Article
Immunology
Jiapei Yu, Hui Li, Ju Jia, Zhisheng Huang, Shuai Liu, Ying Zheng, Shengrui Mu, Xiaoyan Deng, Xiaohui Zou, Yeming Wang, Xiao Shang, Dan Cui, Lixue Huang, Xiaoxuan Feng, William J. Liu, Bin Cao
Summary: Despite the use of vaccines and anti-viral drugs, influenza A virus still poses a significant epidemic risk to global public health. Through single-cell transcriptome analyses, we have identified the high heterogeneity of susceptibility to viral infection and biological responses in different subsets of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells. Effector memory CD8(+) T cells (CD8(+) T-EM) were found to be the most susceptible subset to pandemic influenza A virus infection among primary human T cells. Non-productive infection was established in CD8(+) T-EM and naive CD8(+) T cells, indicating the mechanisms of intracellular antiviral activities in human T cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Dennis Maletich Junqueira, Caroline Tochetto, Tavis K. Anderson, Danielle Gava, Vanessa Haach, Mauricio E. Cantao, Amy L. Vincent Baker, Rejane Schaefer
Summary: This study analyzed a large number of H1N1pdm09 gene sequences from humans and swine globally between 2009 and 2022, and found that there was rapid transmission of the virus from humans to swine in Brazil during 2009-2011, but most of the infections in swine were self-limited with limited onward transmission. After 2012, there was a reduction in human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 transmissions in Brazil. The study highlights the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Seong Uk Son, Eun-Kyung Lim, Soojin Jang, Jaewoo Lim, Seung Beom Seo, Taejoon Kang, Juyeon Jung, Seo Yeong Oh, Sun-Woo Yoon, Dongeun Yong, Jaejong Lee
Summary: The study developed a conductive thread-based immunosensor to easily detect airborne viruses, which is important in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seungwon Kim, Margaret Carrel, Andrew Kitchen
Summary: Identifying the spatial patterns of genetic structure of influenza A viruses is important for understanding their spread. This study analyzed the genetic sequences of the A/H1N1pdm09 virus in mainland China and found that there is high genetic similarity among viruses within small geographic regions, but broad-scale genetic differentiation. Local viral circulation has a greater impact on the spatial genetic structure of the virus than countrywide viral mixing and gene flow.
Review
Virology
Gloria Perez-Rubio, Marco Antonio Ponce-Gallegos, Bruno Andre Dominguez-Mazzocco, Jaime Ponce-Gallegos, Roman Alejandro Garcia-Ramirez, Ramces Falfan-Valencia
Summary: Research has shown that genetic susceptibility to Influenza A virus infection is influenced by multiple pathways, including innate immune response, complement activation, and variants in inflammatory response genes. Specific gene polymorphisms such as SNPs play key roles in host immune responses, affecting viral replication and host response, representing important factors in genetic susceptibility to IAV infection.
Article
Immunology
Veronica A. Ferrando, Marcel E. Friedrich, Shrey Gandhi, Alexander Mellmann, Doerthe Masemann, Anmari Christersson, Darisuren Anhlan, Linda Brunotte, Monika Stoll, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: Influenza A viruses, including the H1N1pdm09 virus, cause recurrent epidemics and occasional pandemics in humans. The reassortment of these viruses in swine and their ability to replicate in human lung tissue suggest a possible zoonotic potential. Reassortment frequently occurs in the PB1, PA, and NA segments, resulting in the generation of reassortants that can reach high titers in swine lung cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Krista Salo-Tuominen, Tamara Teros-Jaakkola, Laura Toivonen, Helena Ollila, Paivi Rautava, Minna Aromaa, Elina Lahti, Niina Junttila, Ville Peltola
Summary: The study investigated the association between parental socioeconomic and psychosocial factors and the uptake of the 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine in children. It found that children of younger and less educated mothers had a lower rate of vaccine uptake. However, the individual or relational psychosocial well-being of parents was not associated with children's vaccination.
