Article
Microbiology
Alejandra Alvarez-Fernandez, Marta Baxarias, David Prandi, Edward B. Breitschwerdt, Laia Solano-Gallego
Summary: The study showed that detection of antibodies against B. henselae in oral fluid is less sensitive compared to serum samples, and oral fluid antibodies were more commonly detected in cats with high serum antibody titers.
Article
Fisheries
Ning Xu, Weiyu Sun, Lve Gong, Yongtao Liu, Jing Dong, Yibin Yang, Shun Zhou, Xiaohui Ai
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of doxycycline in crayfish and found that multiple-peak phenomenon occurred in hemolymph and tissues regardless of the drug administration route. The pharmacokinetic parameters were altered with different administration methods.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Orhan Corum, Kamil Uney, Ertugrul Terzi, Duygu Durna Corum, Devran Coskun, Feray Altan, Muammer Elmas
Summary: This study compared the pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline after oral administration in rainbow trout reared at different temperatures. The results showed that temperature significantly affected the metabolism, excretion, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline in rainbow trout, suggesting the need for temperature-dependent dosing regimens and withdrawal times.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Herrala, Soile Turunen, Kati Hanhineva, Marko Lehtonen, Jopi J. W. Mikkonen, Hubertus Seitsalo, Reijo Lappalainen, Leo Tjaderhane, Raija K. Niemela, Tuula Salo, Sami Myllymaa, Arja M. Kullaa, Olli Karkkainen
Summary: In this study, salivary metabolites were analyzed in pSS patients treated with low-dose doxycycline, untreated pSS patients, and healthy controls. The results showed differences in saliva metabolite profiles between pSS patients and healthy controls, with LDD treatment normalizing levels of certain metabolites. Further research is needed to investigate the role of saliva metabolome in pSS pathology and its potential for predicting or monitoring the disease.
Article
Microbiology
Keith A. Rodvold, Mark H. Gotfried, Vipul Gupta, Amanda Ek, Praveen Srivastava, Angela Talley, Jon Bruss
Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and distribution of TBP-PI-HBr in healthy adults, and found that Tebipenem can effectively distribute into the lungs, supporting further evaluation for the treatment of lower respiratory tract bacterial infections.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Giordana Salvi de Souza, Dimitri B. A. Mantovani, Pascalle Mossel, Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman, Ana Maria Marques da Silva, Hendrikus H. Boersma, Cristiane R. G. Furini, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Charalampos Tsoumpas, Gert Luurtsema
Summary: The oral route is widely used and preferred for drug administration. Accurate quantification of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and characterization is crucial for drug development. In vivo methods such as gamma-scintigraphy, MRI, and PET have been used to analyze gastrointestinal absorption. This review focuses on PET studies using oral tracers, revealing variations in acquisition protocols, quantification methods, and pharmacokinetic parameters. Human studies showed 10-30 minutes for tracer to reach the intestine and about 100 minutes to reach peak concentration in the brain. Rodent studies estimated different pharmacokinetic parameters, indicating PET's potential for non-invasive measurement of drug absorption and distribution. Long Axial Field of View (LAFOV) PET scanners can reduce administered dose, making oral administration feasible for clinical studies.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yuxin Yang, Jingyuan Kong, Yu Liu, Qinyao Wu, Yuying Cao, Jicheng Qiu, Lu Zhang, Xiaohui Gong, Fuhua Zhao, Xingyuan Cao, Jianzhong Wang
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles and bioequivalence of two cyclosporine oral solutions in cats. The results showed no significant differences in major pharmacokinetic parameters between the two formulations and the blood profiles of cyclosporine were similar after administration.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Preethi Balan, Ruklanthi de Alwis, Nadeeka S. Udawatte, Thanuja Herath, Justin Z. N. Toh, Goh Bee Tin, Eng Eong Ooi, Jenny Low Guek Hong, Jean Sim Xiang Ying
Summary: This study evaluated the antibody response in oral fluids of healthcare workers following vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech-BNT162b2 vaccine. The results showed that gingival crevicular fluid had higher detection rates and titers of antibodies compared to saliva, and had a stronger correlation with serum antibodies. The researchers suggest that gingival crevicular fluid could be a less invasive alternative to serum for monitoring antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines.
INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jasmine Hattab, Giuseppe Marruchella, Alberto Pallavicini, Fabrizia Gionechetti, Francesco Mosca, Abigail Rose Trachtman, Laura Lanci, Luigino Gabrielli, Pietro Giorgio Tiscar
Summary: The study aimed to define the bacterial microbiota of the oral cavity of healthy sows, with 22 samples of oral fluid analyzed by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Corynebacteriales were the predominant orders, with families like Lactobacillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae represented. The most abundant genera included Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, and Staphylococcus.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Christopher Wohkittel, Oliver Scherf-Clavel, Stefanie Fekete, Marcel Romanos, Petra Hoegger, Manfred Gerlach
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of using oral fluid for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of guanfacine in children and adolescents. The results showed a strong correlation between oral fluid and serum concentrations of guanfacine, indicating that oral fluid can serve as an alternative specimen for TDM of guanfacine. The effect of oral fluid pH on the oral fluid-to-serum concentration ratio was found to be minimal.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Julia Anna Helene Kaeswurm, Rebecca Sempio, Federica Manca, Melanie Regina Burandt, Maria Buchweitz
Summary: This study determined the phenolic contents and profiles of apples and investigated their bioaccessibility during oral digestion. The proposed beneficial effect of PP on variety specific allergenicity was also discussed.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biology
Constanza Jimenez, Maria Jose Bordagaray, Jose Luis Villarroel, Tania Flores, Dafna Benadof, Alejandra Fernandez, Fernando Valenzuela
Summary: This narrative review examines the use of biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for diagnosing psoriasis. Studies show differences in levels of inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin, and antioxidant biomarkers between healthy individuals and those with psoriasis. However, more research is needed to determine an appropriate panel of biomarkers for use in saliva or GCF for psoriasis.
Article
Immunology
Elisa Kortela, Mari J. Kanerva, Juha Puustinen, Saija Hurme, Laura Airas, Anneli Lauhio, Ulla Hohenthal, Paivi Jalava-Karvinen, Tuomas Nieminen, Taru Finnila, Tony Haggblom, Annukka Pietikainen, Mari Koivisto, Johanna Vilhonen, Minna Marttila-Vaara, Jukka Hytonen, Jarmo Oksi
Summary: Oral doxycycline is as effective as intravenous ceftriaxone in the treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), with both treatment options leading to similar improvements in patients' conditions.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christos Kaikousidis, Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou, Aristides Dokoumetzidis, Georgia Valsami
Summary: Intranasal delivery is a popular non-invasive mode of administration due to its potential for targeted delivery to the brain. The anatomical connection of the nasal cavity with the central nervous system, as well as the high vasculature of the respiratory area, enables systemic absorption and avoids hepatic metabolism. Modeling the absorption events in the nasal cavity is challenging and requires sophisticated approaches.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Giorgia della Rocca, Fabiola Paoletti, Maria Beatrice Conti, Roberta Galarini, Elisabetta Chiaradia, Monica Sforna, Cecilia Dall'Aglio, Angela Polisca, Alessandra Di Salvo
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate if CBD bioavailability increases after oral transmucosal administration compared to oral treatment. The results showed that there was no significant difference in CBD bioavailability between oral transmucosal administration and oral treatment, suggesting that CBD is not absorbed by the oral mucosa and is instead swallowed and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Michele Bergmann, Mike Holzheu, Yury Zablotski, Stephanie Speck, Uwe Truyen, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: The study evaluated the quality and practicability of four point-of-care (POC) tests for detecting anti-CPV antibodies in dogs. CanTiCheck(R) showed the highest specificity and practicality, but differences in false positive results between CanTiCheck(R), TiterCHEK(R), and ImmunoComb(R) were minimal.
Article
Allergy
Anna D. J. Korath, Jozef Janda, Eva Untersmayr, Milena Sokolowska, Wojciech Feleszko, Ioana Agache, Ahmed Adel Seida, Katrin Hartmann, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Isabella Pali-Schoell
Summary: As indicated by the study, similar pandemics may occur more frequently in the future due to factors such as climate change, consumption of exotic foods and drinks, global travel, increasing world population, decreasing production space, declining wildlife and free-ranging animal habitats, as well as changed lifestyles. Both society and health authorities need to be alert and well-prepared for similar future situations, with research focusing on prevention and rapid development of treatment options (medications, vaccines).
Review
Virology
Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Margaret J. Hosie, Katrin Hartmann, Herman Egberink, Uwe Truyen, Severine Tasker, Sandor Belak, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Tadeusz Frymus, Albert Lloret, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Diane D. Addie, Hans Lutz, Etienne Thiry, Alan D. Radford, Karin Mostl
Summary: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious and genetically diverse pathogen that can cause serious or fatal diseases in domestic cats. In multicat environments, FCV infections are particularly problematic. FCV can be detected using reverse-transcriptase PCR, but a negative result doesn't rule out infection. Vaccination against FCV is recommended for all cats, but it only protects against disease, not infection.
Article
Virology
Marina L. Meli, Andrea M. Spiri, Katharina Zwicklbauer, Daniela Krentz, Sandra Felten, Michele Bergmann, Roswitha Dorsch, Kaspar Matiasek, Martin Alberer, Laura Kolberg, Ulrich von Both, Katrin Hartmann, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
Summary: This study investigated the effects of treatment on fecal viral shedding, spike gene mutations, and antibody titers in FIP cats and companion cats. The findings demonstrated that oral treatment with GS-441524 effectively decreased viral RNA loads in feces, blood, and effusion in FIP cats. However, re-shedding can occur if cats are re-exposed to FCoV by their companion cats.
