Review
Oncology
Wenli Liu, Gabriel Lopez, Santhosshi Narayanan, Aiham Qdaisat, Yimin Geng, Shouhao Zhou, Michael Spano, Susan Underwood, Marie G. Eclache, Rony Dev, Shalini Dalal, Eduardo Bruera, Lorenzo Cohen
Summary: Acupuncture, as a part of traditional Chinese medicine practice, has shown effectiveness in managing many cancer- and treatment-related symptoms, especially chemotherapy-induced or postoperative nausea. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in treating cancer-related anorexia/loss of appetite is not clear. The current level of evidence is insufficient to make a definitive conclusion on the benefit of acupuncture/moxibustion for treating chronic cancer-related anorexia/appetite problems, and future large randomized controlled trials of high methodological quality are needed.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Roger A. Fielding, Francesco Landi, Karen E. Smoyer, Lisa Tarasenko, John Groarke
Summary: Anorexia/appetite loss in older populations is often overlooked in clinical practice, leading to deficient understanding of its clinical consequences. A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the morbidity and mortality burden of anorexia/appetite loss in adults aged 65 years and above. The review revealed a significant association between anorexia/appetite loss and increased risk of malnutrition, mortality, and other negative outcomes across various healthcare settings. The findings highlight the importance of improving and standardizing screening, detection, assessment, and management of anorexia/appetite loss in older adults.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jingguo Cao, Siman Lei, Tong Zhao, Yuting Xie, Zunqiang Zhou, Sulin Cheng, Xiuqiang Wang
Summary: The study investigated the effects of combined progressive aerobic exercise and HIIT on fat oxidation and reduction in sedentary Chinese adults, finding that the improvements in fat oxidation and maximal oxygen intake were more pronounced in males compared to females.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Christopher Ehret, Aminah Jatoi
Summary: Loss of appetite is common among patients with advanced cancer, and there is controversy over how to palliate this symptom. Studies suggest that palliating this symptom is advisable, although pharmacologic interventions may not always be necessary.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kelsie Olivia Johnson, Nathan Mistry, Adrian Holliday, Theocharis Ispoglou
Summary: As people age, reductions in appetite and food intake can lead to unintentional weight loss, particularly through muscle mass reduction, which can result in muscle weakness and functional decline. However, resistance exercise in older adults does not appear to affect energy intake 2 hours post-exercise despite a modest reduction in appetite over a 5-hour period.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Spyridon Tsirigkakis, George Mastorakos, Yiannis Koutedakis, Vassilis Mougios, Alan M. Nevill, Zoe Pafili, Gregory C. Bogdanis
Summary: A study comparing two high-intensity interval training protocols on obese men showed similar effects in improving regional body composition and fat oxidation. Both training programs effectively reduced trunk fat and increased leg lean mass, while enhancing fat oxidation during exercise. HIIT also resulted in improved peak fat oxidation, VO2peak, and decreased blood lactate levels at submaximal intensities.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
S. Dagenais, R. A. Fielding, S. Clark, C. Cantu, S. Prasad, J. D. Groarke
Summary: This study estimated the annual prevalence and incidence of anorexia in older adults with Medicare fee-for-service health insurance in the United States. The results showed that approximately 1% of adults aged 65-115 years old are diagnosed with anorexia each year, and they have a higher comorbidity burden and increased risk of annual mortality compared to those without a diagnosis of anorexia.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessio Molfino, Marian A. E. de van der Schueren, Karla Sanchez-Lara, Pilar Milke, Maria Ida Amabile, Giovanni Imbimbo, Luca Di Lazzaro, Silvio Cavuto, Giovanni Ronzani, Anton Snegovoy, Ioannis Gioulbasanis, Alessandro Laviano
Summary: In cancer patients at their first diagnosis, anorexia is a common symptom with various appetite tools correlating with food intake percentage. Self-assessment of appetite and FAACT score are associated with body weight loss (BWL), which in turn is related to complications during anticancer therapy.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camila L. P. Oliveira, Normand G. Boule, Aloys Berg, Arya M. Sharma, Sarah A. Elliott, Mario Siervo, Sunita Ghosh, Carla M. Prado
Summary: The study compared the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. HP-MR resulted in higher fat oxidation, lower carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, reduced hunger sensation, and more favorable changes in metabolic blood markers compared to CON breakfast. The primary findings suggest that HP-MR may be beneficial for exercise performance and metabolic health.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Justin D. Roberts, Ashley G. B. Willmott, Liam Beasley, Mariette Boal, Rory Davies, Laurence Martin, Havovi Chichger, Lata Gautam, Juan Del Coso
Summary: The study found that 8 weeks of dGTE+ improved maximal fat oxidation and exercise intensity, lowered LDL-c levels, but had minimal effects on body composition and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy, overweight individuals who maintained regular physical activity.
