Review
Virology
Lucia Amurri, Olivier Reynard, Denis Gerlier, Branka Horvat, Mathieu Iampietro
Summary: The immune system deploys a complex network of cells and signaling pathways to protect the host against exogenous threats, including the measles virus. Despite the availability of a vaccine, the measles virus has been re-emerging and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Recent studies have revealed a novel aspect of the innate immune response against the measles virus, involving DNA-related sensing.
Review
Immunology
Xiao Wang, Yupei Yuan, Yihan Liu, Leiliang Zhang
Summary: This article provides an overview of the pathogenesis of Rift Valley fever (RVF) and the immune evasion competition between the virus and the host. Understanding the host immune response and viral antibodies can help identify new drug targets and potential solutions for current and future epidemics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mikolaj Adamek, Jonathan Davies, Alexander Beck, Lisa Jordan, Anna M. Becker, Miriam Mojzesz, Krzysztof Rakus, Typhaine Rumiac, Bertrand Collet, Graham Brogden, Keith Way, Sven M. Bergmann, Jun Zou, Dieter Steinhagen
Summary: In this study, it was found that the activation of CH25H may play a part in the antiviral response against a broad spectrum of viruses infecting fish, in both common carp and rainbow trout cells in vitro. Quantification of oxysterols showed that fibroblastic cells can produce 25HC and its metabolite 7 alpha,25diHC. Moreover, the antiviral activity of 25HC was demonstrated against CyHV-3 but not other viruses in the same cells, indicating a unique interplay between oxysterol based immune responses and certain viruses' immunomodulatory abilities.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Tessa Van Royen, Iebe Rossey, Koen Sedeyn, Bert Schepens, Xavier Saelens
Summary: RSV infection inhibits host's innate immune response through multiple proteins, including suppression of interferon production and signaling, reduction of immune cell recruitment and cytokine production, and negative effects on mitochondrial proteins.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiaoyong Chen, Tongling Shan, Dage Sun, Huanjie Zhai, Sujie Dong, Ning Kong, Hao Zheng, Wu Tong, Guangzhi Tong
Summary: Porcine ZCCHC3 plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) by regulating cellular innate immune responses. Overexpression of ZCCHC3 inhibits viral titers and protein levels, while knockdown of ZCCHC3 promotes viral growth. ZCCHC3 overexpression upregulates IFN-beta expression to suppress viral replication. PRV infection reduces endogenous expression of ZCCHC3, and PRV-encoded UL13 and UL24 proteins inhibit ZCCHC3 expression, antagonizing its antiviral effect.
Article
Cell Biology
Ray Ishida, Jamie Cole, Joaquin Lopez-Orozco, Nawell Fayad, Alberto Felix-Lopez, Mohamed Elaish, Shu Yue Luo, Olivier Julien, Anil Kumar, Tom C. Hobman
Summary: Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted virus that can cause chronic arthralgia and myalgia in infected individuals. The virus suppresses the production of type I and III IFNs through its non-structural protein 2 (nsP2), which interacts with host cell proteins involved in RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Understanding this mechanism may guide the development of vaccines and antivirals for MAYV and other alphavirus infections.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catherine E. Arnold, Charles J. Shoemaker, Darci R. Smith, Christina E. Douglas, Candace D. Blancett, Amanda S. Graham, Timothy D. Minogue
Summary: A study on non-human primates' response to two different strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus revealed numerous upregulated genes from day 1 to day 14 post-infection, with early changes predominantly in the interferon stimulated gene family and later changes coinciding with an adaptive immune response. Differences between viral strains were observed in duration of gene responses and enriched biological pathways, with no lasting transcriptomic changes in NHPs after recovery.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Akihito Sawada, Takashi Ito, Yoshiaki Yamaji, Tetsuo Nakayama
Summary: The study demonstrates the development of a chimeric MV/RSV vaccine using measles virus vector, which shows promising immune responses against RSV. The strategy of ectodomain replacement in measles virus vector is expected to lead to safe and effective vaccines for other enveloped viruses.
