However, our knowledge about CD169's kinetics, induction mechanisms, signaling pathways, and its precise role in host-pathogen interaction remains limited.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lei Wang, Rui Li, Rui Geng, Longxiang Zhang, Xin-Xin Chen, Songlin Qiao, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: In this study, the involvement of heat shock protein member 8 (HSPA8) in PRRSV infection was uncovered for the first time. It was found that HSPA8 interacts with PRRSV glycoprotein 4 (GP4) and plays a crucial role in viral attachment and internalization. These findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PRRSV infection and provide insights for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Virology
Chuanjie Zhou, Yunchao Liu, Qiang Wei, Yumei Chen, Suzhen Yang, Anchun Cheng, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: PEDV infection causes severe piglet mortality and threatens the global pig industry. However, the complex invasion mechanism of PEDV makes its prevention and control difficult.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qian Dong, Jenelle Dunkelberger, Kyu-Sang Lim, Joan K. Lunney, Christopher K. Tuggle, Raymond R. R. Rowland, Jack C. M. Dekkers
Summary: Natural genetic variants in the CD163, CD169, and RGS16 genes are associated with resistance to PRRSV and/or PCV2b infection and appear to interact with the resistance quantitative trait locus in the GBP5 gene. The identified SNPs can be used to select for increased natural resistance to PRRSV and/or PRRSV-PCV2b coinfection.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huan-Huan Shen, Qin Zhao, Yi-Ping Wen, Rui Wu, Sen-Yan Du, Xiao-Bo Huang, Xin-Tian Wen, San-Jie Cao, Lei Zeng, Qi-Gui Yan
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant threat to pig health worldwide. Our study identified SMPDL3B as a crucial host factor for PRRSV infection, which plays a positive role in viral replication by modulating lipid metabolism.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Zhiyu Yang, Huiyang Sha, Weili Kong, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: Research on the GP5 protein is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We provide a summary of its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, and interaction with viral and host proteins, which lays a foundation for understanding PRRSV replication mechanisms and vaccine development.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Giulia D'Annunzio, Fabio Ostanello, Luisa Vera Muscatello, Massimo Orioles, Niccolo Jacumin, Nicola Tommasini, Giorgio Leotti, Andrea Luppi, Luciana Mandrioli, Giuseppe Sarli
Summary: This study examines the impact of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) on Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). The results show that PCV2 and PRRSV are the primary infections associated with PRDC in Italy, and co-infections can worsen the pathology. Therefore, selecting appropriate preventive measures is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mingyun Lee, Jong-Nam Oh, Gyung Cheol Choe, Kwang-Hwan Choi, Dong-Kyung Lee, Seung-Hun Kim, Jinsol Jeong, Yelim Ahn, Chang-Kyu Lee
Summary: This study determined the lineage-specific role of NANOG in parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts and found that NANOG plays an important role in the differentiation of the epiblast and primitive endoderm, and is essential for maintaining pluripotency within the epiblast.
Article
Microbiology
Yu Pang, Chenyu Li, Jiao Liu, Guanning Su, Chenrui Duan, Liurong Fang, Yanrong Zhou, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) promotes the uptake of glucose and glutamine for optimal replication, and it relies on glycolysis and the TCA cycle for energy production. Restricting the entry of glucose and glutamine, or inhibiting glycolysis and the TCA cycle, can reduce PRRSV proliferation.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Rui Li, Songlin Qiao, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: PRRS, caused by PRRSV, is a highly contagious disease that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the host cellular factors involved in PRRSV attachment and entry, providing insights for the development of antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhiqing Zhang, Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Since its isolation in China in 1995, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been mutating into highly pathogenic strains. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) in the main strain prevalent in China, PRRSV-2. The results showed that NSP1 is a stable hydrophobic protein with high nucleotide and amino acid similarity among different strains. The study lays the foundation for understanding the nature and genetic variation of NSP1 and future vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Yanmei Wu, Xiaoxiao Song, Peishan Li, Zhaoli Wang, Zhanzhong Zhao, Tao Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to understand the effects of HP-PRRSV infection on functions of porcine pulmonary MVECs and the intervention effects of Chinese herbal ingredients on them. The results showed that HP-PRRSV infection caused inflammatory lung injury, and herbal ingredients had the potential to regulate the dysfunction of MVECs induced by viral infection.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Yao Yao, Sihan Li, Yingqi Zhu, Yangyang Xu, Siyuan Hao, Shuyuan Guo, Wen-Hai Feng
Summary: miR-204 suppresses PRRSV replication by inhibiting LC3B-mediated autophagy, providing a potential approach for developing antiviral therapies and controlling PRRSV outbreaks.
