Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Pijus K. Barman, Helen S. Goodridge
Summary: Balanced production of immune cells is important for immune surveillance, and commensal microbes can influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) activity. HSPCs sense microbes through pattern recognition receptors and cytokine receptors, and the long-term effects of microbial stimuli on HSPCs are significant. There may be a connection between myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and elevated levels of microbiome-derived components in aging and metabolic stress. Trained immunity-based vaccines that exploit microbial stimulation of HSPCs show promise.
Review
Immunology
Debipreeta Bhowmik, Fanxiu Zhu
Summary: Sensing viral constituents is crucial for host immune defense against viruses. Host DNA sensors have been discovered and their mechanisms elucidated, but herpesviruses employ diverse strategies to evade host DNA sensing.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Ananda Ayyappan Jaguva Vasudevan, Daniel Becker, Tom Luedde, Holger Gohlke, Carsten Munk
Summary: Non-human primates are a significant source of viruses that can be transmitted to humans, including a unique class of retroviruses called foamy viruses. These viruses are common in various mammalian natural hosts but not in humans, and their viral life cycle differs significantly from other retroviruses. Foamy viruses can replicate in the presence of many well-defined retroviral restriction factors, presenting unique challenges for understanding their interaction with host cells.
Review
Microbiology
Teresa Cesaro, Thomas Michiels
Summary: PKR functions as both a sensor and an effector in the response to viral infections, self-activating after sensing double-stranded RNA molecules in infected cells to exert its antiviral function by blocking translation machinery and inducing apoptosis. Viruses have developed various strategies to counteract the antiviral potency of PKR, ranging from preventing double-stranded RNA recognition upstream from PKR activation to activating eIF2B downstream from PKR targets.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Le Yu, Pengda Liu
Summary: cGAS is a major cytosolic DNA sensor that, when hyperactivated, contributes to autoimmune diseases but serves as an adjuvant for anticancer immune therapy; inactivation of cGAS signaling causes difficulty in sensing and clearing infections, as well as facilitating tumor immune evasion, therefore cGAS activation is tightly controlled.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yinghui Li, Mei He, Wenshan Zhang, Wei Liu, Hui Xu, Ming Yang, Hexiao Zhang, Haiwei Liang, Wenjing Li, Zhaozhao Wu, Weichao Fu, Shiqi Xu, Xiaolei Liu, Sibin Fan, Liwei Zhou, Chaoqun Wang, Lele Zhang, Yafang Li, Jiali Gu, Jingjing Yin, Yiran Zhang, Yonghui Xia, Xuemei Mao, Tao Cheng, Jun Shi, Yanan Du, Yingdai Gao
Summary: This study presents a biomimetic microniche-based system for expanding human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), particularly megakaryocyte-biased HSCs. The expansion of HSCs was demonstrated from various sources using this system, and scalability was achieved in a stirred bioreactor. Furthermore, the study identifies a specific immune phenotype for the expanded megakaryocyte-biased HSCs. This research provides a flexible HSC expansion strategy and contributes to the understanding and potential clinical application of HSC-based therapies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hongnuan Wang, Wei Li, Shijun J. Zheng
Summary: Innate immunity plays a crucial role in defending against pathogenic infections, and studying avian viruses can help develop new vaccines and treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jiaqi Li, Yanjin Wang, Hao Deng, Su Li, Hua-Ji Qiu
Summary: Cellular metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses, including both innate and adaptive immunity. Viral infections induce metabolic reprogramming, which affects immune cell function, immune molecule expression, and cell fate. It is vital to explore effector molecules involved in immunometabolism, such as metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and other related molecules, for the development of antiviral drugs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bailee N. Kain, Brandon T. Tran, Pamela N. Luna, Ruoqiong Cao, Duy T. Le, Marcus A. Florez, Laure Maneix, Jack D. Toups, Daniel E. Morales-Mantilla, Scott Koh, Hyojeong Han, Roman Jaksik, Yun Huang, Andre Catic, Chad A. Shaw, Katherine Y. King
Summary: Recent studies have found that infection can reprogram hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to enhance innate immune responses, a phenomenon known as trained immunity. In this study using mice, it was discovered that HSPCs activate interferon gamma-response genes heterogeneously upon primary infection, and rare cell populations expand. Macrophages derived from trained HSPCs demonstrated enhanced bacterial killing and metabolism, and a single dose of recombinant interferon gamma exposure was enough to induce similar training. Furthermore, transplantation of influenza-trained HSPCs in mice resulted in enhanced immunity against M. avium, demonstrating cross-protection against different pathogens. These findings suggest that HSPCs can produce long-term bone marrow derived macrophages with enhanced function and provide cross-protection against alternative pathogens.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miguel Reyes, Samantha M. Leff, Matteo Gentili, Nir Hacohen, Paul C. Blainey
Summary: Cells respond to various signals by adopting complex transcriptional states. Most single-cell profiling is done at baseline, ignoring cells' potential functional responses. Single-cell genomics combined with multiplexing techniques provide a useful tool for characterizing cell states across experimental conditions.