Article
Virology
Xiaoyong Chen, Dage Sun, Sujie Dong, Huanjie Zhai, Ning Kong, Hao Zheng, Wu Tong, Guoxin Li, Tongling Shan, Guangzhi Tong
Summary: ISG20 plays a role in suppressing pseudorabies virus replication by enhancing IFN signaling, and its expression is upregulated following PRV infection. The PRV protein UL24 can suppress the transcription of ISG20, thus antagonizing its antiviral effect. These findings provide insights into the interplay between host and PRV.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qianli Wang, Wei Wang, Amy K. Winter, Zhifei Zhan, Marco Ajelli, Filippo Trentini, Lili Wang, Fangcai Li, Juan Yang, Xingyu Xiang, Qiaohong Liao, Jiaxin Zhou, Jinxin Guo, Xuemei Yan, Nuolan Liu, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Bryan T. Grenfell, Hongjie Yu
Summary: This study estimates that maternally derived immunity against measles lasts for 2.4 months, and vaccine-induced immunity falls below the protective threshold at 14.3 years. Administering an additional catch-up dose of the measles vaccine between 8 months and 5 years reduces the incidence of seroreversion. These findings can inform immunization schedules and strategies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Penglei Jiang, Hongyu Jia, Xinyue Qian, Tian Tang, Yingli Han, Zhaoru Zhang, Lingli Jiang, Zebin Yu, Lin Zheng, Guodong Yu, Huan Cai, Shanyan Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Jueqing Gu, Chanyuan Ye, Lisha Yang, Yingfeng Lu, Heng Liu, Xiaoqing Lu, Ciliang Jin, Yue Ren, Miaomiao Lu, Lingling Xu, Jiong Yu, Xi Jin, Yida Yang, Pengxu Qian
Summary: This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic landscape of peripheral immune cells in CHB patients before and after PegIFN-alpha therapy. The study identified specific cell subsets associated with CHB and found that PegIFN-alpha treatment could decrease hyperactivated monocytes, increase long-lived naive/memory T cells, and enhance effector T cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the treatment altered the transcriptional profiles of immune cells and enhanced innate antiviral response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathleen Schoen, Dimitri L. Lindenwald, Joao T. Monteiro, Julien Glanz, Klaus Jung, Stefanie C. Becker, Bernd Lepenies
Summary: RVFV, a mosquito-borne virus, enters host cells by interacting with CLRs of different species. This study identified novel RVFV candidate receptors in mice, sheep, and Aedes aegypti, through cross-species experiments. It also revealed the differences and similarities in RVFV binding preferences between mammalian CLR homologues and more distant vector/host CLRs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Joe McKellar, Antoine Rebendenne, Melanie Wencker, Olivier Moncorge, Caroline Goujon
Summary: Host cells have developed a multi-modular system to detect and combat influenza viruses, including interferon response and intrinsic immunity. These mechanisms activate a wide array of antiviral effectors that inhibit virus replication at various stages, providing important insights for the development of new influenza treatments.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pradip Devhare, Mridula Madiyal, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Shiran Shetty, Shamee Shastry
Summary: HEV infection can lead to high mortality in pregnant women and chronic disease in immunocompromised individuals. Extrahepatic manifestations like neuronal and renal diseases can also occur during HEV infection, but the mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Deepak Sumbria, Engin Berber, Manikannan Mathayan, Barry T. Rouse
Summary: When viruses infect cells, they cause metabolic changes in both the infected and host cells, providing potential targets for therapeutic approaches. The immune system response also involves metabolic changes. The consequences of viral infections may differ in patients with metabolic problems.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kazuya Shirato, Naganori Nao, Shutoku Matsuyama, Makoto Takeda, Tsutomu Kageyama
Summary: A rapid real-time RT-PCR assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 was presented using the PCR1100 device, with a short amplification period and comparable sensitivity and specificity to conventional methods. This method could be helpful for daily multiple testing to confirm virus-free status before patient discharge.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuta Yamamoto, Shogo Nakano, Fumio Seki, Yasuteru Shigeta, Sohei Ito, Hiroaki Tokiwa, Makoto Takeda
Summary: The infection of hosts by morbilliviruses relies on the interaction between viral hemagglutinin and SLAM receptors. While the importance of the n-terminal region of human SLAM as a measles virus receptor has been demonstrated, its role in infection by other morbilliviruses and host range determination is still unclear due to the region's high flexibility. By using computational chemistry methods, the study showed that a specific residue in the N-terminal region of SLAM from Macaca is essential for the stable interaction with CDV-H, providing insights into CDV infection in Macaca. This approach could aid in determining molecular interactions involving flexible protein regions that are challenging to study using traditional methods.
