Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sita Awasthi, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: The rapid development of two nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines has revolutionized the field of COVID-19 vaccines with their safety and high effectiveness. The mRNA technology offers advantages such as accelerated immunogen discovery, robust immune response induction, and rapid manufacturing scale-up. Developing a genital herpes vaccine has been a longstanding public health priority, and the advent of mRNA technology holds promise in changing the narrative. The development of nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines for genital herpes shows great potential in inducing higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and more durable immune responses compared to protein-adjuvanted vaccines.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Virology
Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of HSV-2 and its cellular interactions, explores new strategies and challenges in regulating HSV-2 replication and influencing the cell cycle through host cellular components, and presents a fresh perspective on the treatment of HSV-2 by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
Article
Oncology
Sara Alavi, Abdullah Al Emran, Hsin-Yi Tseng, Jessamy C. Tiffen, Helen Marie McGuire, Peter Hersey
Summary: This study explores the role of nicotinamide in preventing and reversing T cell exhaustion, which has important implications for immunotherapy against cancers and viral infections. Nicotinamide supplementation was found to prevent the development of inhibitory receptors in T cells and promote the differentiation of T cells to effector states, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing immune responses.
Article
Pediatrics
Lauren Cummings, Megan Tucker, Margaret Gibson, Angela Myers, Tomi Pastinen, Jeffrey Johnston, Emily Farrow, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: This study investigated the genetic basis of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and identified potentially deleterious variants in genes related to HSV immunity and response. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding neonatal susceptibility to HSV.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sita Awasthi, James J. Knox, Angela Desmond, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Brian T. Gaudette, John M. Lubinski, Alexis Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Ying K. Tam, Norbert Pardi, David Allman, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines show more durable protection in animal models compared to protein vaccines, with higher neutralizing antibody titers and robust B cell immune memory. The correlation between high neutralizing titers and B cell immune memory likely explains the more lasting protection provided by the mRNA vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tao Peng, Khamsone Phasouk, Catherine N. Sodroski, Sijie Sun, Yon Hwangbo, Erik D. Layton, Lei Jin, Alexis Klock, Kurt Diem, Amalia S. Magaret, Lichen Jing, Kerry Laing, Alvason Li, Meei-Li Huang, Max Mertens, Christine Johnston, Keith R. Jerome, David M. Koelle, Anna Wald, David M. Knipe, Lawrence Corey, Jia Zhu
Summary: CD8TRM plays a critical role in controlling herpes reactivation by impacting the tissue microenvironment and instructing innate and cell-intrinsic antiviral machinery through antigen-specific recognition. Activation of broad innate resistance by communication from CD8TRM to surrounding epithelial cells may be essential in restraining various viral diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tao Peng, Khamsone Phasouk, Emily Bossard, Alexis Klock, Lei Jin, Kerry J. Laing, Christine Johnston, Noel A. Williams, Julie L. Czartoski, Dana Varon, Annalyssa N. Long, Jason H. Bielas, Thomas M. Snyder, Harlan Robins, David M. Koelle, M. Juliana McElrath, Anna Wald, Lawrence Corey, Jia Zhu
Summary: Our study identified distinct populations of CD8(+) TRMs in the human ectocervix with different expression patterns, anatomical locations, and TCR repertoires, which target relevant viral antigens for improved host defense against sexually transmitted infections.
Review
Immunology
Megan H. Orzalli, Pooja Parameswaran
Summary: This article summarizes recent advances in understanding how mammalian cells sense virus-encoded effector proteins, the activation and consequences of these signaling pathways.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Angela Devine, Xiuqin Xiong, Sami Lynne Gottlieb, Maeve Britto de Mello, Christopher K. Fairley, Jason J. Ong
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of genital herpes on quality of life and found that the existing literature is limited and needs updating. Future research should be conducted in diverse settings and use condition-specific or generic tools to inform economic modeling.
HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Megan H. Tucker, Wei Yu, Heather Menden, Sheng Xia, Carl F. Schreck, Margaret Gibson, Daniel Louiselle, Tomi Pastinen, Nikita Raje, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: This study reports an infant with recurrent HSV-1 disease complicated by encephalitis associated with deleterious variants in the IRF7 and UNC93B1 genes. Our results suggest that TLR3 pathway mutations may predispose neonates to recurrent, severe HSV.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Noor Motea Abdo, Irfan Aslam, Shazia Irfan, Junu A. A. George, Ahmed R. R. Alsuwaidi, Luai A. A. Ahmed, Rami H. H. Al-Rifai
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of HSV-2 infection among patients seeking fertility treatment in the UAE and found that approximately 10% of patients were exposed to HSV-2. HSV-2 infection was more common in males, patients with secondary infertility, and those with abnormal semen analysis.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Houssein H. Ayoub, Ibtihel Amara, Susanne F. Awad, Ryosuke Omori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Summary: Analyzing the HSV-2 epidemic in the United States revealed a trend of increasing prevalence followed by decline, with women being disproportionately affected and those aged 15-34 being most susceptible. High incidence rates are expected to persist over the next three decades.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Christine Johnston
Summary: This article discusses the management of genital herpes infection and provides recommendations based on a systematic literature review, serving as a basis for updating the treatment guidelines.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Liza Lind, Alexandra Svensson, Karolina Thorn, Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Kristina Eriksson
Summary: The study revealed that during herpesvirus neuroinflammation, anti-viral CD8(+) T cells accumulate in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord, displaying high activation levels and expressing chemotactic receptors corresponding to chemotactic gradients present in the tissue.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Tajanna Stinn, Steve Kuntz, Dana Varon, Meei-Li Huang, Stacy Selke, Samuel Njikan, Emily S. Ford, Joan Dragavon, Robert W. Coombs, Christine Johnston, Marta E. Bull
Summary: This study suggests that subclinical HSV shedding in HIV/HSV-coinfected women during ART may sustain HIV tissue reservoirs through antigen exposure or HIV replication. Frequent subclinical HSV DNA shedding was associated with increased HIV DNA tissue concentrations and increased divergence from ancestral sequences, indicating a potential role of immune responses to common coinfections in sustaining HIV tissue reservoirs during suppressive ART.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hem R. Gurung, Meghan M. Carr, Daniel J. J. Carr
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Derek J. Royer, Meghan M. Carr, Hem R. Gurung, William P. Halford, Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Chandra M. Menendez, Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2017)
Letter
Virology
Derek J. Royer, Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2017)
Letter
Virology
Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Virology
Derek J. Royer, Meghan M. Carr, Ana J. Chucair-Elliott, William P. Halford, Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
H. R. Gurung, M. M. Carr, K. Bryant, A. J. Chucair-Elliott, D. J. J. Carr
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Derek J. Royer, Joshua F. Hendrix, Chelsea M. Larabee, Alaina M. Reagan, Virginie H. Sjoelund, Danielle M. Robertson, Daniel J. J. Carr
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Virology
Micaela L. Montgomery, Michelle C. Callegan, Kevin K. Fuller, Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Virology
Grzegorz B. Gmyrek, Adrian Filiberti, Micaela Montgomery, Alisha Chitrakar, Derek J. Royer, Daniel J. J. Carr
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Jonathan D. Joyce, Anant K. Patel, Brandie Murphy, Daniel J. J. Carr, Edward Gershburg, Andrea S. Bertke
Summary: The study showed that the two novel live-attenuated HSV-2 vaccine candidates are safe in guinea pigs and do not establish latency in neural ganglia. In contrast, wild-type HSV-2 resulted in acute disease and latent infection in neural ganglia. Both vaccine candidates elicited neutralizing antibodies.
Article
Microbiology
Daniel J. J. Carr, Amanda Berube, Edward Gershburg
Summary: The success of vaccines in experimental animal models against viral pathogens depends on enhancing host resistance to virus challenge, including increasing survival rates, reducing virus replication and spread, and mitigating tissue pathology. The duration of the protective response is an important consideration. In a short-term study, two related vaccines showed similar efficacy against ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 challenge, but differences were observed in a long-term assessment.
Article
Virology
Amanda Berube, Grzegorz B. Gmyrek, Derek J. Royer, Daniel J. J. Carr
Summary: TRIM21 deficiency does not affect ocular pathology caused by HSV-1 infection but significantly increases the amount of virus recovered from the trigeminal ganglia.
Article
Ophthalmology
Derek J. Royer, Michael H. Elliott, Yun Z. Le, Daniel J. J. Carr
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ana J. Chucair-Elliott, Hem R. Gurung, Meghan M. Carr, Daniel J. J. Carr
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2017)