Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengya Li, Bing-Bing Zhou, Minyi Gao, Yimin Chen, Ming Hao, Guohua Hu, Xia Li
Summary: To address future environmental change and social vulnerability, understanding future population dynamics is critical. This study presents a new set of 1 km global population projections that are consistent with socioeconomic pathways, using a machine learning framework. The accuracy of these projections outperforms existing datasets, especially in densely-populated areas. The study also provides insights into future global population dynamics and estimates of global heat exposure. This dataset enables proactive policy interventions for addressing future environmental hazards.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Stephen Jewson
Summary: This study aims to apply climate model projections of hurricane behavior changes due to climate change to hurricane risk models and explore how to deal with the uncertainty. By using novel simulation and weighting techniques, we demonstrated the feasibility of these methods in a simple hurricane risk model and provided new analytical solutions to evaluate the changes in risk. Additionally, we used emulators to derive sensitivity estimates, reducing the workload of evaluating risk models.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin J. Carlson, Rita Colwell, Mohammad Sharif Hossain, Mohammed Mofizur Rahman, Alan Robock, Sadie J. Ryan, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Christopher H. Trisos
Summary: Solar geoengineering could increase malaria risk for one billion people, highlighting the need for health sector planning. The impact of geoengineering on human health is largely unknown.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jay Fuhrman, Candelaria Bergero, Maridee Weber, Seth Monteith, Frances M. Wang, Andres F. Clarens, Scott C. Doney, William Shobe, Haewon McJeon
Summary: Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a critical tool in limiting global warming, and a diverse set of CDR approaches have important benefits and costs for energy-water-land systems. An integrated assessment model was used to evaluate various CDR approaches, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation, direct air capture with carbon storage, enhanced weathering, biochar, and direct ocean capture with carbon storage. These approaches have different levels of carbon removal, deployment, and impacts across regions, with a global removal capacity of approximately 10 GtCO(2) yr(-1). A diverse portfolio of CO2 removal strategies can achieve gigatonne-scale removals while limiting risks to the water-energy-land system.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Doris Soto, Jorge Leon-Munoz, Rene Garreaud, Renato A. Quinones, Francisco Morey
Summary: The increasing occurrences of harmful algal blooms affecting mariculture in southern Chile are related to both climatic factors and increasing eutrophication of coastal zones. The role of climate change in these blooms is becoming more relevant, but efforts to separate its impact from other causal factors are inconclusive. Government and farmers have not paid enough attention to scientific information and advice, leading to recent salmon mortality due to harmful algal blooms. Policy recommendations are provided to address this issue.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert M. Beyer, Fangyuan Hua, Philip A. Martin, Andrea Manica, Tim Rademacher
Summary: Optimizing the spatial distribution of global croplands can reduce environmental impacts and maintain current crop production levels. This adjustment can significantly reduce carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and water consumption, and can achieve similar results even under future climate change conditions.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Christopher Wolf, William J. Ripple, Eileen Crist
Summary: This study highlights that human population is often overlooked in climate policy, but implementing socially just population policies can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as promote social justice and gender equity. Measures like increasing access to voluntary family planning services and improving education for girls and young women can play a crucial role in achieving these goals.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Stephen Jewson
Summary: Catastrophe models are widely used to assess extreme weather risks. One approach involves running an analysis with adjusted hazard to estimate the impact of forecasts or climate change projections. However, simulating a new year loss table independently can lead to differences due to simulation noise. A new algorithm is proposed to incrementally create the new loss table, reducing the problem and increasing precision.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Thomas R. Mortlock, Jonathan Nott, Ryan Crompton, Valentina Koschatzky
Summary: Natural hazard risk can be assessed using historical records, but short records may fail to capture the true range of variability. This study combines a 6000-year chronology of intense paleo-cyclones with a catastrophe loss model to reassess tropical cyclone wind risk in Northeast Australia. The findings indicate that the past few decades have been less active than the long-term average, and if conditions return to the long-term mean, insured losses would increase by over 200%.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pui Man Kam, Gabriela Aznar-Siguan, Jacob Schewe, Leonardo Milano, Justin Ginnetti, Sven Willner, Jamie W. McCaughey, David N. Bresch
Summary: Research indicates that global warming and population change will significantly increase flood-induced displacement risk in the coming decades. For each degree of global warming, global displacement risk is projected to increase by roughly 50%, with further exacerbation due to population changes, highlighting the need for rapid action on climate mitigation and adaptation agendas.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Development Studies
Susmita Dasgupta, David Wheeler, Sunando Bandyopadhyay, Santadas Ghosh, Utpal Roy
Summary: This study assesses the linkages among climate change-related environmental stress, public assistance, and the spatial pattern of population change, finding that endogenous public assistance can effectively dampen the migration response to rising environmental stress.
Letter
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Walter M. Chesnut, Scott MacDonald, Carlos Gustavo Wambier
Summary: Research suggests that increased sugar consumption, high caloric intake, and lack of physical exercise are independently associated with COVID-19 mortality, with genetic factors potentially exacerbating the effects of an unhealthy lifestyle. A diet high in sugar combined with low physical activity may lead to elevated blood glucose levels, worsening glucose metabolism, and increasing the risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2021)
Article
Business
Anh Hoang, Qiongbing Wu
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of board gender diversity on bank risk-taking using data from 480 commercial banks across 18 developed and 21 developing countries. The study finds that greater board gender diversity is associated with lower bank risk-taking, supporting the Lehman Sisters hypothesis. However, this effect is weakened in countries with more hostility towards working women. The study also confirms the critical threshold of three female directors in reducing bank risk-taking, providing international evidence for the critical mass theory.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lawrence C. Murdoch, Leonid N. Germanovich, William W. Slack, Michael Carbajales-Dale, Douglas Knight, Robert Moak, Clemence Laffaille, Scott DeWolf, Soheil Roudini
Summary: Through an experiment, we have demonstrated the feasibility of injecting solid carbon particles into shallow geologic formations, which also raises the ground surface. The storage rates of carbon in these shallow geologic formations can reduce atmospheric CO2 and help adapt to flooding caused by climate change. A life-cycle assessment has shown that the CO2 emissions from shallow geologic storage of carbon are only a small fraction of the injected carbon. This project has proven that injecting solid biomass particles can store carbon and raise the ground surface to mitigate climate change and flooding risks.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Feng Kong, Shao Sun
Summary: With the acceleration of globalization, the connections between different regions deepen, leading to increasingly severe catastrophe risks. This paper analyzes the changes in the global catastrophe risk system and China's disaster defense capabilities, proposing that decision-makers should enhance their ability to analyze and judge catastrophes and improve national resource reserves to address catastrophe risks.