Review
Microbiology
Li Gao, Shijun Zheng, Yongqiang Wang
Summary: This review discusses the interaction between avian DNA viruses and the host innate immune system, covering the current knowledge of chicken DNA viruses, the functions of DNA sensors in avian innate immunity, and recent progress in chicken DNA virus evasion from host innate immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Hematology
Vincenzo Calvanese, Hanna K. A. Mikkola
Summary: Developmental hematopoiesis is a complex process involving the generation of differentiated blood cells and the establishment of a pool of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for postnatal life. Recent single-cell studies have identified rare human HSCs and traced their origin to a unique type of arterial endothelium in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. These studies provide new insights into HSC generation and may inform efforts to generate HSCs from pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Alanna Van Huizen, Shannon McKinney-Freeman
Summary: A cytokine-free culture system for expanding functional human HSCs is proposed, offering potential clinical benefits in transplantation and HSC research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ghizlane Maarifi, Justine Lagisquet, Quentin Hertel, Boris Bonaventure, Celia Chamontin, Kyra Fuchs, Olivier Moncorge, Marine Tauziet, Margaux Mombled, Laure Papin, Jean-Pierre Moles, Charles Bodet, Nicolas Leveque, Antoine Gross, Nathalie Arhel, Sebastien Nisole, Philippe Van de Perre, Caroline Goujon, Fabien P. Blanchet
Summary: Dendritic cell subsets like Langerhans cells play a role in pathogen sensing, and the alarmin S100A9 has been identified as an intracellular antiretroviral factor. The expression of S100A9 is decreased upon LC maturation and correlates with enhanced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Silencing of S100A9 relieves HIV-1 restriction in human LC, while overexpression in cell lines promotes resistance to both HIV-1 and MLV by affecting reverse transcription.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiaoyang Liao, Shuanghong Chen, Shenlin Hsiao, Yanhong Jiang, Yang Yang, Yuanjin Zhang, Xin Wang, Yongrong Lai, Daniel E. Bauer, Yuxuan Wu
Summary: Researchers applied adenine base editing technology to the hematopoietic stem cells of beta-thalassemia patients, successfully introducing nucleotide substitutions to enhance fetal hemoglobin expression and correct common mutations. These findings suggest the potential of adenine base editing for the treatment of inherited monogenic blood disorders.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Soledad Henriquez, Jeremie Zerbit, Timothee Bruel, Amani Ouedrani, Delphine Planas, Paul Deschamps, Isabelle Staropoli, Jerome Hadjadj, Bruno Varet, Natalia Ermak, Didier Bouscary, Lise Willems, Guillemette Fouquet, Justine Decroocq, Patricia Franchi, Benedicte Deau-Fischer, Benjamin Terrier, Jerome Tamburini, Lucienne Chatenoud, Olivier Schwartz, Marguerite Vignon
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeremy Dufloo, Cyril Planchais, Stephane Fremont, Valerie Lorin, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Karl Stefic, Nicoletta Casartelli, Arnaud Echard, Philippe Roingeard, Hugo Mouquet, Olivier Schwartz, Timothee Bruel
