Article
Immunology
Chang-zhan Xie, Zheng Wang, Zhuo Ha, Ying Zhang, Yu-biao Xie, He Zhang, Fu-long Nan, Jin-yong Zhang, Guan-yu Zhao, Zhuo-xin Li, Cheng-hui Li, Cheng-dong Yu, Ping Zhang, Hui-jun Lu, Ning-yi Jin
Summary: The study identified a new PRRSV strain, PRRSV-HB-16-China-2019, in China, which is a novel NSP2-deletion NADC30-like strain with specific deletions and mutations. This strain, recombined between a NADC30-like strain and a vaccine strain, poses a challenge to PRRSV prevention in China.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Can Kong, Dan Li, Yanxin Hu, Peng Gao, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major threat to the world swine industry. Genetic variations within the nsp2 region present an intriguing conundrum to PRRSV biology and pathogenesis. By constructing chimeric mutants, this study highlights the significance of nsp2 genetic variation in modulating PRRSV virulence and persistence via immune modulation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Zhiyu Yang, Huiyang Sha, Weili Kong, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: Research on the GP5 protein is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We provide a summary of its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, and interaction with viral and host proteins, which lays a foundation for understanding PRRSV replication mechanisms and vaccine development.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hang Zhang, Huiyang Sha, Limei Qin, Nina Wang, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Studying the interactions between PRRSV and host proteins is crucial for understanding host defense against viral infections and the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases.
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study indicated that co-infection of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus weakened the protective effect of PRRS modified live virus vaccine while enhancing antibody responses. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals helped reduce viral load and potentiate T cell responses. The upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in vaccinated pigs' lungs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Huiyang Sha, Gan Li, Xuanru Mu, Yingxin He, Weili Kong, Anfeng Wu, Haoji Zhang, Xingang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the genetic evolution of NSP11, its impact on PRRSV replication and virulence, its interactions with other PRRSV and host proteins, its regulation of host immunity, the conserved characteristics of its enzyme activity (NendoU), and its diagnosis. It provides an essential theoretical basis for in-depth studies on PRRSV pathogenesis and vaccine design.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mengmeng Zhao, Huiyang Sha, Huawei Li, Hang Zhang, Liangzong Huang, Ruining Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that porcine OASL1 inhibits PRRSV-2 infection through activation of MDA5, providing new evidence for understanding the mechanism.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Xin-xin Chen, Songlin Qiao, Rui Li, Jing Wang, Xuewu Li, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: By studying how PRRSV evades host immune responses, we can understand that the virus establishes long-term infection through various complex mechanisms, which is a major obstacle in controlling PRRS disease. Understanding the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will contribute to the development of novel antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mengmeng Zhao, Huiyang Sha, Hang Zhang, Ruining Wang
Summary: This study found that TRIM4 gene inhibits the proliferation of PRRSV through ubiquitination and degradation of the NSP2 protein, providing a new insight for the development of new antiviral targets.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yanrong Zhou, Yang Li, Ran Tao, Jia Li, Liurong Fang, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: PRRSV infection and nsp5 overexpression activate incomplete autophagy by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. This is achieved by blocking the interaction of STX17 with SNAP29, leading to the impairment of autophagic flux.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhiqing Zhang, Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Since its isolation in China in 1995, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been mutating into highly pathogenic strains. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) in the main strain prevalent in China, PRRSV-2. The results showed that NSP1 is a stable hydrophobic protein with high nucleotide and amino acid similarity among different strains. The study lays the foundation for understanding the nature and genetic variation of NSP1 and future vaccine development.
