Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yaseen M. Arabi, Dunia Jawdat, Ali H. Hajeer, Musharaf Sadat, Jesna Jose, Ramesh K. Vishwakarma, Walid Almashaqbeh, Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
Summary: This study evaluated the inflammatory response in patients with severe acute respiratory infection due to the Middle East respiratory syndrome and non-Middle East respiratory syndrome, and identified two distinct inflammatory subtypes using latent class analysis. The findings showed that a subset of patients exhibited increased levels of interleukins, indicative of a cytokine storm. Further research is needed to explore the effects of immunomodulators on different inflammatory subtypes.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laure Gallay, Viet-Thi Tran, Elodie Perrodeau, Nicolas Vignier, Matthieu Mahevas, Francesca Bisio, Emmanuel Forestier, Francois-Xavier Lescure
Summary: In older adults with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring oxygen therapy, corticosteroids were found to significantly improve overall survival at day 14. However, there may be an increased risk of adverse events in patients receiving corticosteroid treatment.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephane Marot, Isabelle Malet, Valentin Leducq, Karen Zafilaza, Delphine Sterlin, Delphine Planas, Adelie Gothland, Aude Jary, Karim Dorgham, Timothee Bruel, Sonia Burrel, David Boutolleau, Olivier Schwartz, Guy Gorochov, Vincent Calvez, Anne-Genevieve Marcelin
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce neutralizing antibody response correlated with antibody levels, but this neutralizing activity declines after two months post-disease onset, suggesting the need for maintaining infection prevention measures and considering periodic vaccination boosts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xiang Liu, Ali Zaid, Joseph R. Freitas, Nigel A. McMillan, Suresh Mahalingam, Adam Taylor
Summary: The study confirmed the value of the RG-rescued SARS-CoV-2 viruses in reproducing infection patterns and pathology typical of severe COVID-19 in a mouse model, providing important tools for advancing research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 therapeutics.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Tingting Li, Wenhui Li, Nianzhang Zhang, Zigang Qu, John A. Ohiolei, Li Li, Hongbin Yan, Wanzhong Jia, Baoquan Fu
Summary: The study investigated the immune responses to Chinese Tibet Trichinella spiralis infection in Tibetan pigs with different doses over a 49-day tracking period. Results showed that the larval numbers of T. spiralis in Tibetan pigs increased with infective dose, and the anti-Trichinella IgG levels peaked at 49 days post-infection. Cytokine kinetics revealed a high level of mixed Th1/Th2 cytokines in Tibetan pigs infected with T. spiralis.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Virology
Christina M. Lazov, Louise Lohse, Graham J. Belsham, Thomas Bruun Rasmussen, Anette Botner
Summary: This study compared the infectivity and immune response of two strains of PEDV from Germany and Italy in pigs. The German strain resulted in two peaks of virus excretion, while the Italian strain only had one peak. All pigs inoculated with either strain showed seroconversion after 18 and 10 days, respectively.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rogan A. Grant, Luisa Morales-Nebreda, Nikolay S. Markov, Suchitra Swaminathan, Melissa Querrey, Estefany R. Guzman, Darryl A. Abbott, Helen K. Donnelly, Alvaro Donayre, Isaac A. Goldberg, Zasu M. Klug, Nicole Borkowski, Ziyan Lu, Hermon Kihshen, Yuliya Politanska, Lango Sichizya, Mengjia Kang, Ali Shilatifard, Chao Qi, Jon W. Lomasney, A. Christine Argento, Jacqueline M. Kruser, Elizabeth S. Malsin, Chiagozie O. Pickens, Sean B. Smith, James M. Walter, Anna E. Pawlowski, Daniel Schneider, Prasanth Nannapaneni, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Ankit Bharat, Cara J. Gottardi, G. R. Scott Budinger, Alexander Misharin, Benjamin D. Singer, Richard G. Wunderink
Summary: The study found that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have enriched T cells and monocytes in the alveolar space, suggesting that the virus infects alveolar macrophages and induces T cell production of interferon-, leading to inflammation and persistent alveolitis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Damir Vukoja, Andrea Juric, Zdravka Erkapic, Tomislav Pejic, Zeljko Zovko, Josipa Juricic, Jelena Pejic, Matea Corluka