Article
Oncology
Jennifer Oakvik, Danielle Ready
Summary: CACS is a cancer-related symptom management that requires active screening and interventions. Nutrition and treatment play a pivotal role in multimodal cancer care, and oncology nurses are in a pivotal position to provide proactive screening and assessment for patients with cancer and associated nutritional issues.
SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY NURSING
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Olivier Benichou, Tamer Coskun, Malgorzata D. Gonciarz, Parag Garhyan, Andrew C. Adams, Yu Du, James D. Dunbar, Jennifer A. Martin, Kieren J. Mather, Richard T. Pickard, Vincent L. Reynolds, Deborah A. Robins, Simbarashe P. Zvada, Paul J. Emmerson
Summary: GDF15 and its receptor GFRAL/RET have a role in regulating food intake and body weight. A GDF15 analog, LY3463251, is a potent agonist at the GFRAL/RET receptor with prolonged pharmacokinetics. In preclinical and clinical studies, LY3463251 reduces food intake and body weight, although the weight loss is modest and there are side effects of nausea and emesis.
Review
Cell Biology
Kornelia Johann, Maximilian Kleinert, Susanne Klaus
Summary: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine that affects systemic energy metabolism and its expression and secretion in various organs and tissues are induced in different physiological and pathophysiological states, often associated with mitochondrial stress. GDF15 is considered as a myokine and cardiokine, and activation of the GDF15-GFRAL pathway may lead to increased sympathetic outflow and activation of the HPA stress axis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalya J. Beer, Ben Jackson, James A. Dimmock, Kym J. Guelfi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) combined with need-support on post-exercise food consumption. The results showed that SIT with psychological need-support significantly decreased post-exercise energy intake from snacks, while traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) did not affect food intake. SIT with need-support is well-tolerated in physically inactive individuals with overweight and offers an alternative to traditional exercise prescription.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kimberly R. Smith, Timothy H. Moran
Summary: Food intake is tightly regulated by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic needs to control body weight; peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides play a key role in appetite regulation; hormone-based pharmacotherapies are available for the treatment of obesity and eating disorders.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alicia Fillon, Kristine Beaulieu, Maud Miguet, Melina Bailly, Graham Finlayson, Valerie Julian, Julie Masurier, Marie-Eve Mathieu, Bruno Pereira, Martine Duclos, Yves Boirie, David Thivel
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristine Beaulieu, Pauline Oustric, Shaea Alkahtani, Maha Alhussain, Hanne Pedersen, Jonas Salling Quist, Kristine Faerch, Graham Finlayson
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristine Beaulieu, Nuno Casanova, Pauline Oustric, Mark Hopkins, Krista Varady, Graham Finlayson, Catherine Gibbons
Summary: This study compared the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) and continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight loss, appetite, physical activity, and food cravings. The results showed that IER fast days increased hunger and decreased light physical activity compared to feed days, but had no impact on food cravings or self-reported daily intake.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mark Hopkins, Kristine Beaulieu, Graham Finlayson
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pauline Oustric, Kristine Beaulieu, Nuno Casanova, Dominic O'Connor, Catherine Gibbons, Mark Hopkins, John Blundell, Graham Finlayson
Summary: Food reward (liking and wanting) has been shown to decrease after weight management interventions, regardless of specific dietary modalities. Changes in liking and implicit wanting post weight loss are sustained after 1-year, but the high loss to follow-up rate limits generalization of the findings.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
D. Thivel, L. Metz, V. Julian, L. Isacco, J. Verney, G. Ennequin, K. Charlot, K. Beaulieu, G. Finlayson, J. A. King
Summary: Physical exercise and dietary restriction can both induce energy deficits, but they may lead to different compensatory responses in appetite. Current research provides an overview of the effects of iso-energetic deficits induced by exercise compared to dietary restriction on subsequent energy intake, appetite sensations, and potentially involved hedonic and physiological mechanisms.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marleen A. Baak, Adriyan Pramono, Francesca Battista, Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Luca Busetto, Eliana Carraca, Dror Dicker, Jorge Encantado, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Euan Woodward, Alice Bellicha, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This study found that all types of exercise training can increase maximal oxygen consumption in adults with overweight or obesity, but resistance training is less effective in improving this parameter. Additionally, incorporating resistance exercise into the training program can enhance muscle strength.