Article
Plant Sciences
Yi-Chen Lee, Pei-Ting Tsai, Xun-Xian Huang, Huang-Lung Tsai
Summary: BARLEY B-RECOMBINANT/BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BBR/BPC) family members are plant-specific GAGA-motif binding factors (GAFs) controlling multiple developmental processes of growth and propagation. This study reveals the importance of BPCs in regulating growth and development by forming a meticulous repressor network. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling plant growth and development.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sonam Popli, Sukanya Chakravarty, Shumin Fan, Anna Glanz, Siddhesh Aras, Laura E. Nagy, Ganes C. Sen, Ritu Chakravarti, Saurabh Chattopadhyay
Summary: IRF3 exerts antiviral effects through its transcriptional and apoptotic activities, as well as the repression of IRF3-mediated NF-kappa B activity (RIKA), which attenuates viral activation of NF-kappa B and inflammatory gene induction.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Xingxing Wang, Weiwei Zeng, Nikolaus Osterrieder
Summary: Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging orthomyxovirus-like pathogen that causes high mortality rates in tilapia and poses a serious threat to the global tilapia industry. While TiLV can infect and replicate in various fish cell lines, its infection and replication in mammalian cells have not been documented until now. This study demonstrates the antiviral activity of mammalian type I interferon against TiLV, suggesting a potential mechanism of TiLV pathogenesis and providing insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies against this important fish pathogen.
Editorial Material
Virology
Sukanya Chakravarty, Ritu Chakravarti, Saurabh Chattopadhyay
Summary: Inflammatory responses during virus infection have different effects on the host, and managing these responses is crucial for controlling viral infection and related diseases. A recently discovered cellular anti-inflammatory mechanism called RIKA (Repression of IRF3-mediated inhibition of NF-kappa B activity) has been found to regulate viral inflammation and pathogenesis. The RIKA function of IRF3 may have potential applications in other inflammatory diseases beyond viral infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuai Wang, Shuying Han, Xiangui Zhou, Changjiang Zhao, Lina Guo, Junqi Zhang, Fei Liu, Qixin Huo, Wensheng Zhao, Zejian Guo, Xujun Chen
Summary: The rice transcription factor gene OsWRKY31 is a key component in the MPK signaling pathway involved in rice disease resistance. OsWRKY31 is phosphorylated and ubiquitinated in the defense signaling pathway mediated by OsMKK10-2.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gunter Maubach, Michael Vieth, Francesco Boccellato, Michael Naumann
Summary: NF-03 signaling pathways are crucial for immune response and gastric pathophysiology, and their alterations induced by Helicobacter pylori infection have implications for gastric diseases.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathieu Iampietro, Claire Dumont, Cyrille Mathieu, Julia Spanier, Jonathan Robert, Aude Charpenay, Sebastien Dupichaud, Kevin P. Dhondt, Noemie Aurine, Rodolphe Pelissier, Marion Ferren, Stephane Mely, Denis Gerlier, Ulrich Kalinke, Branka Horvat
Summary: The cGAS/STING pathway plays a critical role in controlling paramyxovirus infection, with cGAS or STING deletion leading to reduced type I interferon production and enhanced viral infection. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of STING during viral infections confirm the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway by NiV and MeV.