Summary: This paper presents a case series and concept of managing COVID-19 patients in primary health care centers, using timely and rational dexamethasone use, along with other pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments and interventions, supported by statistical data. The positive outcomes achieved suggest that even deteriorating and severe COVID-19 patients can be successfully treated to some extent or completely in primary care settings.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xifeng Hu, Zheng Chen, Deping Song, Yu Li, Zhen Ding, Xiangdong Wu, Hongnan You, Huansheng Wu
Summary: The study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of porcine circovirus-like virus (PCLV), a member of circular replication-associated protein (Rep) encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses, in pigs with respiratory disease. The results showed a high frequency of PCLV in diseased pigs, with four new genotypes identified. This study marks the first report of the association between PCLV and respiratory diseased pigs.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Julien Lopinto, Romain Arrestier, Bastien Peiffer, Antoine Gaillet, Guillaume Voiriot, Tomas Urbina, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Raphael Bellaiche, Tai Pham, Zakaria Ait-Hamou, Damien Roux, Raphael Clere-Jehl, Elie Azoulay, Stephane Gaudry, Julien Mayaux, Armand Mekontso Dessap, Florence Canoui-Poitrine, Nicolas de Prost
Summary: High doses of corticosteroids (HDCT) in critically ill COVID-19 patients with nonresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to an increased 90-day mortality.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aziza Kantri, Jihane Ziati, Mohamed Khalis, Amal Haoudar, Karim El Aidaoui, Youssef Daoudi, Inas Chikhaoui, Khalid El Yamani, Mohammed Mouhaoui, Jalila El Bakkouri, Nezha Dini, Mohammed Mahi, Abdelhamid Naitlho, Abdelkrim Bahlaoui, Ahmed Bennana, Mustapha Noussair, Lahcen Belyamani, Chafik El Kettani
Summary: This study critically analyzed the clinical and biological characteristics of 134 patients from the North African Mediterranean region with COVID-19, finding that factors such as age, comorbidities, gender, and infection type were associated with disease progression to a severe state. Abnormalities in certain parameters were closely linked to disease deterioration.
Article
Microbiology
Rong Wang, Yueqiang Xiao, Qian Zhang, Liang Bai, Weirong Wang, Sihai Zhao, Enqi Liu
Summary: This study demonstrated that highly pathogenic PRRSV strain HuN4 induced significant secretion of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), resulting in severe interstitial pneumonia in pigs. In contrast, infection with an avirulent PRRSV vaccine strain CH1R led to mild lung inflammation with minimal HMGB1 secretion.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Wu, Boyun Liang, Cunrong Chen, Hua Wang, Yaohui Fang, Shu Shen, Xiaoli Yang, Baoju Wang, Liangkai Chen, Qi Chen, Yang Wu, Jia Liu, Xuecheng Yang, Wei Li, Bin Zhu, Wenqing Zhou, Huan Wang, Sumeng Li, Sihong Lu, Di Liu, Huadong Li, Adalbert Krawczyk, Mengji Lu, Dongliang Yang, Fei Deng, Ulf Dittmer, Mirko Trilling, Xin Zheng
Summary: The study quantified IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 in 349 symptomatic COVID-19 patients over 6 months, showing that IgM levels dropped after 3 months while IgG responses contracted but remained high at 6 months.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Delia Goletti, Linda Petrone, Davide Manissero, Antonio Bertoletti, Sonia Rao, Nduku Ndunda, Alessandro Sette, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy
Summary: T-cell responses play a crucial role in COVID-19, providing early detection of disease progression and predictive value for severity and survival rates. Vaccination stimulates robust T-cell responses, contributing significantly to protective immunity, although understanding of long-term T-cell responses remains limited.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Gaurav Rawal, Wannarat Yim-im, Ethan Aljets, Patrick G. Halbur, Jianqiang Zhang, Tanja Opriessnig
Summary: Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) is a mutant strain distinct from transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Little is known about recent PRCV isolates, and this study aimed to obtain a contemporary PRCV isolate from US pigs for genetic characterization.