Article
Respiratory System
Yangqing Zhan, Xiaojuan Chen, Weijie Guan, Wenda Guan, Chunguang Yang, Sihua Pan, Sook-San Wong, Rongchang Chen, Feng Ye
Summary: This study investigated the clinical impacts of a nosocomial outbreak of A(H1N1)pdm09 in a hospital between January 21 and February 17, 2016. The outbreak was limited to eight patients in one ward after the implementation of an infection control measure bundle, with all patients recovering after treatment. Infected patients experienced a delay in discharge and excess costs, but there were no deaths reported.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Nima Ghalekhani, Saied Bokaie, Sana Eybpoosh, Hesameddin Akbarein, Hamid Sharifi
Summary: Using Bayesian phylogeography analysis, this study investigates the time and path of transmission of H1N1 serotype influenza A viruses in Iran and neighboring countries. The study finds that the age of emergence of H1N1 virus in Iran is older compared to neighboring countries, and Tehran seems to have played a key role in its transmission within Iran. Continuous monitoring and screening of H1N1 virus, along with addressing gaps and shortages in virus control, are important measures to be taken.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhihong Qian, Dylan H. H. Morris, Annika Avery, Karen A. A. Kormuth, Valerie Le Sage, Michael M. M. Myerburg, James O. O. Lloyd-Smith, Linsey C. C. Marr, Seema S. S. Lakdawala
Summary: Respiratory viruses can be transmitted through contaminated surfaces, or fomites. This study examined the stability of the H1N1 virus on different surface materials at varying humidities. The results showed that the virus was rapidly inactivated on copper, but remained stable on plastics, steel, aluminum, and glass. The stability of the virus was more influenced by the respiratory secretion of the host than the surface material.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Michael J. Clayton, E. Jane Kelly, Marta Mainenti, Amanda Wilhelm, Mia Kim Torchetti, Mary Lea Killian, Arnaud J. Van Wettere
Summary: An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus affected kits and adult mink on a farm in Utah, resulting in deaths in kits. The source of the virus was suspected to be reverse zoonosis. This case highlights the importance of monitoring interspecies transmission of influenza on mink farms and practicing safe work practices.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Virology
Zhonglan Wu, David Harrich, Zhongyang Li, Dongsheng Hu, Dongsheng Li
Summary: From 2002 to 2019, three deadly human coronaviruses emerged, causing outbreaks of SARS, MERS, and Covid-19. Covid-19 shares similarities with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in terms of global spread and characteristics of high viral shedding and transmission by pre-symptomatic individuals. To control Covid-19 transmission, identifying transmission sources through virus shedding testing and interrupting chains of transmission through social distancing and masking are essential.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yan-Na Xiao, Fei-Yuan Yu, Qian Xu, Jiang Gu
Summary: This study investigated the expression of influenza virus receptors in the human placenta and found that it is susceptible to 2009 influenza A virus (H1N1/09) infection. The study highlights the importance of protecting pregnant women from infection during influenza season.
Article
Microbiology
Meiling Dai, Wenjuan Du, Carles Martinez-Romero, Tim Leenders, Tom Wennekes, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Erik de Vries, Cornelis A. M. de Haan
Summary: Research shows that the antigenic and enzymatic properties of the influenza A virus neuraminidase are intertwined, with several residues affecting multiple properties. This entanglement may play a crucial role in the evolution of the neuraminidase.
Article
Virology
Weixu Zhang, Hefeng Xu, Shuxuan Guan, Chengmin Wang, Guoying Dong
Summary: This study analyzed the available NA protein sequences of H1N1 influenza viruses worldwide and found that 3.76% of H1N1 viruses currently harbor oseltamivir resistance, with the most common mutation being H274Y. Oseltamivir resistance is mainly found in humans, swine, and avian, and the resistance level peaked in 2007-2008 and quickly decreased in 2009. The study highlights the importance of globally monitoring oseltamivir resistance.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isabel Oliver, Jonathan Roberts, Colin S. Brown, Alexander Mp Byrne, Dominic Mellon, Rowena De Hansen, Ashley C. Banyard, Joe James, Matthew Donati, Robert Porter, Joanna Ellis, Jade Cogdale, Angie Lackenby, Meera Chand, Gavin Dabrera, Ian H. Brown, Maria Zambon
Summary: A case of high pathogenicity avian influenza A(H5N1) was confirmed in an individual in England who kept a large flock of ducks, with the individual remaining asymptomatic. Most of the sampled live birds were also confirmed to be infected with H5N1. Comprehensive contact tracing and active surveillance of exposed individuals did not reveal any additional cases or transmissions.
