期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 26, 页码 8136-8141出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424063112
关键词
MTBC Beijing family; origin; expansion; Han Chinese
资金
- Natural Science Foundation of China [91231115, 31301033]
- Key Project of Chinese National Programs, China [2013ZX10003004-001]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M52082]
- Ramon y Cajal Spanish Research Grant [RYC-2012-10627]
- MINECO Research Grant [SAF2013-43521-R]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P3_150750]
- European Research Council [309540-EVODRTB]
- SystemsX.ch
The Beijing family is the most successful genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and responsible for more than a quarter of the global tuberculosis epidemic. As the predominant genotype in East Asia, the Beijing family has been emerging in various areas of the world and is often associated with disease outbreaks and antibiotic resistance. Revealing the origin and historical dissemination of this strain family is important for understanding its current global success. Here we characterized the global diversity of this family based on whole-genome sequences of 358 Beijing strains. We show that the Beijing strains endemic in East Asia are genetically diverse, whereas the globally emerging strains mostly belong to a more homogenous subtype known as modern Beijing. Phylogeographic and coalescent analyses indicate that the Beijing family most likely emerged around 30,000 y ago in southern East Asia, and accompanied the early colonization by modern humans in this area. By combining the genomic data and genotyping result of 1,793 strains from across China, we found the modern Beijing sublineage experienced massive expansions in northern China during the Neolithic era and subsequently spread to other regions following the migration of Han Chinese. Our results support a parallel evolution of the Beijing family and modern humans in East Asia. The dominance of the modern Beijing sublineage in East Asia and its recent global emergence are most likely driven by its hypervirulence, which might reflect adaption to increased human population densities linked to the agricultural transition in northern China.
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