Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cody D. Smith, Chien-Te Lin, Shawna L. McMillin, Luke A. Weyrauch, Cameron A. Schmidt, Cheryl A. Smith, Irwin J. Kurland, Carol A. Witczak, P. Darrell Neufer
Summary: Increasing flux through beta-oxidation in muscle without a corresponding increase in energy demand induces mitochondrial reductive stress and leads to metabolic dysregulation. Therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress may not only be ineffective but also detrimental to metabolic health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Sibgha Noreen, Maham Sultan, Muhammad Salim Akhter, Kausar Hussain Shah, Ume Ummara, Hamid Manzoor, Mobina Ulfat, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: External fertigation with vitamins and minerals can offset the deleterious effects of salt stress on crop productivity. This study found that foliar fertigation of ascorbic acid and zinc enhanced the physiological and biochemical attributes of barley under saline conditions, improving salt stress tolerance and yield attributes.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
In Kyung Lee, Gyuyoup Kim, Do-Hwi Kim, Brian B. Kim
Summary: The study demonstrates that PEG-BHD1028 is a potential therapeutic agent for AdipoRs, which can increase fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis by activating pathways such as AMPK, as well as reducing insulin resistance and blood glucose levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jiao Luo, Fleur L. Meulmeester, Leon G. Martens, Nadia Ashrafi, Renee de Mutsert, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Frits R. Rosendaal, Ko Willems van Dijk, Saskia le Cessie, Kevin Mills, Raymond Noordam, Diana van Heemst
Summary: A study on middle-aged individuals found that urinary oxidized metabolites were associated with glucose homeostasis, while blood alpha-TOH was not. This suggests that estimates of the conversion of alpha-TOH in urine may be more informative in relation to insulin resistance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Auxiliare Kuretu, Charles Arineitwe, Mamosheledi Mothibe, Phikelelani Ngubane, Andile Khathi, Ntethelelo Sibiya
Summary: Mitochondrial impairment is associated with the development of insulin resistance. Improving mitochondrial function may provide a therapeutic tool for improving insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to understand the correlation between drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity and insulin resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cho-Cho Aye, Dean E. Hammond, Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca, Mary K. Doherty, Phillip D. Whitfield, Marie M. Phelan, Chenjing Yang, Rafael Perez-Perez, Xiaoxin Li, Angels Diaz-Ramos, Gopal Peddinti, Matej Oresic, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Antonio Zorzano, Cristina Ugalde, Silvia Mora
Summary: CBL is rapidly phosphorylated upon insulin receptor activation. Mice with whole body CBL depletion show improved insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Depletion of CBL or its associated protein SORBS1/CAP in myocytes leads to increased mitochondrial mass, greater proton leak, reduced activity and assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, and alterations in proteins involved in glycolysis and fatty acid degradation. These findings demonstrate that the CBL/CAP pathway links insulin signaling to efficient mitochondrial function and metabolism in muscle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcelina Sperling, Teresa Grzelak, Marta Pelczynska, Pawel Bogdanski, Dorota Formanowicz, Krystyna Czyzewska
Summary: Omentin-1 levels are associated with central obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance, with lower levels found in obese patients and men with abnormal glucose tolerance. Gender, tissue insulin sensitivity, WHR, and body fat amount all have significant effects on serum omentin-1 concentration. High omentin-1 levels in men with obesity and normal glucose tolerance suggest a protective effect against metabolic disorders associated with obesity in males.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Sikandar Shah, Sami Ullah, Sulaiman, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Tarek A. Shalaby
Summary: This study investigated the effects of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol on chickpea grown in water deficit regions. The results showed that exogenous application of these substances improved germination rate and seed vigor index, increased photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant contents. However, drought stress led to a decline in these parameters, which could be mitigated by the application of these substances.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eugenia Mazzara, Giovanni Caprioli, Gianmarco Simonelli, Ahmed M. Mustafa, Filippo Maggi, Marco Cespi