Article
Pathology
Stephen P. Kidd, Daniel Burns, Bryony Armson, Andrew D. Beggs, Emma L. A. Howson, Anthony Williams, Gemma Snell, Emma L. Wise, Alice Goring, Zoe Vincent-Mistiaen, Seden Grippon, Jason Sawyer, Claire Cassar, David Cross, Thomas Lewis, Scott M. Reid, Samantha Rivers, Joe James, Paul Skinner, Ashley Banyard, Kerrie Davies, Anetta Ptasinska, Celina Whalley, Jack Ferguson, Claire Bryer, Charlie Poxon, Andrew Bosworth, Michael Kidd, Alex Richter, Jane Burton, Hannah Love, Sarah Fouch, Claire Tillyer, Amy Sowood, Helen Patrick, Nathan Moore, Michael Andreou, Nick Morant, Rebecca Houghton, Joe Parker, Joanne Slater-Jefferies, Ian Brown, Cosima Gretton, Zandra Deans, Deborah Porter, Nicholas J. Cortes, Angela Douglas, Sue L. Hill, Keith M. Godfrey, Veronica L. Fowler
Summary: This study validates an improved extraction-free RT-LAMP method and reports the clinical performance of four RT-LAMP assay formats for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The results demonstrate that RT-LAMP is applicable to a variety of use cases, including frequent, interval-based direct testing of saliva from asymptomatic individuals.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ashley C. Banyard, Fabian Z. X. Lean, Caroline Robinson, Fiona Howie, Glen Tyler, Craig Nisbet, James Seekings, Stephanie Meyer, Elliot Whittard, Henry F. Ashpitel, Mehmet Bas, Alexander M. P. Byrne, Tom Lewis, Joe James, Levon Stephan, Nicola S. Lewis, Ian H. Brown, Rowena D. E. Hansen, Scott M. Reid
Summary: The UK and Europe have experienced consecutive outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza during the 2020/21 and 2021/22 autumn/winter seasons, resulting in significant mortalities among land- and waterfowl. Understanding the epidemiology and transmission of these viruses in different species is crucial for implementing effective control measures. Infections in different species can range from mild or asymptomatic to severe cases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Defining disease outcomes in different species is essential for understanding their role in the maintenance and transmission of these pathogens.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Joe James, Amanda H. Seekings, Paul Skinner, Katie Purchase, Sahar Mahmood, Ian H. Brown, Rowena D. E. Hansen, Ashley C. Banyard, Scott M. Reid
Summary: Avian influenza virus (AIV) can be highly or lowly pathogenic based on its impact on chickens and the presence of specific residues. The recent incursions of H5Nx HPAIV in Europe have raised concerns. Currently, AIV detection relies on PCR assays and subsequent sequencing for determining the pathotype. This study presents a rapid and cost-effective PCR assay for the detection of high pathogenic H5 strains, which showed comparable sensitivity to the conventional sequencing method. The results demonstrated 100% discrimination and improved the diagnostic workflow.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mayumi Fujiwara, Harriet Auty, Ian Brown, Lisa Boden
Summary: This study conducts a veterinary risk assessment to explore the risk of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) incursion into the gamebird sector in Great Britain via a designated hatchery. It identifies various risk pathways and assesses the likelihood of HPAI virus introduction and onward transmission in the gamebird industry. The study emphasizes the importance of relevant control measures and proposes criteria for hatchery designation and mitigation strategies for future disease outbreaks specific to the gamebird sector.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fabian Z. X. Lean, Ana Gomez Vitores, Scott M. Reid, Ashley C. Banyard, Ian H. Brown, Alejandro Nunez, Rowena D. E. Hansen
Summary: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has re-emerged in the UK and continues to have a global impact. This study investigates the pathological features of the virus in poultry and wild birds, identifying pancreatic and splenic necrosis as common findings.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Craig S. Ross, David Sutton, Paul Skinner, Sahar Mahmood, Felicity Wynne, Brandon Londt, Chad M. Fuller, Jo Mayers, Alejandro Nunez, Daniel J. Hicks, Sharon M. Brookes, Ashley C. Banyard, Ian H. Brown
Summary: Newcastle disease (ND) is a significant disease of poultry caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1). Pigeon paramyxovirus 1 (PPMV-1) can also cause infections. A study investigated the pathogenesis and transmission of a specific APMV-1 strain in game birds and compared it to a contemporary PPMV-1 strain. The study suggested that game birds may play a role in the transmission and epidemiology of APMV-1 viruses.
