期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 34, 页码 E4642-E4650出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513361112
关键词
active matter; emergent pattern; confinement; colloids
资金
- Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000989]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 0903629]
- FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission [PIOF-GA-2011-302490 Actsa]
- Vietnam Education Foundation
- Simons Foundation
Small autonomous machines like biological cells or soft robots can convert energy input into control of function and form. It is desired that this behavior emerges spontaneously and can be easily switched over time. For this purpose we introduce an active matter system that is loosely inspired by biology and which we term an active colloidal cell. The active colloidal cell consists of a boundary and a fluid interior, both of which are built from identical rotating spinners whose activity creates convective flows. Similarly to biological cell motility, which is driven by cytoskeletal components spread throughout the entire volume of the cell, active colloidal cells are characterized by highly distributed energy conversion. We demonstrate that we can control the shape of the active colloidal cell and drive compartmentalization by varying the details of the boundary (hard vs. flexible) and the character of the spinners (passive vs. active). We report buckling of the boundary controlled by the pattern of boundary activity, as well as formation of core-shell and inverted Janus phase-separated configurations within the active cell interior. As the cell size is increased, the inverted Janus configuration spontaneously breaks its mirror symmetry. The result is a bubble-crescent configuration, which alternates between two degenerate states over time and exhibits collective migration of the fluid along the boundary. Our results are obtained using microscopic, non-momentum-conserving Langevin dynamics simulations and verified via a phase-field continuum model coupled to a Navier-Stokes equation.
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