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Marleen A. van Baak, Francesca Battista, Luca Busetto, Eliana V. Carraca, Dror Dicker, Jorge Encantado, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adriyan Pramono, Euan Woodward, Alice Bellicha, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This systematic review investigated the impact of exercise training interventions on energy intake and appetite control in adults with overweight/obesity. The study found that exercise training may lead to a small increase in fasting hunger and have a small effect on daily energy intake, while also potentially reducing susceptibility to overconsumption.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eliana Carraca, Jorge Encantado, Francesca Battista, Kristine Beaulieu, John Blundell, Luca Busetto, Marleen van Baak, Dror Dicker, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adriyan Pramono, Euan Woodward, Alice Bellicha, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This study aimed to identify the most effective behavior change techniques for increasing physical activity in adults with overweight and obesity in digital and face-to-face interventions. The findings suggest that different BCTs are effective in digital and face-to-face interventions for increasing physical activity.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eliana V. Carraca, Jorge Encantado, Francesca Battista, Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Luca Busetto, Marleen van Baak, Dror Dicker, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adryan Pramono, Euan Woodward, Alice Bellicha, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This study systematically explored the effects of exercise on various psychological outcomes among adults with overweight/obesity, finding positive changes in quality of life but no reduction in depression. Some psychological outcomes, such as body image, anxiety, and perceived stress, are poorly studied and more research is needed to draw solid conclusions.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesca Battista, Andrea Ermolao, Marleen A. van Baak, Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Luca Busetto, Eliana V. Carraca, Jorge Encantado, Dror Dicker, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adriyan Pramono, Alice Bellicha, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: This systematic review found that exercise intervention programs can effectively improve cardiometabolic health indicators in adults with overweight or obesity, including reducing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and intrahepatic fat.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alice Bellicha, Marleen A. van Baak, Francesca Battista, Kristine Beaulieu, John E. Blundell, Luca Busetto, Eliana V. Carraca, Dror Dicker, Jorge Encantado, Andrea Ermolao, Nathalie Farpour-Lambert, Adriyan Pramono, Euan Woodward, Jean-Michel Oppert
Summary: Exercise training after bariatric surgery improves physical fitness and results in additional weight and fat loss, as well as potential prevention of bone loss and weight regain post-surgery.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hanne Pedersen, Kristine Beaulieu, Graham Finlayson, Kristine Faerch, Marit Eika Jorgensen, Jack Ivor Lewis, Mads Vendelbo Lind, Lotte Lauritzen, Jonas Salling Quist
Summary: The food availability and dietary behaviors in Greenland have changed with Westernization. This study aimed to explore the differences in food reward between a traditional Inuit diet and a Westernized diet in Inuit populations. The results showed that both groups had lower implicit wanting for sweet and high-fat foods, but the traditional Inuit diet group had higher implicit wanting for high-fat sweet foods.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
John E. Blundell, Kristine Beaulieu
Summary: From a public health perspective, the relationship between exercise and appetite is of interest due to its implications for energy balance and obesity. Exercise affects appetite by increasing fasting hunger, enhancing post-prandial satiety, modulating hedonic responses to food, and improving eating behavior. Prolonged physical activity and exercise strengthen and sensitize the appetite control system, reducing the risk of overeating, while physical inactivity fails to regulate energy intake, leading to possible overconsumption. The effects of exercise on appetite are complex and vary among individuals, impacting energy balance and body mass differently.
Article
Philosophy
Kristine Beaulieu, John Blundell
Summary: Hunger is a conscious sensation that can be measured and is a marker of underlying biological processes. While hunger is driven by physiology, it is also influenced by environmental and cultural factors, shaping the appropriateness of its expression.
TOPOI-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY
(2021)