Article
Immunology
Anastasia N. Vlasova, Annika Diaz, Debasu Damtie, Leshan Xiu, Teck-Hock Toh, Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee, Linda J. Saif, Gregory C. Gray
Summary: This study identified a novel canine-feline recombinant alphacoronavirus isolated from a child with pneumonia, suggesting recent zoonotic transmission and emphasizing the public health threat of animal CoVs. Better surveillance is needed to monitor these viruses and their potential impact on human health.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anastasia N. Vlasova, Teck-Hock Toh, Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee, Yong Poovorawan, Phillip Davis, Marli S. P. Azevedo, John A. Lednicky, Linda J. Saif, Gregory C. Gray
Summary: This article reviews the existing evidence of animal alphacoronaviruses detected in human patients with acute respiratory illness. Similar viruses to canine, feline, and porcine alphacoronaviruses have been found in humans in Haiti, Malaysia, Thailand, and the USA. The data suggests that these viruses emerged independently in different geographic locations and have been circulating in humans for at least 20 years. Further studies are needed to investigate their prevalence and disease impact.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anand Kumar, Yosra A. Helmy, Zachary Fritts, Anastasia Vlasova, Linda J. Saif, Gireesh Rajashekara
Summary: This study investigates the anti-rotavirus properties of different probiotics in HT-29 cells and finds that E. coli Nissle has the strongest ability to inhibit virus replication. It also modulates cell-cell adhesion, immune response, and inflammatory response, which may explain its superior anti-rotavirus properties.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Husheem Michael, Ayako Miyazaki, Stephanie N. Langel, Joshua O. Amimo, Maryssa K. Kick, Juliet Chepngeno, Francine C. Paim, David D. Fischer, Gireesh Rajashekara, Linda J. Saif, Anastasia N. Vlasova
Summary: This study evaluates the effects of colonization with Escherichia coli Nissle and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG probiotics on the efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccine, and finds that colonization with Escherichia coli Nissle enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy to a greater extent than Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG.
Article
Virology
Juliet Chepngeno, Joshua O. Amimo, Husheem Michael, Kwonil Jung, Sergei Raev, Marcia V. Lee, Debasu Damtie, Alfred O. Mainga, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Linda J. Saif
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin A deficiency and group A RV maternal immunization on the immune responses and passive protection in piglets against RV challenge. The results showed that vitamin A deficiency increased RNA shedding and diarrhea in piglets, while vitamin A supplementation improved the immune response and reduced viral shedding and diarrhea. Overall, the study demonstrated the importance of vitamin A in enhancing the immune response and protecting against RV infection in piglets.
Article
Virology
Yusheng Guo, Sergei Raev, Maryssa K. Kick, Molly Raque, Linda J. Saif, Anastasia N. Vlasova
Summary: This study evaluated the permissiveness of porcine intestinal enteroid (PIE) culture systems for the infection of group C rotaviruses (RVCs). The results showed that the three-dimensional (3D) PIE cultures were more susceptible to RVC replication than the two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Additionally, different RVC strains may show selective binding to different glycans on cell surfaces, and cellular cholesterol plays an important role in RVC replication.
Article
Microbiology
S. A. Raev, A. M. Omwando, Y. Guo, M. S. Raque, J. O. Amimo, L. J. Saif, A. N. Vlasova
Summary: This study investigated the ability of selected commensal and probiotic bacteria to bind different strains of rotavirus (RV) via histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and to block RV infection of IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that certain bacteria expressed HBGAs which correlated with their ability to bind RVs and some bacteria demonstrated the ability to block RV attachment onto host cells.
BENEFICIAL MICROBES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Husheem Michael, Vishal Srivastava, Loic Deblais, Joshua O. Amimo, Juliet Chepngeno, Linda J. Saif, Gireesh Rajashekara, Anastasia N. Vlasova
Summary: Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea, especially in developing countries with malnutrition. Supplementation of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and tryptophan (TRP) to malnourished humanized gnotobiotic piglets enhances immune responses and provides greater protection against HRV infection and diarrhea. EcN + TRP supplementation alters metabolites involved in lipid, amino acid, benzenoids, organic compounds, and nucleotide metabolism, which contribute to the prevention of HRV diarrhea and provide potential targets for therapeutics development.