Article
Virology
Hong Duan, Xu Chen, Ziwei Zhang, Zhijie Zhang, Zhihan Li, Xinjie Wang, Jiakai Zhao, Yuchen Nan, Baoyuan Liu, Angke Zhang, Yani Sun, Qin Zhao
Summary: This study evaluated the antiviral activity of two nanobodies against PRRSV and found that one of them could effectively inhibit viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. The study also provided new insights into the molecular basis of PRRSV N protein self-binding and assembly of viral particles.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Veit, Mohamed Rasheed Gadalla, Minze Zhang
Summary: This study used the artificial intelligence-based system alphafold2 to predict the structure of Gp5/M in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The predicted structure revealed a dimeric core and an open cavity beneath the membrane, and showed similarities to the M and Orf3a proteins of coronaviruses. The study also discussed the role of Gp5/M in virus replication and the mechanisms of antibody-dependent virus neutralization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Loic Vivien Bocard, Andrew Robert Kick, Corinne Hug, Heidi Erika Lisa Lischer, Tobias Kaser, Artur Summerfield
Summary: This study aimed to understand the nature of innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV, revealing differences in regulation by PRRSV-2 strains and MLV. Different PRRSV strains induced varied immune responses, impacting platelet activation, dendritic cell activity, interferon type I, and plasma cell responses. Correlations of BTMs with T-cell responses showed both positive and negative associations post-infection, indicating complexities in immune regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jordan T. T. VanderBurgt, Ondre Harper, Christopher P. P. Garnham, Susanne E. E. Kohalmi, Rima Menassa
Summary: This research aimed to display antigenic portions of the M and GP5 proteins on the surface of tobacco mosaic virus-like particles. The modified tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVc) was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and resulted in self-assembly and surface display of the M-GP5 epitope.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ruiqi Sun, Yanyu Guo, Xiaoyang Li, Ruiqiao Li, Jingxuan Shi, Zheng Tan, Lilin Zhang, Lei Zhang, Jun Han, Jinhai Huang
Summary: Ubiquitination plays a major role in immune regulation after viral infection. This study identifies a porcine E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF122 that is upregulated in PRRSV-infected cells and promotes PRRSV infection. RNF122 mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of PRRSV nsp4 protein to enhance its stability, contributing to virus replication. Additionally, RNF122 also ubiquitinates MDA5 to degrade it and inhibit IFN production, ultimately promoting virus proliferation. This study provides new insights into the immune escape mechanisms of PRRSV and may contribute to the development of antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Yuanyuan Liu, Peng Gao, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Yongning Zhang, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study identifies critical residues within the nonstructural protein 1 alpha of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), providing insights into how the virus is able to evade host immunity.
Article
Virology
Weifeng Sun, Weixin Wu, Nan Jiang, Xinna Ge, Yongning Zhang, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Lei Zhou, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study characterized the dynamic transcriptome landscapes of porcine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. The dysregulation of TJ proteins was found to be related to the increased permeability of PMVECs. These findings provide valuable clues for further understanding the role of PMVECs in PRRSV-induced acute lung injury (ALI).
Article
Virology
Xintan Yang, Shengkui Xu, Dengjin Chen, Ruijiao Jiang, Haoran Kang, Xinna Ge, Lei Zhou, Jun Han, Yongning Zhang, Xin Guo, Hanchun Yang
Summary: Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), is a highly devastating swine pathogen in China. The sudden emergence of PRV variants in 2011, with higher pathogenicity and cross-species transmission potential, has caused significant economic losses and posed a threat to public health. In this study, a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis was conducted to quantitatively screen for differentially expressed cellular proteins in PRV-infected Vero cells. A total of 7072 proteins were identified, with 960 proteins showing significant regulation, including 89 upregulated and 871 downregulated proteins. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, providing insights into the pathogenesis of PRV variants and potential targets for pseudorabies prevention.
Article
Virology
Hang Gao, Zhaoying Xiang, Xinna Ge, Lei Zhou, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Yanhong Chen, Yongning Zhang, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the dynamic changes in the proteome of PK-15 cells during Senecavirus A (SVA) infection using tandem mass tags (TMT) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed significant differential expression of proteins at different time points of infection, with these proteins mainly involved in host immune responses and metabolic processes. In addition, the study demonstrated that Mx1 protein exerts antiviral activity against SVA by interacting with VP1 and VP2 proteins.
Article
Microbiology
Xixi Gui, Wuchao Zhang, Peng Gao, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, John W. Wills, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: This study reports a previously unrecognized aberrant form of glycoprotein I (gl) in HSV-1-infected cells. This aberrant gl has a unique migration behavior and stable fold, contributing to its abnormal molecular size. These findings have important implications in understanding viral spread and pathogenesis.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dengjin Chen, Yi Huang, Yating Guo, Lihong Wang, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Jun Han, Xin Guo, Hanchun Yang
Summary: PCV3 infection is prevalent in pig populations in China, with high variability in different provinces. PCV3a and PCV3b are the predominant subtypes in the studied regions. These findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and evolution of PCV3 in China and will guide future efforts to prevent and control the disease.
Article
Virology
Can Kong, Dan Li, Yanxin Hu, Peng Gao, Yongning Zhang, Lei Zhou, Xinna Ge, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Hanchun Yang
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major threat to the world swine industry. Genetic variations within the nsp2 region present an intriguing conundrum to PRRSV biology and pathogenesis. By constructing chimeric mutants, this study highlights the significance of nsp2 genetic variation in modulating PRRSV virulence and persistence via immune modulation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)