Summary: Researchers have found that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can not only neutralize HIV-1, but also block the release of viral particles by trapping them on the surface of infected cells. This study reveals an additional antiviral mechanism of bNAbs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mathieu Hubert, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Timothee Bruel, Francoise Porrot, Delphine Planas, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Aurelie Wiedemann, Sonia Burrel, Stephane Marot, Romain Palich, Gentiane Monsel, Harouna Diombera, Sebastien Gallien, Jose Luis Lopez-Zaragoza, William Vindrios, Fabien Taieb, Sandrine Fernandes-Pellerin, Maurine Delhaye, Helene Laude, Laurence Arowas, Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer, Laurent Hocqueloux, Valerie Pourcher, Thierry Prazuck, Anne-Genevieve Marcelin, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Christophe Batejat, Yves Levy, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Olivier Schwartz
Summary: The third generation modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine is effective in preventing MPXV infection. The levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are influenced by age and previous smallpox vaccination history.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rejane Rua, Nathalie Pujol
Summary: In this study, researchers discovered that a specific metabolite can be recognized by Caenorhabditis elegans, leading to the activation of detoxifying enzymes and immunity-related genes through binding with a nuclear hormone receptor, thus protecting the worm from pathogenic bacteria.
Article
Immunology
Michael Valente, Nils Collinet, Thien-Phong Vu Manh, Dimitri Popoff, Khalissa Rahmani, Karima Naciri, Gilles Bessou, Rejane Rua, Laurine Gil, Cyrille Mionnet, Pierre Milpied, Elena Tomasello, Marc Dalod
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Delphine Planas, Timothee Bruel, Isabelle Staropoli, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Francoise Porrot, Piet Maes, Ludivine Grzelak, Matthieu Prot, Said Mougari, Cyril Planchais, Julien Puech, Madelina Saliba, Riwan Sahraoui, Florent Femy, Nathalie Morel, Jeremy Dufloo, Rafael Sanjuan, Hugo Mouquet, Emmanuel Andre, Laurent Hocqueloux, Etienne Simon-Loriere, David Veyer, Thierry Prazuck, Helene Pere, Olivier Schwartz
Summary: Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 lineages have led to the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, and BQ.1.1. These subvariants carry additional mutations in the spike protein, potentially increasing transmissibility and evading immune responses. The study found that the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and serum from vaccinated individuals against these subvariants varies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lou-Lena Vrignaud, Olivier Schwartz, Timothee Bruel
Summary: The discovery of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) has provided new hope for vaccine design and cure of HIV-1 infection. These antibodies not only recognize the HIV-1 Envelope and inhibit viral fusion, but also activate immune cells and interfere with viral spread through nonneutralizing activities. This review focuses on the landscape of bNAbs functions and their contribution to clinical efficacy.
