期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 113, 期 1, 页码 64-68出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510095112
关键词
salt marsh; resilience; hurricanes; wind waves; erosion
资金
- NSF [OCE-1354251, DEB-0621014, OCE-1238212]
- DOI-USGS [G14AC00045]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1238212] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1237733] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1354251] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Salt marsh losses have been documented worldwide because of land use change, wave erosion, and sea-level rise. It is still unclear how resistant salt marshes are to extreme storms and whether they can survive multiple events without collapsing. Based on a large dataset of salt marsh lateral erosion rates collected around the world, here, we determine the general response of salt marsh boundaries to wave action under normal and extreme weather conditions. As wave energy increases, salt marsh response to wind waves remains linear, and there is not a critical threshold in wave energy above which salt marsh erosion drastically accelerates. We apply our general formulation for salt marsh erosion to historical wave climates at eight salt marsh locations affected by hurricanes in the United States. Based on the analysis of two decades of data, we find that violent storms and hurricanes contribute less than 1% to long-term salt marsh erosion rates. In contrast, moderate storms with a return period of 2.5 mo are those causing the most salt marsh deterioration. Therefore, salt marshes seem more susceptible to variations in mean wave energy rather than changes in the extremes. The intrinsic resistance of salt marshes to violent storms and their predictable erosion rates during moderate events should be taken into account by coastal managers in restoration projects and risk management plans.
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