Article
Immunology
Wendy Grant-McAuley, William Morgenlander, Sarah E. Hudelson, Manjusha Thakar, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, William Clarke, Autumn Breaud, Joel Blankson, Ethan Wilson, Helen Ayles, Peter Bock, Ayana Moore, Barry Kosloff, Kwame Shanaube, Sue-Ann Meehan, Anneen van Deventer, Sarah Fidler, Richard Hayes, Ingo Ruczinski, Kai Kammers, Oliver Laeyendecker, H. Benjamin Larman, Susan H. Eshleman
Summary: This study analyzed the HIV antibody response in controllers and non-controllers and its association with viral load. It found that specific antibody responses prior to infection were associated with controller status and lower viral load, while another antibody response was associated with non-controller status and higher viral load. These findings may contribute to research on antibody-based interventions for HIV treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Adovich S. Rivera, Laura Rusie, Megan Plank, Juned Siddique, Lauren B. Beach, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Matthew J. Feinstein
Summary: The study found that long-term higher cumulative viral load may be associated with incident hypertension among people with HIV, but not with diabetes. The associations of HIV control with cardiovascular disease risk factors may differ depending on the health care system context.
Article
Immunology
Francesca I. F. Arrigoni, Moira Spyer, Patricia Hunter, Dagmar Alber, Cissy Kityo, James Hakim, Allen Matubu, Patrick Olal, Nicholas I. Paton, A. Sarah Walker, Nigel Klein, EARNEST Trial Team
Summary: This study explored the effects of different levels of loss of viral control on immune reconstitution and activation. The results showed little difference between continuous suppression and transient or low-level rebound, while individuals with high-level rebound/nonresponse experienced significant immune activation and impaired reconstitution.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
ChihSheng New, Zhao-Yong Lee, Kai Sen Tan, Amanda Huee-Ping Wong, De Yun Wang, Thai Tran
Summary: Tetraspanins have been increasingly recognized as host factors in infectious diseases, particularly in the pathogenesis of HPV, HIV, Zika, IAV, and coronaviruses. However, the mechanisms by which different tetraspanins mediate their effects vary. Comparing and contrasting the role of tetraspanins in virus life cycles can lead to a better understanding and more targeted treatment of these diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Boris Anokhin, Paul Spearman
Summary: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein follows a unique pathway to reach the site of particle assembly, involving secretion, endocytosis, and directed sorting. The host factors and pathways regulating Env trafficking are still being explored. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing strategies to prevent viral infection and replication.
Review
Immunology
Koji Onomoto, Kazuhide Onoguchi, Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
Summary: RLRs are RNA sensor molecules that play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity by inducing downstream signaling via interactions with various host and viral factors. The signaling mediated by RLRs is regulated by interactions with endogenous RNAs and host proteins, and deregulation can lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sushama Jadhav, Vijay Nema
Summary: HIV-1 triggers activation of chemokine receptors, inflammatory mediators, and excitotoxicity mediated by glutamate receptors, disrupting neuronal and glial functions. Despite widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, brain function decline, mood swings, and abnormal activity continue to be observed, with an increase in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ben Parker, Tom Ward, Olivia Hayward, Ian Jacob, Erin Arthurs, Debbie Becker, Sarah-Jane Anderson, Vasiliki Chounta, Nicolas Van de Velde
Summary: Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy may improve clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness for HIV patients, reducing HIV transmission risk to some extent and leading to cost-savings in healthcare.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kara D. Wyatt, Demba Sarr, Kaori Sakamoto, Wendy T. Watford
Summary: Tpl2 plays a basal regulatory role in the antiviral response in lung epithelial cells during influenza A virus infection, but does not have a significant impact on host cytokine production or lung pathology.
Review
Virology
Chasity E. Trammell, Alan G. Goodman
Summary: Mosquito-borne viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the severe diseases they cause, and their incidence continues to rise. These viruses rely on mosquitoes as the primary means of transmission to new vertebrate hosts, and various host factors control the response to infection as they pass between vector and vertebrate hosts.