Article
Virology
Jiahui Guo, Zimin Liu, Xue Tong, Zixin Wang, Shangen Xu, Qian Chen, Junwei Zhou, Liurong Fang, Dang Wang, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: Through integrated analysis of whole-genome sequences of type 2 PRRSV, this study identified three distinct phylogenetic lineages with sublineage 2.7 showing the highest substitution rate and genetic diversity. Recombination events were observed more frequently in L2.7 PRRSV, particularly with L3.4 and L3.7 PRRSVs as minor parents. Recombination hotspots were found in specific genes and certain glycoproteins showed positive selection, driving adaptive evolution in PRRSV.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ziyu Liu, Baiqiang Shan, Chao Ni, Shouhua Feng, Wanting Liu, Xiaoli Wang, Hongtao Wu, Zuofeng Yang, Jinling Liu, Shu Wei, Changde Wu, Lixia Liu, Zeliang Chen
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-gamma secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-alpha.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katy S. Stoecklein, M. Sofia Ortega, Lee D. Spate, Clifton N. Murphy, Randall S. Prather
Summary: This study investigated the potential of adding a combination of three cytokines (FGF2, LIF, and IGF1) named FLI to improve the development and quality of in vitro produced bovine embryos. Results showed that the addition of FLI increased the success rate of oocyte maturation and blastocyst development, as well as improved the quality of embryos by reducing lipid content and enhancing cytoskeleton integrity. This supplementation also decreased cell apoptosis post-thaw, indicating its potential to alleviate challenges associated with cryo-survival of in vitro produced bovine embryos.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Krishanu Saha, Erik J. Sontheimer, P. J. Brooks, Melinda R. Dwinell, Charles A. Gersbach, David R. Liu, Stephen A. Murray, Shengdar Q. Tsai, Ross C. Wilson, Daniel G. Anderson, Aravind Asokan, Jillian F. Banfield, Krystof S. Bankiewicz, Gang Bao, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Nenad Bursac, Jarryd M. Campbell, Daniel F. Carlson, Elliot L. Chaikof, Zheng-Yi Chen, R. Holland Cheng, Karl J. Clark, David T. Curiel, James E. Dahlman, Benjamin E. Deverman, Mary E. Dickinson, Jennifer A. Doudna, Stephen C. Ekker, Marina E. Emborg, Guoping Feng, Benjamin S. Freedman, David M. Gamm, Guangping Gao, Ionita C. Ghiran, Peter M. Glazer, Shaoqin Gong, Jason D. Heaney, Jon D. Hennebold, John T. Hinson, Anastasia Khvorova, Samira Kiani, William R. Lagor, Kit S. Lam, Kam W. Leong, Jon E. Levine, Jennifer A. Lewis, Cathleen M. Lutz, Danith H. Ly, Samantha Maragh, Paul B. McCray, Todd C. McDevitt, Oleg Mirochnitchenko, Ryuji Morizane, Niren Murthy, Randall S. Prather, John A. Ronald, Subhojit Roy, Sushmita Roy, Venkata Sabbisetti, W. Mark Saltzman, Philip J. Santangelo, David J. Segal, Mary Shimoyama, Melissa C. Skala, Alice F. Tarantal, John C. Tilton, George A. Truskey, Moriel Vandsburger, Jonathan K. Watts, Kevin D. Wells, Scot A. Wolfe, Qiaobing Xu, Wen Xue, Guohua Yi, Jiangbing Zhou
Summary: The NIH's SCGE Consortium aims to develop safer and more effective methods to edit disease-relevant somatic cell genomes in patients, even in hard-to-reach tissues. Their approach includes rigorous validation of technology through third-party testing in animals to accelerate clinical development of new therapies.
Review
Developmental Biology
Rodney D. Geisert, Ashley E. Meyer, Caroline A. Pfeiffer, Destiny N. Johns, Kiho Lee, Kevin D. Wells, Thomas E. Spencer, Randall S. Prather
Summary: The development of viviparity in mammals requires the evolution of the placenta as an intermediate interface between the fetus and maternal uterus, as well as the modification or inhibition of the maternal immune system. CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has provided a direct approach to investigate the specific role of conceptus factors in pregnancy establishment and maintenance, altering our understanding of maternal recognition and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paula R. Chen, Caroline G. Lucas, Lee D. Spate, Randall S. Prather
Summary: Supplementation with glutamine in porcine embryo culture medium improves development, increases leucine consumption, and enhances mitochondrial activity. Glutaminolysis is involved in the activation of mTORC1 in porcine embryos, as evidenced by changes in phosphorylated MTOR levels and colocalization with lysosomal markers. Further studies are needed to understand the downstream effects on development.
MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sarah E. Moorey, Jenna M. Monnig, Michael F. Smith, M. Sofia Ortega, Jonathan A. Green, Ky G. Pohler, G. Alan Bridges, Susanta K. Behura, Thomas W. Geary
Summary: Small dominant follicle diameter at induced ovulation impacts pregnancy rate, fertilization rate, and embryo quality in beef cows, possibly due to its effect on the transcriptome of the Cumulus-Oocyte complex, affecting oocytes competence and embryo development. Transcriptome analysis showed differential gene expression in oocytes and associated cumulus cells between small and spontaneous follicles, suggesting altered carbohydrate metabolism within the Cumulus-Oocyte complex contributes to decreased oocyte competency in small follicles.