Article
Virology
Yuta Shirogane, Ryuichi Takemoto, Tateki Suzuki, Tomonori Kameda, Kinichi Nakashima, Takao Hashiguchi, Yusuke Yanagi
Summary: Measles virus remains a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, leading to a fatal neurological disorder known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Host factors CADM1 and CADM2 enable the spread of measles virus between neurons, revealing a receptor-mimicking cis-acting fusion triggering mechanism for transsynaptic propagation.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Ryuichi Takemoto, Tateki Suzuki, Takao Hashiguchi, Yusuke Yanagi, Yuta Shirogane
Summary: The study reveals a new mechanism of viral fusion triggering by host factors, in which short-stalk isoforms of CADM1 and CADM2 induce membrane fusion by interacting in cis with the viral attachment protein independently of its receptor-binding head domain.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Makoto Takeda
Summary: This review discusses the crucial role of S protein cleavage in coronavirus infection, particularly focusing on SARS-CoV-2. The complexity of the cleavage activation mechanism of the S protein is highlighted, with different cleavage sites and motifs involved. Variants of concern with enhanced infectivity have emerged during the ongoing pandemic, demonstrating the significant impact of changes in S protein cleavability on viral infectivity and virulence.
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Mariko Saito, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Mitsuru Sada, Soyoka Sunagawa, Tatsuya Shirai, Kaori Okayama, Toshiyuki Sugai, Takeshi Tsugawa, Yuriko Hayashi, Akihide Ryo, Makoto Takeda, Hisashi Kawashima, Nobuhiro Saruki, Hirokazu Kimura
Summary: The study showed that the RSV-A F gene is relatively conserved, with conformational epitopes not corresponding to neutralizing antibody binding sites, potentially leading to virus reinfection.
Article
Virology
Yuki Kitai, Ko Sato, Kazuya Shirato, Suguru Ohmiya, Oshi Watanabe, Tomoko Kisu, Reiko Ota, Makoto Takeda, Kazuyoshi Kawakami, Hidekazu Nishimura
Summary: Virus isolates are important for diagnosing and studying viruses. A study found that the temperature at which clinical samples are stored can affect the stability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), suggesting the need to reconsider the temperature for temporary storage of RSV samples.
Article
Microbiology
Kazuya Shirato, Masatoshi Kakizaki, Yuriko Tomita, Miyuki Kawase, Makoto Takeda
Summary: In the COVID-19 pandemic, real-time RT-PCR based assays have been used for diagnosis, but the positive signal does not always indicate infectivity. This study developed a primer/probe set for the ORF1a gene and validated its correlation with infectivity of clinical specimens.
Article
Microbiology
Takashi Okura, Kazuya Shirato, Masatoshi Kakizaki, Satoko Sugimoto, Shutoku Matsuyama, Tomohisa Tanaka, Yohei Kume, Mina Chishiki, Takashi Ono, Kohji Moriishi, Masashi Sonoyama, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Koichi Hashimoto, Katsumi Maenaka, Makoto Takeda
Summary: In this study, it is shown that the coronavirus genome may encode functional hydrophobic alpha-helical peptides. These peptides can be synthesized from non-canonical sub-genomic RNAs and have a regulatory role in viral propagation.
Article
Microbiology
Reiko Suwa, Yohei Kume, Miyuki Kawase, Mina Chishiki, Takashi Ono, Sakurako Norito, Ko Sato, Michiko Okamoto, Satoru Kumaki, Yukio Nagai, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Makoto Takeda, Hidekazu Nishimura, Koichi Hashimoto, Kazuya Shirato
Summary: This study evaluated the practicality of the Pan-RSV and duplex assays developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Japan. The duplex assay showed superior detection performance compared with the Pan-RSV assay, but both assays had similar analytical sensitivities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuta Shirogane, Hidetaka Harada, Yuichi Hirai, Ryuichi Takemoto, Tateki Suzuki, Takao Hashiguchi, Yusuke Yanagi
Summary: Measles virus (MeV) can persist in the brain and cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Mutations in the fusion (F) protein of persisting MeVs enhance its fusogenicity, but paradoxically, some mutations that reduce fusogenicity may be selected alongside the wild-type MeV genome. The presence of SSPE-derived substitutions in the F protein affects its fusogenicity, which can be enhanced or abolished by coexpression with the wild-type F protein. These findings provide insights into the long-term neuropathogenic process of MeV and the relationships between genotype and phenotype in en bloc transmitted viruses.
Article
Virology
Ryuichi Takemoto, Yuichi Hirai, Shumpei Watanabe, Hidetaka Harada, Tateki Suzuki, Takao Hashiguchi, Yusuke Yanagi, Yuta Shirogane
Summary: Measles is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the availability of effective vaccines. The causative agent, measles virus (MeV), is an enveloped RNA virus with two envelope glycoproteins, H and F, that play important roles in viral entry and fusion. MeV can also cause a fatal neurological disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)