Article
Biology
Maija Jokinen, Suvi Sallinen, Mirkka M. Jones, Jukka Siren, Emy Guilbault, Hanna Susi, Anna-Liisa Laine
Summary: The assembly of viral communities is influenced by priority effects, where early viral infections can have positive or negative effects on subsequent colonization patterns. The direction of the effect depends on both the host genotype and the type of virus colonizing the host early in the season.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Shuang Tang, Jie Li, Yung-Fu Chang, Wencheng Lin
Summary: Avian leukosis virus (ALV) causes various diseases, including tumor formation and decreased fertility. In addition, ALV induces immunosuppression, increasing susceptibility to other microbial infections and the risk of vaccine failure against other diseases. Evidence shows an interaction between ALV and the host.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kai Kammers, Athena Chen, Daniel R. Monaco, Sarah E. Hudelson, Wendy Grant-McAuley, Richard D. Moore, Galit Alter, Steven G. Deeks, Charles S. Morrison, Leigh A. Eller, Joel N. Blankson, Oliver Laeyendecker, Ingo Ruczinski, Susan H. Eshleman, H. Benjamin Larman
Summary: Low HIV viral load is linked to delayed disease progression and reduced transmission, with HIV controllers able to suppress viral load without treatment. The study used the VirScan antibody profiling system to compare antibody reactivity in different HIV groups. Results showed that controllers had higher antibody reactivity to certain peptides compared to non-controllers who were virally suppressed on ART.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Daniel Pan, Joshua Nazareth, Shirley Sze, Christopher A. Martin, Jonathan Decker, Eve Fletcher, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Michael R. Barer, Manish Pareek, Julian W. Tang
Summary: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has become a global concern. Recent studies have provided evidence on the transmission of MPXV, which can help in shaping evidence-based policies and dispelling misinformation. It has been found that viable viruses can survive on high-touch surfaces for up to 15 days. Sexual transmission appears to be the main route of transmission, with evidence of the virus present in saliva, nasopharynx, and sperm for prolonged periods. The current circulating variant of MPXV has shown milder clinical presentations and a higher transmissibility, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSMs).
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sabine Schwarzer, Thomas Hackl, Hanna M. Oksanen, Tessa E. F. Quax
Summary: Viruses are highly diverse and abundant organisms that infect microorganisms, including archaea. Archaeal viruses have been less studied compared to viruses infecting bacteria and eukaryotes. In this study, researchers investigated the infection mechanism of archaeal virus HFTV1 and found that it binds to the cell wall component surface-layer protein for infection. Electron microscopy revealed that viral particles make direct contact with the cell surface, enhancing viral adsorption rates. This study provides insights into the entry mechanisms of archaeal viruses and expands our understanding of microbial viruses in general.
Article
Orthopedics
Eloy Tabeayo, Priscilla H. Chan, Heather A. Prentice, Mark T. Dillon, Karimdad Otarodi, Anshuman Singh
Summary: The study showed that patients with a larger critical shoulder angle (CSA) were more likely to require revision surgery following primary total shoulder arthroplasty, especially in cases of glenoid loosening or rotator cuff tear. These findings suggest that surgeons may consider using reverse arthroplasty in cases with a higher CSA angle.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Heather A. Prentice, Priscilla H. Chan, Nithin C. Reddy, Ronald A. Navarro, Robert S. Namba, Elizabeth W. Paxton
Summary: The study aimed to assess the risk of aseptic revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients with and without a history of primary or revision arthroplasty of a different major joint. A matched cohort study was conducted using data from Kaiser Permanente's arthroplasty registries. The results showed that patients without a history of prior aseptic revision in a different joint had a higher risk of aseptic revision in the index knee, while no difference in aseptic revision risk was observed for patients with a history of primary arthroplasty in a different joint. Patients with a history of revision had over a 2-fold higher risk of aseptic revision in the index knee, emphasizing the need for close surveillance of these patients.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Jacob Gorbaty, Priscilla H. Chan, Matthew D. McElvany, Heather A. Prentice, Edward H. Yian
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether the use of TXA reduces the risk of infection after primary elective shoulder arthroplasty. A retrospective cohort study of over 9000 patients found that the preoperative use of TXA was not associated with a decrease in the 5-year probability of revision for deep infection.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Nithin C. Reddy, Richard N. Chang, Heather A. Prentice, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Matthew P. Kelly, Monti Khatod
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of two different geometric designs for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The results showed that compared to double-wedge designs, single-wedge designs were more prone to revision due to aseptic loosening. Therefore, femoral stem geometry should be considered when selecting a cementless femoral implant.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Gurpreet Singh, Heather A. Prentice, Benjamin A. Winston, Erik W. Kroger
Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of aspirin and potent anticoagulation agents in preventing VTE after TKA and THA. The results showed that aspirin was as effective as LMWH and warfarin in both TKA and THA, and it was also effective in higher-risk patients. However, the noninferiority of aspirin compared to factor Xa inhibitors has not been confirmed.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Kanu Okike, Richard N. Chang, Priscilla H. Chan, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Heather A. Prentice
Summary: This study investigated prolonged opioid usage after hip fracture in older individuals and found that the risk factors included younger age, female gender, smoking history, fracture fixation, and anxiety. Prolonged usage was less common among Asian patients and those with a history of dementia.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Gregory B. Maletis, Heather A. Prentice, Ronald W. B. Wyatt, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Tadashi T. Funahashi
Summary: We evaluated if allograft utilization for primary ACL reconstruction changed after implementing a program to reduce allograft use, and if revision rates changed after the intervention. Our study showed a decrease in allograft utilization and a decrease in ACL reconstruction revision rates following the intervention.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Nathan D. Orvets, Priscilla H. Chan, Jeremiah M. Taylor, Heather A. Prentice, Ronald A. Navarro, Ivan A. Garcia
Summary: RTSA and TSA for GHOA with an intact rotator cuff in patients aged >= 70 years had similar revision risk, as well as a similar likelihood of 90-day ED visits and readmissions. However, the most common causes of revision differed, with rotator cuff tears in TSA patients and glenoid component loosening in RTSA patients.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Michael Hachadorian, Richard N. Chang, Heather A. Prentice, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Anita G. Rao, Ronald A. Navarro, Anshuman Singh
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of same-day discharge vs. inpatient shoulder arthroplasty (SA) in a cohort of higher risk patients. The study found that same-day discharge did not increase the likelihood of emergency department visits, readmissions, or complications compared to inpatient SA, and same-day discharge was not inferior to inpatient SA regarding readmissions and overall complications.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Johan M. Forslund, Priscilla H. Chan, Heather A. Prentice, Amanda C. Purdy, Monti Khatod
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of implementing a preoperative optimization protocol on patient selection and 90-day postoperative outcomes before and after total joint arthroplasty. The results showed that the implementation of the preoperative optimization protocol significantly reduced emergency department visits, readmission, deep infection, venous thromboembolism, and mortality. This suggests that the preoperative optimization protocol can help select more suitable patients to improve surgical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Heather A. Prentice, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Jessica E. Harris, Joy Garg, Thomas F. Rehring, Nicolas A. Nelken, Homayon Hajarizadeh, Jeffrey H. Hsu, Robert W. Chang
Summary: The risk for 90-day returns to care and long-term subsequent surgical interventions after primary endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with the Endologix AFX Endovascular AAA System was evaluated compared with three other high-volume endograft devices. The study found that compared to other devices, the use of AFX/AFX2 had a higher risk for type III endoleak, revision surgery >1 year after primary EVAR, rupture, and aneurysm-related mortality.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Raffy Mirzayan, Richard N. Chang, Kathryn E. Royse, Heather A. Prentice, Gregory B. Maletis
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of aseptic revision following hamstring autograft (HA) versus hybrid graft (HY) in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The results showed no differences in revision risk between HA < 8 mm and HY >= 8 mm.
KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Clive M. M. Michelo, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Jama A. A. Dalel, Peter Hayes, Jianming Tang, Edward McGowan, William Kilembe, Natalia Fernandez, Jill Gilmour, Eric Hunter
Summary: This study evaluates the breadth and depth estimates of potential T-cell epitopes in HIV-1+ PBMC donor samples. The results show that global and cohort-specific peptides have broader epitope coverage compared to consensus peptides, and can identify unique epitope responses. Therefore, designing peptide sets based on specific virologic and immunogenetic characteristics can better define the host response to HIV-1 and have implications for vaccine development.
Article
Surgery
J. Spivak, P. H. Chan, H. A. Prentice, E. W. Paxton, E. R. Brill
Summary: The purpose of this study was to describe a cohort of patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair and evaluate the risk for postoperative events by surgeon and hospital volume within each surgical approach. The results showed that high-volume surgeons may reduce reoperation risk following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
Article
Surgery
Cheryl L. Park, P. H. Chan, H. A. Prentice, K. Sucher, E. R. Brill, E. W. Paxton, B. Laxa
Summary: This study identified several risk factors associated with reoperation following inguinal hernia repair, including increasing age, female gender, increasing body mass index, White race, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, drug abuse, peripheral vascular disease, and bilateral procedures. These risk factors may be targeted for optimization protocols to reduce reoperation risk prior to elective inguinal hernia repair.