Article
Virology
Sandra Felten, Ute Klein-Richers, Stefan Unterer, Michele Bergmann, Christian M. Leutenegger, Nikola Pantchev, Jorg Balzer, Yury Zablotski, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: This study found an association between feline coronavirus infection (FCoV) and diarrhea in multi-cat environments. In addition, the presence of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and feline panleukopenia virus were also associated with an increased risk of diarrhea.
Review
Virology
Katrin Hartmann, Karin Moestl, Albert Lloret, Etienne Thiry, Diane D. Addie, Sandor Belak, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Herman Egberink, Tadeusz Frymus, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Hans Lutz, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Severine Tasker, Uwe Truyen, Margaret J. Hosie
Summary: This article discusses the common condition of immunocompromised cats and the vaccination issues associated with it. It summarizes the available scientific studies and provides decision-making support for veterinarians.
Review
Virology
Herman Egberink, Tadeusz Frymus, Katrin Hartmann, Karin Moestl, Diane D. Addie, Sandor Belak, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Albert Lloret, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Severine Tasker, Etienne Thiry, Uwe Truyen, Margaret J. Hosie
Summary: Antibody testing plays an important role in providing evidence of immune response, determining appropriate vaccination intervals, and controlling disease outbreaks. However, it is expensive and impractical for monitoring the decline of maternally derived antibodies.
Article
Virology
Teresa Rehme, Katrin Hartmann, Uwe Truyen, Yury Zablotski, Michele Bergmann
Summary: This study found that vaccination is the most important measure to reduce the risk of feline panleukopenia in shelters. Young cats, especially those kept in group housing, are more likely to shed the virus.
Article
Virology
Daniela Krentz, Katharina Zwicklbauer, Sandra Felten, Michele Bergmann, Roswitha Dorsch, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Marina L. Meli, Andrea M. Spiri, Ulrich von Both, Martin Alberer, Anne Hoenl, Kaspar Matiasek, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: This study presents the first report on the clinical follow-up and postmortem examination of a cat that was cured of ocular feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) using an oral multicomponent drug containing GS-441524. The results demonstrate that oral treatment with GS-441524 leads to the cure of FIP-associated changes and the elimination of feline coronavirus (FCoV) from all tissues.
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Donato, Marisa Masucci, Katrin Hartmann, Marga G. A. Goris, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Joy Archer, Angela Alibrandi, Maria Grazia Pennisi
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Leptospira spp. in cats from southern Italy, finding a high infection rate. The spring season was identified as the only risk factor for urinary Leptospira DNA shedding, with laboratory abnormalities significantly associated with infection positivity.
Article
Virology
Mark E. Westman, Juliana Giselbrecht, Jacqueline M. Norris, Richard Malik, Jennifer Green, Elle Burton-Bradley, Ashley Cheang, Theres Meili, Marina L. Meli, Katrin Hartmann, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
Summary: This study evaluated the field performance of a new rapid point-of-care test kit in determining different feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection outcomes, as well as its performance in detecting feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection status. The results showed that the test kit was unable to accurately determine different FeLV infection outcomes in field samples and improvements are needed.
Article
Virology
Sandra Felten, Ute Klein-Richers, Stefan Unterer, Michele Bergmann, Yury Zablotski, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: This study aimed to describe the shedding patterns of feline coronavirus (FCoV) in catteries and analyze risk factors for high-intensity shedding or non-shedding. The proportion of high-intensity shedders and non-shedding cats was higher than previously reported, possibly due to housing conditions, genetic susceptibility, or differences in the study period. Certain breeds had a higher risk of high-intensity shedding, and individual hygiene procedures may have influenced FCoV shedding frequency. Smaller group sizes were protective against FCoV shedding.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hendryk Fischer, Vera Geisen, Roswitha Dorsch, Katrin Hartmann, Rene Doerfelt
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation profiles and thromboelastographic parameters in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results showed that dogs with AKI had a tendency to bleed, while dogs with CKD exhibited a hypercoagulable state. These findings should be validated by further studies.
Review
Virology
Severine Tasker, Diane D. Addie, Herman Egberink, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Margaret J. Hosie, Uwe Truyen, Sandor Belak, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Tadeusz Frymus, Albert Lloret, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Etienne Thiry, Karin Moestl, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a common virus in cats that is primarily transmitted faeco-orally. While most infections do not cause clinical signs, a small proportion of infected cats develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is most frequently seen in cats under two years old. Cats with FIP typically present with fever, anorexia, weight loss, and effusions.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Melanie Kaempfle, Michele Bergmann, Petra Koelle, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: This study analyzed the purine content of different dog diets and found differences in the purine content. It is important to select low purine diets in order to reduce the risk of urolith formation in dogs with Leishmania infections during allopurinol treatment.