Review
Virology
Brent A. Stanfield, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Agustin Fernandez, Edward Gershburg
Summary: Diseases caused by human herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 affect millions worldwide, but there are currently no FDA-approved vaccines. The development of novel live-attenuated vaccines aims to prevent or reduce the impact of herpes simplex infections, building on the success of past live-attenuated vaccines in combating viral diseases. These vaccines are designed to generate robust and protective immune responses based on our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of herpesviral infections.
Article
Immunology
Shuyong Zhu, Abel Viejo-Borbolla
Summary: HSV-1 and HSV-2 are two of the most prevalent human viruses worldwide, causing a variety of diseases. Immune responses play a key role in controlling HSV, but the virus has developed mechanisms to evade them. The severity of disease upon HSV infection varies among individuals, partly due to genetic polymorphisms. HSV has lytic and latent replication cycles, with the latter leading to disease.
Article
Oncology
Gaku Takano, Shinichi Esaki, Fumi Goshima, Atsushi Enomoto, Yoshimi Hatano, Haruka Ozaki, Takahiro Watanabe, Yoshitaka Sato, Daisuke Kawakita, Shingo Murakami, Takayuki Murata, Yukihiro Nishiyama, Shinichi Iwasaki, Hiroshi Kimura
Summary: The study established a mouse model of oral cancer and demonstrated the antitumor effects of HF10 against oral cancer in vitro and in vivo. HF10 successfully infected and killed cancer cells, prolonged mouse survival, and induced infiltration of CD8-positive T cells around HSV-infected cells in the tumor mass, suggesting increased anti-tumor immunity.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hong Wang, David J. Davido, Heba H. Mostafa, Lynda A. Morrison
Summary: Researchers have isolated an HSV-1 mutant, KOS-NA, that provides significant protection against HSV-1-mediated eye diseases as a vaccine. By deleting a portion of the UL29 gene, they have improved the safety of the vaccine without compromising efficacy. The results suggest that the ability to replicate, even at reduced levels, may be an important feature of an effective vaccine.
Review
Virology
Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of HSV-2 and its cellular interactions, explores new strategies and challenges in regulating HSV-2 replication and influencing the cell cycle through host cellular components, and presents a fresh perspective on the treatment of HSV-2 by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
Review
Oncology
Hayle Scanlan, Zachary Coffman, Jeffrey Bettencourt, Timothy Shipley, Debra E. Bramblett
Summary: This review provides an overview of HSV-1 as an oncolytic virus candidate and the genomic organization of T-VEC. The advantages and limitations of T-VEC compared to other HSV-1 oncolytic virus variants currently in clinical trials are discussed. Additionally, future directions for the use of HSV-1 oncolytic viruses as cancer therapy are explored.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, May P. Chan, Sara C. Shalin, Kenan J. Sauder, Amy Hudson, Ruth K. Foreman, Mai P. Hoang, Jeoffry B. Brennick, Shaofeng Yan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Summary: This study presents the first known report of herpes virus infecting deep stromal cells of the dermis, highlighting the importance of considering cutaneous stromal herpes in patients with atypical clinical lesions, especially when immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is crucial for initiating therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Deepthi Konda, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Rahul Dhodapkar, Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh, Devinder Mohan Thappa
Summary: This study characterized the clinical markers of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection among patients with pemphigus vulgaris. It was found that male sex, presence of fissures, hemorrhagic crusts, erosions with angulated margins, linear erosions, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with HSV infection. Hemorrhagic crusts and linear erosions were identified as independent predictors of HSV infection.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng-Shan Tsai, Li-Chiu Wang, Hsien-Yang Tsai, Yu-Jheng Lin, Hua-Lin Wu, Shun-Fen Tzeng, Sheng-Min Hsu, Shun-Hua Chen
Summary: The study reveals that HSV-1 infection activates microglia to protect the host and neurons, with microglia depletion increasing viral lethality and neuron loss. Microglia from infected mice reduce virus infectivity and induce interferon production to inhibit viral replication and neuronal damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Anders Jarneborn, Karolina Thorn, Kristina Eriksson, Tao Jin
Summary: This study provides evidence that treatment with tofacitinib may increase the risk of disease aggravation and severe encephalitis in primary herpes simplex infection by impairing antiviral response induced by monocytes and microglia.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cooper K. Hayes, Christopher K. Villota, Fiona B. McEnany, Stacey Ceron, Sita Awasthi, Moriah L. Szpara, Harvey M. Friedman, David A. Leib, Richard Longnecker, Matthew D. Weitzman, Lisa N. Akhtar
Summary: Clinical HSV-2 isolates collected from neonates with encephalitis are more neurovirulent in human neuronal cell culture and murine models as compared to isolates from neonates with skin-limited disease, suggesting that viral factors contribute to neurologic outcome following human neonatal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jun Zhao, Chao Qin, Yongzhen Liu, Youliang Rao, Pinghui Feng
Summary: This review discusses the latest advances in understanding how herpes simplex viruses manipulate host cells' pattern recognition receptors to establish persistent infection and evade immune responses. Deepening our understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the development of novel antiviral therapies and vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Bangxing Hong, Upasana Sahu, Matthew P. Mullarkey, Balveen Kaur
Summary: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) shows promise as a treatment for solid tumors, but there are still barriers that limit its efficacy. This review focuses on the essential viral genes that allow for virus replication and spread, with the aim of enhancing oHSV infection and replication among tumor cells.
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Danastas, Gerry Guo, Jessica Merjane, Nathan Hong, Ava Larsen, Monica Miranda-Saksena, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: This study explores the effects of interferons (IFNs) on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and reveals that IFNs have the potential to block virus release from nerve endings, thereby preventing transmission into the skin. The study also highlights the potential wider antiviral effects of IFN-γ in neurons, suggesting its role in HSV-1 reactivation. These findings identify new targets for the development of immunotherapies to impede HSV-1 spread from nerves to the skin.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Charles-Edouard Luyt, David Hajage, Sonia Burrel, Sami Hraiech, Mamadou Hassimiou Diallo, Laurent Papazian, David Boutolleau
Summary: This analysis investigated the efficacy of acyclovir in preventing oropharyngeal HSV reactivation among mechanically ventilated patients.
