Review
Immunology
Lankai Chen, Xipeng Zhang, Guisheng Liu, Shuo Chen, Minying Zheng, Siwei Zhu, Shiwu Zhang
Summary: Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) can be transmitted from mother to offspring through milk during lactation, targeting Peyer's patches (PPs) in the mouse intestine. It enters PPs through microfold cells and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by binding with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MMTV can infect both APCs and T cells, leading to extensive proliferation and recruitment of immune cells. The infected lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the intestinal lymphatic tissues serve as hotbeds for viral replication and amplification. This transmission of MMTV eventually results in mammary gland infection and the occurrence of breast cancer.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Tracoyia Roach, Laurence Morel
Summary: Immune homeostasis relies on the balance between effector T cells and regulatory T cells. Studies have identified genetic factors that maintain the stability and suppressive function of regulatory T cells, which could potentially be targeted for therapeutic intervention against autoimmunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ryuta Uraki, Masaki Imai, Mutsumi Ito, Hiroaki Shime, Mizuyu Odanaka, Moe Okuda, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Sayuri Yamazaki
Summary: This study showed that transient Treg-cell depletion without adjuvants in mice induced protective antigen-specific immunity to SARS-CoV-2, including the production of antibodies and cellular immune responses. The manipulation of Treg cells could activate antigen-presenting DCs, offering an innovative approach to vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.
Review
Virology
Francesca Parisi, Giulia Freer, Chiara Maria Mazzanti, Mauro Pistello, Alessandro Poli
Summary: MMTV is a virus that may cause mammary carcinoma and lymphoma by exploiting the immune system and causing tumors through insertional mutations. Evidence suggests a possible association between an MMTV-like virus and human breast cancer, sparking controversy for over 40 years. The hypothesis of zoonotic transmission raises questions about prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Daniel S. Shin, Sneha Ratnapriya, Creel Ng Cashin, Lucy F. Kuhn, Rod A. Rahimi, Robert M. Anthony, James J. Moon
Summary: Self-antigen-specific T cells are regulated through tolerance mechanisms, but tissue injury can disrupt this regulation and trigger autoimmunity. Using mouse models of lung injury, we found that acute injury leads to the expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that specifically recognize self-antigen. Conventional CD4+ T cells with the same self-antigen specificity remained unresponsive even after Treg ablation. Therefore, the self-antigen-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire plays a regulatory role in limiting tissue damage and autoimmunity during acute injury.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Angela Wahl, Wenbo Yao, Baolin Liao, Morgan Chateau, Cara Richardson, Lijun Ling, Adrienne Franks, Krithika Senthil, Genevieve Doyon, Fengling Li, Josh Frost, Christopher B. Whitehurst, Joseph S. Pagano, Craig A. Fletcher, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Michael G. Hudgens, Allison R. Rogala, Joseph D. Tucker, Ian McGowan, R. Balfour Sartor, J. Victor Garcia
Summary: Germ-free mice are commonly used in studying the role of the microbiome in health and disease, but they are not suitable for studying human-specific pathogens. In this study, a germ-free mouse model systemically reconstituted with human immune cells was developed and used to evaluate the role of the resident microbiome in the acquisition, replication, and pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The results showed that the resident microbiome enhances the establishment of EBV infection, EBV-induced tumorigenesis, mucosal HIV acquisition, and replication.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Farooq Riaz, Zhihui Huang, Fan Pan
Summary: This review discusses the immune-suppressive mechanisms of Treg cells, the post-translational regulations of Foxp3, and the potential therapeutic targets and strategies to target Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. Pharmacological targeting of enzymes involved in PTMs can significantly influence the PTMs of Foxp3, potentially impacting the progression of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yi Zhang, Lei Li, Genevieve Genest, Wei Zhao, Dan Ke, Sabrina Bartolucci, Nils Pavey, Tho-Alfakar Al-Aubodah, Duncan Lejtenyi, Bahar Torabi, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Bruce Mazer, Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
Summary: In this study, the induction of specific T-REG cells during oral immunotherapy (OIT) in children with cow's milk protein (CMP) allergy was found to be effective in promoting tolerance and reducing Th2 responses. The expansion of these T-REG cells correlated with successful desensitization to CMP and may be a potential marker for predicting the time to reach maintenance phase in OIT.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kathryn A. Knoop, Keely G. McDonald, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Phillip Tarr, Rodney D. Newberry
Summary: Atopic disorders are on the rise in Western societies, characterized by immune responses to environmental triggers. Early life exposure to diet and microbes shapes the intestinal Treg population significantly. Tregs developed early in life play a crucial role in restraining systemic inflammatory responses into adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Christina Seitz, Anne-Laure Joly, Fang Fang, Katie Frith, Paul Gray, John Andersson
Summary: The transcription factor FOXP3 is crucial for the development and function of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Alterations in the expression of FOXP3 isoforms are associated with inflammatory disease progression. This study investigates the effects of a specific FOXP3 mutation on Treg cell subsets. The findings suggest that the full-length FOXP3 isoform is important for maintaining Treg cell lineage stability but not essential for Treg cell activation.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lauren Van Zeebroeck, Rebeca Arroyo Hornero, Beatriz F. Corte-Real, Ibrahim Hamad, Torsten B. Meissner, Markus Kleinewietfeld
Summary: Tregs are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and have potential therapeutic value in various diseases. While current genome editing protocols for Tregs are limited, our rapid and effective method may advance possibilities for Treg-based cellular therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tabea M. Eser, Olga Baranov, Manuel Huth, Mohammed I. M. Ahmed, Flora Deak, Kathrin Held, Luming Lin, Kami Pekayvaz, Alexander Leunig, Leo Nicolai, Georgios Pollakis, Marcus Buggert, David A. Price, Raquel Rubio-Acero, Jakob Reich, Philine Falk, Alissa Markgraf, Kerstin Puchinger, Noemi Castelletti, Laura Olbrich, Kanika Vanshylla, Florian Klein, Andreas Wieser, Jan Hasenauer, Inge Kroidl, Michael Hoelscher, Christof Geldmacher
Summary: The study shows that systemic inflammation markers are directly correlated with upper airways viral loads, while the frequencies of nucleocapsid-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and viral loads. The presence of activated T cells expressing cytotoxic proteins and IFN-gamma in infected epithelium is linked with better control of SARS-CoV-2. These findings provide insights for the development of vaccines against COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Beatriz F. F. Corte-Real, Rebeca Arroyo Hornero, Aleksandra Dyczko, Ibrahim Hamad, Markus Kleinewietfeld
Summary: CSF2RB (CD131) may serve as a potential biomarker for autoimmune diseases in Tregs, with its overexpression potentially being linked to disease development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pajau Vangay, Tonya Ward, Sarah Lucas, Lalit K. Beura, Dominique Sabas, Max Abramson, Lisa Till, Susan L. Hoops, Purna Kashyap, Ryan C. Hunter, David Masopust, Dan Knights
Summary: In this study, the differential effects of human gut microbiota from the United States and rural Thailand on the murine gut mucosa and immune system were assessed. The results suggest that Western-associated human gut microbes contribute to a pro-inflammatory immune response.
Review
Immunology
Yiran Qiu, Shouyu Ke, Jieqiong Chen, Zhizhen Qin, Wenle Zhang, Yaqin Yuan, Dehua Meng, Gang Zhao, Kejin Wu, Bin Li, Dan Li
Summary: This review summarizes the latest findings on the dynamic connections and reciprocal regulations of non-lymphoid Treg cell subsets in the immune escape of tumour cells in solid tumors, providing new insights for the development of next-generation engineered T cell-based immune treatments for solid tumors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)