Article
Oncology
Harry Klimis, Jehonathan H. Pinthus, Nazanin Aghel, Emmanuelle Duceppe, Vincent Fradet, Ian Brown, D. Robert Siemens, Bobby Shayegan, Laurence Klotz, Patrick P. Luke, Tamim Niazi, Luke T. Lavallee, Negareh Mousavi, Robert J. Hamilton, Joseph L. Chin, Darin Gopaul, Philippe D. Violette, Margot K. Davis, Nawar Hanna, Robert Sabbagh, Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, Ludhmila Abrahao Hajjar, Ariel Galapo Kann, Rajibul Mian, Sumathy Rangarajan, Kelvin Kuan Huei, Zaza Iakobishvili, Joseph B. Selvanayagam, Alvaro Avezum, Darryl P. Leong
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the rate and correlates of poor cardiovascular risk factor control among men with prostate cancer. It found that almost all participants had at least one uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factor, with 51% having poor overall risk factor control. Not taking statins, physical frailty, need for blood pressure medication, and age were identified as key factors associated with poor overall risk factor control.
JACC: CARDIOONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yulia Postnikova, Anastasia Treshchalina, Alexandra Gambaryan, Alla Belyakova, Aydar Ishmukhametov, Mikhail Matrosovich, Galina Sadykova, Alexey Prilipov, Natalia Lomakina, Elizaveta Boravleva
Summary: This study isolated 45 strains of AIVs from wild aquatic birds in Moscow, Russia, and examined their genetic dynamics in their natural habitat. The genes of the same lineage persisted over the years, but were often associated with novel HA and NA subtypes. Reassortment events were frequent among internal genes, but not between HA and NA segments. The study discusses the differences in persistence and evolutionary strategy between surface and internal proteins of AIVs in their primary hosts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Joe James, Elizabeth Billington, Caroline J. Warren, Dilhani De Sliva, Cecilia Di Genova, Maisie Airey, Stephanie M. Meyer, Thomas Lewis, Jacob Peers-Dent, Saumya S. Thomas, Abigail Lofts, Natalia Furman, Alejandro Nunez, Marek J. Slomka, Ian H. Brown, Ashley C. Banyard
Summary: The 2021/2022 epizootic of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAIV) caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV is the largest ever in the UK, affecting over 145 poultry premises. The virus was transmitted to poultry through independent incursion from infected wild birds, supported by over 1700 detections of H5N1 from wild bird mortalities. The H5N1-21 virus used for investigation exhibited high infectivity and transmission in ducks, while showing a lower adaptation to chickens.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Joe James, Caroline J. Warren, Dilhani De Silva, Thomas Lewis, Katherine Grace, Scott M. Reid, Marco Falchieri, Ian H. Brown, Ashley C. Banyard
Summary: Since October 2021, Europe has experienced a large-scale avian influenza (AIV) outbreak caused by the clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV. The virus has infected numerous poultry premises and led to the detection of H5N1-positive wild birds in Great Britain. It has been found that airborne particles carrying infectious HPAIV can be transmitted over short distances (<10 m) through the air, while macroscopic particles containing viral RNA may travel further (<= 80 m). However, the potential for airborne transmission between premises is considered low compared to other factors such as indirect contact with wild birds and biosecurity efficiency.
Article
Virology
Craig S. Ross, Paul Skinner, David Sutton, Jo Mayers, Alex Nunez, Sharon M. Brookes, Ashley C. Banyard, Ian H. Brown
Summary: Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by virulent forms of Avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1 (AOAV-1), is a globally significant avian disease. The study investigated the risk of AOAV-1-infected game birds to the UK poultry industry. It demonstrated that both chickens and pheasants are susceptible to infection, leading to high mortality and onward transmission, while partridges serve as intermediate hosts with reduced mortality and transmission.
Article
Virology
L. Carnegie, M. Hasan, R. Mahmud, M. A. Hoque, N. Debnath, M. H. Uddin, N. S. Lewis, I Brown, S. Essen, Md Giasuddin, D. U. Pfeiffer, M. A. Samad, P. Biswas, J. Raghwani, G. Fournie, S. C. Hill
Summary: Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 is prevalent in Bangladesh's poultry population and poses a potential zoonotic risk. This study investigates the spatial spread and dispersal patterns of H9N2 viruses in Bangladesh's poultry population using phylodynamic analyses, focusing on the two largest cities (Dhaka and Chattogram) and their poultry production and distribution networks. The study reveals that H9N2 viruses spread more within each city than between the two cities, and there is close epidemiological connectivity between markets within the same city. The study also suggests that H9N2 viruses spread more frequently between certain chicken types in Dhaka compared to Chattogram.