Article
Reproductive Biology
F. B. P. Wooding, A. J. Forhead, S. Wilsher, W. R. Allen, R. M. Roberts, J. A. Green, J. F. Beckers, N. Melo Sousa, G. Charpigny
Summary: Mature granulated trophoblast binucleate cells (BNC) are found in all ruminant placentas examined. However, the Giraffe shows a different protein expression pattern in BNC, with certain proteins only present in specific locations of the placental villi.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ayami Yamada, Kaito Ohtsuki, Natsumi Shiga, Jonathan A. Green, Yuta Matsun, Kazuhiko Imakawa
Summary: This study found that in ruminant ungulates, the formation of binucleated trophoblast cells begins after the initial contact of the conceptus with the maternal endometrium, followed by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in trophoblast cells. These sequential events are necessary for establishing pregnancy in ruminants.
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Thomas Forest, Famke Aeffner, Dinesh S. Bangari, Bhupinder Bawa, Jonathan Carter, James Fikes, Wanda B. High, Shim-Mo Hayashi, Matthew Jacobsen, LuAnn McKinney, Daniel Rudmann, Thomas Steinbach, Vanessa Schumacher, Oliver C. Turner, Jerrold M. Ward, Cynthia J. Willson
Summary: This article presents the results of a survey on the use of digital pathology in nonclinical toxicology studies before the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey showed that digital histopathology was not widely used for routine GLP histopathology assessment. However, many institutions started investigating or adopting digital WSI systems during the pandemic to reduce employee exposure to COVID-19.
TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rodney D. Geisert, Destiny N. Johns, Caroline A. Pfeiffer, Riley M. Sullivan, Caroline G. Lucas, Constantine A. Simintiras, Bethany K. Redel, Kevin D. Wells, Thomas E. Spencer, Randall S. Prather
Summary: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology allows for the study of specific genes involved in reproductive regulation, particularly in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Research on gene editing of porcine conceptuses provides new insights into the regulation of endometrial function, while in vitro studies using endometrial organoids offer an alternative method for studying specific endometrial genes.
MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Thomas Forest, Famke Aeffner, Dinesh S. Bangari, Bhupinder Bawa, Jonathan Carter, James Fikes, Wanda High, Shim-Mo Hayashi, Matthew Jacobsen, LuAnn McKinney, Daniel Rudmann, Thomas Steinbach, Vanessa Schumacher, Oliver Turner, Jerrold M. Ward, Cynthia J. Willson
Summary: The use of digital pathology in toxicologic pathology has the potential to enhance evaluation and collaboration, but comes with significant resource requirements. This article provides a comprehensive perspective on digital whole-slide imaging and offers points to consider for organizations implementing digital pathology workflows.
TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Katherine Bishara, Jennie H. H. Kwon, Morgan A. A. Hill, Kristi L. L. Helke, Russell A. A. Norris, Kristin Whitworth, Randall S. S. Prather, Taufiek Konrad Rajab
Summary: A transgenic strain of pigs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was created, and GFP expression in the semilunar valves and great arteries was characterized. Immunofluorescence was used to visualize and quantify GFP expression and its colocalization with nuclear staining. GFP expression was confirmed in both the semilunar valves and great arteries of the transgenic pigs.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Kristin M. M. Whitworth, Jonathan A. A. Green, Bethany K. K. Redel, Rodney D. D. Geisert, Kiho Lee, Bhanu P. P. Telugu, Kevin D. D. Wells, Randall S. S. Prather
Summary: Genetic modification of animals through selective breeding is essential for modern agriculture, but it has limitations. In order to sustainably improve animal production and feed the growing global population, responsive and precise breeding strategies are needed. The emergence of genome editing tools provides a solution, and germline engineering in pigs is a significant development in this field.
CABI AGRICULTURE & BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Sofia Ortega, Jason A. Rizo, Jessica N. Drum, Eleanore V. O'Neil, Ky G. Pohler, Karl Kerns, Amanda Schmelze, Jonathan Green, Thomas E. Spencer
Summary: The mechanisms underlying early placentation and trophectoderm differentiation in ruminant embryos remain unclear. In this study, a model of trophectoderm differentiation was established in vitro using individual in vitro derived embryos. The cell outgrowths expressed markers of mononucleate and binucleate trophectoderm cells, and continuous secretion of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) by binucleate cells was observed. Gene expression analysis revealed differences in HAND1 and CSH2 expression between cell outgrowths derived from different sires. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified 11 distinct cell populations involved in trophectoderm lineage specification, proliferation, and differentiation. This in vitro model provides insights into the developmental biology of trophectoderm cells and can contribute to our understanding of early pregnancy loss in cattle.
FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Meeti Punetha, Sai Kumar, Avishek Paul, Bosco Jose, Jaya Bharati, Arvind Sonwane, Jonathan A. Green, Kristin Whitworth, Mihir Sarkar
Summary: This study aimed to better understand the role of EGR1 in transactivation of TGF beta 1 during PGF2 alpha induced luteal regression using buffalo luteal cells. The results showed that EGR1 and TGF beta 1 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated at 12 hours post PGF2 alpha induction, and knocking out EGR1 did not modulate the expression of TGF beta 1. Additionally, the Caspase 3 mRNA expression was significantly increased in EGR1 KO luteal cells treated with PGF2 alpha compared to wild type luteal cells.
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)