Review
Microbiology
Hui Feng, Yi-Bing Zhang, Jian-Fang Gui, Stanley M. Lemon, Daisuke Yamane
Summary: IRF1, a key nuclear factor, not only activates interferon genes, but also regulates host defense against invading pathogens. Conserved in vertebrates, IRF1 plays an important role in combating viral infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Hajjar, Nayanan Nathan, Julie Joseph, Walid Mottawea, Ardeshir Ariana, Sergey Pyatibrat, Mary-Ellen Harper, Tommy Alain, Alexandre Blais, Ryan C. Russell, Subash Sad
Summary: Mutations in susceptibility alleles associated with gut-inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease do not always impact disease progression due to compensatory genes. Reduction in Foxo3a expression in IL-10-deficient mice leads to a severe Crohn's-like disease, which can be rescued by deleting specific cells and inhibiting mTORC1. Foxo3a suppresses glutaminolysis in activated T cells, acting as a critical checkpoint to prevent fulminant gut inflammatory disease development.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chengjian Fan, Hang Su, Zhiwei Liao, Juanjuan Su, Chunrong Yang, Yongan Zhang, Jianguo Su
Summary: The teleost-specific Mx protein MxG in grass carp is induced by IFNs and viruses to negatively regulate antiviral responses mediated by IPS-1 and STING, facilitating virus replication. This study identified MxG as a negative regulator in the Mx family and provided insights into a novel mechanism regulating the IFN response.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Liuqing Yang, Kequan Lin, Lin Zhu, Huili Wang, Shuaishuai Teng, Lijun Huang, Shiyi Zhou, Guanbin Zhang, Zhi John Lu, Dong Wang
Summary: The long non-coding RNA DARS-AS1 is involved in the inhibition of the PACT-PKR pathway and promotes cancer cell proliferation. This study elucidates the mechanism of DARS-AS1 in cancer and suggests it as a potential target for cancer therapy and prognosis.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ya-Ling Chang, Yu-Wen Liao, Min-Hsuan Chen, Sui-Yuan Chang, Yao-Ting Huang, Bing-Ching Ho, Sung-Liang Yu
Summary: The interaction between pathogens and hosts is crucial for understanding infectious diseases. In the case of EV71 infection, host cells trigger IKK epsilon isoform switching to increase interferon production and boost antiviral defense.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vladimir Lazeti, Fengting Wu, Lianne B. Cohen, Kirthi C. Reddy, Ya-Ting Chang, Spencer S. Gang, Gira Bhabha, Emily R. Troemel
Summary: The study revealed that zip-1 functions as a regulator in the defense against intracellular infection in the model nematode C. elegans, controlling the activation of the intracellular pathogen response and enhancing resistance to pathogens.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
David Y. Zander, Sandy S. Burkart, Sandra Wuest, Vladimir G. Magalhaes, Marco Binder
Summary: Proper response to DNA damage is crucial for eukaryotic cells. The pathways and mechanisms involved in the DNA damage response are not only important for maintaining homeostasis, but also have implications in cancer treatment. Recent findings have highlighted the role of cell-intrinsic antiviral signaling pathways in response to DNA breaks. Specifically, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and IRF1 have been shown to be critical for inducing cell death upon DNA double-strand breaks. The regulation of IRF1 does not require activation of RLR signaling, but rather sensing of DNA damage. These results suggest the potential use of IRF1 as a biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy and exploring combined pharmacological stimulation of RLR and IRF1 signaling as a potential adjuvant regimen in tumor therapy.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Christopher James Arthur Duncan, Sophie Hambleton
Summary: STAT2 is unique among the STAT family members in its involvement exclusively in type I and III interferon signaling pathways, acting as both a positive and negative regulator of IFN-I signaling. Opposing functions of STAT2 in monogenic diseases are evident, with autosomal recessive STAT2 deficiency leading to heightened susceptibility to severe viral diseases and homozygous missense substitutions causing severe type I interferonopathy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Daniela Suesskind, Jose Hurst, Jens Martin Rohrbach, Sven Schnichels
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Ophthalmology
M. Loescher, J. Hurst, L. Strudel, M. S. Spitzer, S. Schnichels
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jan Willem de Vries, Sven Schnichels, Jose Hurst, Lisa Strudel, Agnieszka Gruszka, Minseok Kwak, Karl-U. Bartz-Schmidt, Martin S. Spitzer, Andreas Herrmann
Article
Ophthalmology
Siegfried Mariacher, Martina Ebner, Jose Hurst, Peter Szurman, Kai Januschowski
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Januschowski, Sven Schnichels, Jose Hurst, Christine Hohenadl, Charlotte Reither, Annekatrin Rickmann, Lisa Pohl, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Martin S. Spitzer