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
M. Znaidia, Y. de Souza-Angelo, S. Letoffe, I. Staropoli, L. Grzelak, J. M. Ghigo, O. Schwartz, N. Casartelli
Summary: Microbial translocation is associated with systemic immune activation in HIV-1 disease. Some bacteria can activate T cells and enhance HIV-1 replication, suggesting a role of bacterial factors in promoting T cell activation and HIV-1 replication.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Annie Roussel-Queval, Julie Rebejac, Elisa Eme-Scolan, Laurie Arnaud Paroutaud, Rejane Rua
Summary: This article presents techniques for the immunological and virological assessment of mouse dural meninges. It includes steps for immunophenotyping and viral assessment upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guillaume Lingas, Delphine Planas, Helene Pere, Francoise Porrot, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Isabelle Staropoli, Darragh Duffy, Nicolas Chapuis, Camille Gobeaux, David Veyer, Constance Delaugerre, Jerome Le Goff, Prunelle Getten, Jerome Hadjadj, Adele Bellino, Beatrice Parfait, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Olivier Schwartz, Jeremie Guedj, Solen Kerneis, Benjamin Terrier
Summary: This study analyzed the kinetics of neutralizing antibody levels during acute infection with the alpha variant and showed that increases in neutralizing antibodies led to a shorter half-life of infected cells and infectious viral particles, resulting in rapid viral clearance. Simulation studies predicted that a high neutralizing activity could significantly reduce the risk of detectable viral load and infectiousness.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Elisa Eme-Scolan, Laurie Arnaud-Paroutaud, Narjess Haidar, Annie Roussel-Queval, Rejane Rua
Summary: Important discoveries have been made in the field of neuroimmunology, specifically regarding the role of meninges in brain infection and cognitive disorders. This review discusses the protective role of meningeal layers in the central nervous system against various infections and explores the neurological consequences of meningeal infections in both neonates and adults. The aim is to provide an integrated view of meningeal immune regulations and their impact on CNS infections and neurological outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Dominique Mahe, Salome Bourgeau, Janaina da Silva, Julie Schlederer, Anne-Pascale Satie, Nadege Kuassivi, Romain Mathieu, Yves-Marie Guillou, Anna Le Tortorec, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Olivier Schwartz, Ingrid Plotton, Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
Summary: This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can infect testicular cells in an ex vivo model, but the virus replication is slow and has minimal impact on testicular morphology and hormonal functions, suggesting that direct deleterious effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the testes are unlikely.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yann Aquino, Aurelie Bisiaux, Zhi Li, Mary O'Neill, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Sarah Helene Merkling, Gaspard Kerner, Milena Hasan, Valentina Libri, Vincent Bondet, Nikaia Smith, Camille de Cevins, Mickael Menager, Francesca Luca, Roger Pique-Regi, Giovanna Barba-Spaeth, Stefano Pietropaoli, Olivier Schwartz, Geert Leroux-Roels, Cheuk-Kwong Lee, Kathy Leung, Joseph T. Wu, Malik Peiris, Roberto Bruzzone, Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Sophie A. Valkenburg, Darragh Duffy, Etienne Patin, Maxime Rotival, Lluis Quintana-Murci
Summary: Humans exhibit significant individual clinical variability after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the genetic and immunological basis for this variability is being studied. In this study, researchers analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from 222 healthy donors with diverse ancestries, who were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus. They found that SARS-CoV-2 induces weaker but more heterogeneous immune responses compared to influenza A virus, and identified population differences in transcriptional responses to viruses driven by changes in cell composition. The study also highlights the impact of genetic variants on immune responses and the role of natural selection in population differences. Furthermore, they uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Neanderthal introgression has influenced immune functions. Additionally, the researchers reveal an overlap between the genetic basis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity, shedding light on the factors contributing to disparities in COVID-19 risk.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Remy Char, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Cedric Jacqueline, Marion Davieau, Maria-Graciela Delgado, Clara Soufflet, Mathieu Fallet, Lionel Chasson, Raphael Chapuy, Voahirana Camosseto, Eva Strock, Rejane Rua, Catarina R. Almeida, Bing Su, Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil, Beatrice Nal, Antoine Roquilly, Yinming Liang, Stephane Meresse, Evelina Gatti, Philippe Pierre
Summary: This study shows that iRUFY3 plays a role in perinuclear positioning, phagocyte migration and antigen presentation during Salmonella infection. iRUFY3 controls macrophages migration, MHC II presentation and responses to Interferon-γ, while being important for intracellular Salmonella replication.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tom Woudenberg, Laurie Pinaud, Laura Garcia, Laura Tondeur, Stephane Pelleau, Alix De Thoisy, Francoise Donnadieu, Marija Backovic, Mikael Attia, Nathanael Hoze, Cecile Duru, Aymar Davy Koffi, Sandrine Castelain, Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Delphine Planas, Timothee Bruel, Simon Cauchemez, Olivier Schwartz, Arnaud Fontanet, Michael White
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop a method that predicts virus neutralisation and disease protection based on variant-specific antibody measurements to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Using a prediction model, the researchers were able to estimate population immunity and determine the vulnerability of individuals with different types of immunity. The results showed the importance of vaccination in providing strong protection against symptomatic or severe COVID-19.