Article
Virology
Jiayu Xu, Mingde Liu, Xiaoyu Niu, Juliette Hanson, Kwonil Jung, Peng Ru, Huolin Tu, Daniel M. Jones, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Linda J. Saif, Qiuhong Wang
Summary: Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) replicate in the respiratory/oral mucosa, mimic natural infection, and can induce mucosal and systemic immune responses to the full repertoire of SARS-CoV-2 structural/nonstructural proteins. Generally, LAVs produce broader and more durable protection than current COVID-19 vaccines. We generated a temperature-sensitive (TS) SARS-CoV-2 mutant TS11 via cold-adaptation of the WA1 strain in Vero E6 cells. This mutant showed attenuated pathogenicity and induced protection against disease after a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joshua O. Amimo, Husheem Michael, Juliet Chepngeno, Sergei A. Raev, Linda J. Saif, Anastasia N. Vlasova
Summary: Vitamin A is crucial for various biological processes and its deficiency can lead to inflammation, immune imbalance, intestinal inflammation, and weakened mucosal barrier. It also influences the composition of the gut microbiome and immune response, contributing to increased susceptibility to infections.
Article
Virology
Molly Raque, Sergei A. Raev, Yusheng Guo, Maryssa K. Kick, Linda J. Saif, Anastasia N. Vlasova
Summary: In this study, the transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids (PIEs) to G5P[7] and G9P[13] infections were compared. The results showed that G9P[13] infection led to a strong modulation of gene expression compared to G5P[7] infection. Both strains affected signaling pathways related to immune response and cholesterol metabolism, but G9P[13] had a significant impact on the ceramide synthesis pathway as well. These findings highlight the unique mechanisms of cellular response to RVA infection and their importance in the development of control strategies.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
S. A. Raev, J. O. Amimo, L. J. Saif, A. N. Vlasova
Summary: Rotavirus (RV) causes severe diarrhea in young children and animals worldwide. Several glycans on intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) surface act as attachment sites for RV. The composition of the intestinal mucus is regulated by complex interactions among the gut microbiota, RV, and the host. Understanding the role of mucus is essential for developing alternative therapeutic tools to control RV infection, such as pre- and probiotics.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Joseph H. Azar, John P. Evans, Madison H. Sikorski, Karthik B. Chakravarthy, Selah McKenney, Ian Carmody, Cong Zeng, Rachael Teodorescu, No-Joon Song, Jamie L. Hamon, Donna Bucci, Maria Velegraki, Chelsea Bolyard, Kevin P. Weller, Sarah A. Reisinger, Seema A. Bhat, Kami J. Maddocks, Nathan Denlinger, Narendranath Epperla, Richard J. Gumina, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Eugene M. Oltz, Linda J. Saif, Dongjun Chung, Jennifer A. Woyach, Peter G. Shields, Shan-Lu Liu, Zihai Li, Mark P. Rubinstein
Summary: In this study, we evaluated the antibody responses induced by the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and Omicron variant vaccines in 57 patients with B cell malignancies, both before and after booster immunization. We found that a significant proportion of vaccinated patients were seronegative before the booster, especially those receiving active cancer therapies. Booster immunization was able to induce detectable antibodies in some seronegative patients, but the overall benefit was more noticeable in patients who were already seropositive and not receiving active therapy. We also observed that while the antibody levels against the ancestral virus and Omicron variant were generally concordant among individual patients, neutralizing antibodies against Omicron tended to be reduced. Interestingly, we found comparable levels of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- and influenza-reactive antibodies in all patients, including those unable to generate detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike, suggesting that B cell-targeting therapies primarily impair de novo antibody production rather than preexisting antibody levels.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Margot Ehrlich, Christopher Madden, Dillon S. Mcbride, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Devra Huey, Scott Kenney, Qiuhong Wang, Linda J. Saif, Anastasia Vlasova, Patricia Dennis, Dusty Lombardi, Stormy Gibson, Alexis Mclaine, Sarah Lauterbach, Page Yaxley, Jenessa A. Winston, Dubraska Diaz-Campos, Risa Pesapane, Mark Flint, Jaylene Flint, Randy Junge, Seth A. Faith, Andrew S. Bowman, Vanessa L. Hale
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a global pandemic in late 2019, with a zoonotic spillover event identified as the presumed origin. Reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple animal species raised concerns about potential viral mutations and the development of new reservoir hosts. This study aimed to surveil for SARS-CoV-2 in various animal species in Ohio between May 2020 and August 2021 to understand transmission between animals and humans.
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Bindu Adhikari, Eugene M. Oltz, Richard J. Gumina, Linda J. Saif, Anastasia N. Vlasova
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)