Article
Ophthalmology
Patricia Klemm, Jose Hurst, Matthias Dias Blak, Thoralf Herrmann, Marion Melchinger, Karl U. Bartz-Schmidt, Guenther Zeck, Maximilian Schultheiss, Martin S. Spitzer, Sven Schnichels
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sven Schnichels, Maximilian Schultheiss, Patricia Klemm, Matthias Blak, Thoralf Herrmann, Marion Melchinger, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Marina Loescher, Guenther Zeck, Martin Stehphan Spitzer, Jose Hurst
Summary: This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Cyclosporine A (CsA) on rat retinas, showing that a concentration of 9 μg/mL CsA had significant neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells under hypoxic conditions without negative effects. Further in vivo studies are warranted to explore the potential of local CsA treatment for hypoxic retinal diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marina Loescher, Chiara Seiz, Jose Hurst, Sven Schnichels
Summary: This review discusses the challenges of topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. It focuses on drug characteristics, ocular barriers, animal models, and delivery systems to improve ocular drug delivery. Promising results suggest the possibility of topical treatment for retinal diseases, calling for further research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alice Rocha Teixeira Netto, Jose Hurst, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Sven Schnichels
Summary: A porcine ex vivo dry eye model was established in this study by incubating porcine corneas in low humidity. The model exhibited increased expression of dry eye markers and higher cell death rate compared to the controls. Treatment with dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid was able to reverse some of these effects. The model provides a valuable tool for animal-free testing of novel dry eye treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalie Wagner, Armin Safaei, Jose Hurst, Pia A. Vogt, H. Burkhard Dick, Stephanie C. Joachim, Sven Schnichels
Summary: This study established a porcine organotypic co-cultivation model to investigate the interactions between photoreceptor and RPE cells. The results showed that co-cultivation had beneficial effects on the neuroretina, preserving photoreceptors and maintaining synaptic vesicles in vitro.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnes Fietz, Jose Hurst, Sven Schnichels
Summary: Awareness of the risks of blue light exposure is increasing due to the use of blue light-enriched LEDs in displays. Blue light has been linked to eye diseases such as dry eye, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration. While the effects of blue light on retinal pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptors have been extensively studied, less is known about its effects on Muller cells. Muller cells play crucial roles in supporting the retina, but their reaction to stress has been assumed to be secondary. However, this study found that increased oxidative stress caused by blue light exposure can significantly harm Muller cell function. Red light was found to have a protective effect, partially preventing cell damage caused by blue light exposure. This research suggests that preventing cell death of Muller cells could be a promising therapy to enhance retinal survival.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sven Schnichels, David Simmang, Marina Loescher, Andreas Herrmann, Jan Willem de Vries, Martin S. Spitzer, Jose Hurst
Summary: Retinal eye diseases are a major cause of blindness in the Western world, and current treatments involving intravitreal injections of concentrated drugs have numerous drawbacks. In this study, lipid-DNA nanoparticles were investigated as a potential carrier system for delivering drugs to the posterior part of the eye. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent biodistribution and retention, reaching the retina within minutes and offering a potentially safe and long-term solution for small molecule or nucleotide-based therapies.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Alice Rocha Teixeira Netto, Marc Dieter Hrusa, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Sven Schnichels, Jose Hurst
Summary: In ophthalmic research, there is a need for in vitro corneal cell models. Two different methods, the outgrowth and collagenase method, were described for cultivating primary corneal cells from porcine eyes. The outgrowth method requires fewer eyes and less time compared to the collagenase method, while the collagenase method yields mature cells earlier, within 2-3 weeks.
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ana M. Maliha, Sandra Kuehn, Jose Hurst, Fenja Herms, Michael Fehr, Karl U. Bartz-Schmidt, H. Burkhard Dick, Stephanie C. Joachim, Sven Schnichels
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jose Hurst, Milda Vitkute, Kathleen Hofmann, Sebastian Mueller, Marina Loscher, Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Martin S. Spitzer, Sven Schnichels, Kai Januschowski
CURRENT EYE RESEARCH
(2018)