Summary: In this study, microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) extraction of rosehips were applied and optimized for the first time. The water moistening pretreatment was found to play a crucial role in the quality of the rosehip extracts. The optimized MHG extract showed higher amounts of vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins compared to conventional solvent extraction, while the traditional extracts had higher yield.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Teresa Mezza, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Simona Moffa, Chiara M. A. Cefalo, Francesca Cinti, Flavia Impronta, Umberto Capece, Giuseppe Quero, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Andrea Mari, Sergio Alfieri, Andrea Giaccari
Summary: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of reduced beta cell mass on the development of hyperglycemia. The research found that reduced first-phase insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity were predictors of eventual development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Thus, these functional alterations may play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark A. Watson, Harmanmeet Brar, Edwin T. Gibbs II, Hoi-Shan Wong, Pratiksha A. Dighe, Bryan McKibben, Stephan Riedmaier, Amy Siu, James S. Polakowski, Jason A. Segreti, Xiaoqin Liu, SeungWon Chung, Y. Marina Pliushchev, Nathan Gesmundo, Zhi Wang, Timothy A. Vortherms, Martin D. Brand
Summary: We developed a novel bioavailable S1QEL, S1QEL1.719, that suppressed superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production at a specific site of mitochondrial complex I. In vivo testing showed that mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited symptoms of metabolic syndrome, but daily treatment with S1QEL1.719 improved glucose tolerance and reduced fat accumulation. The results suggest that inhibiting superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production at this site may be beneficial in metabolic syndrome.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benedikt Dietz, Juergen Machann, Vaibhav Agrawal, Martin Heni, Patrick Schwab, Julia Dienes, Steffen Reichert, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Hans-Ulrich Haering, Fritz Schick, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Fritsche, Hubert Preissl, Bernhard Schoelkopf, Stefan Bauer, Robert Wagner
Summary: The study indicated that diabetes can be detected through whole-body MRI without additional data, with visceral fat playing a crucial role in diabetes classification. The model identified a high-risk group with increased risk for future diabetes and microalbuminuria.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Procolo Di Bonito, Giuliana Valerio, Maria R. Licenziati, Giuseppina Campana, Emanuele M. del Giudice, Anna Di Sessa, Anita Morandi, Claudio Maffeis, Claudio Chiesa, Lucia Pacifico, Marco G. Baroni, Melania Manco
Summary: The study revealed a significant association between uric acid levels and markers of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese youth. Higher uric acid levels were correlated with elevated markers of impaired glucose metabolism, particularly post-challenge conditions.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jianbo Yu, Xufeng Liao, Yanzi Zhong, Yongqiang Wu, Xinsheng Lai, Huifeng Jiao, Min Yan, Yu Zhang, Chaolin Ma, Shunqi Wang
Summary: Hyperglycemia is more common in SCZ patients than in controls, suggesting common biological mechanisms between the two diseases, and the Tmem108 mutant may represent a comorbid mechanism. The study found that Tmem108 mutant mice showed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and disturbed metabolic homeostasis, with enhanced glucose metabolic pathway and decreased lipid metabolism, along with changes in food and oxygen consumption. Metformin was able to attenuate plasma glucose levels and improve sensorimotor gating in the mutant mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lingzhi Wei, Huabo Liu, Yang Ni, Jing Dong, Chuanfei Zhong, Rui Sun, Shuangtao Li, Rong Xiong, Guixia Wang, Jian Sun, Yuntao Zhang, Linlin Chang, Yongshun Gao
Summary: The study identified FaAKR23 as a regulator of ascorbic acid (AsA) and anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruits. Silencing FaAKR23 significantly decreased the levels of AsA and anthocyanin, as well as repressed the expression of structural genes and regulatory factors involved in their accumulation. Transcriptome analysis also suggested the involvement of FaAKR23 in starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as plant-pathogen interaction.
Article
Physiology
Colin S. McCoin, Edziu Franczak, Fengyan Deng, Dong Pei, Wen-Xing Ding, John P. Thyfault
Summary: This study provides evidence that acute exercise activates hepatic mitophagic flux and mitochondrial polyubiquitination while additionally revealing specific receptor-mediated proteins by which exercise maintains mitochondrial quality control in the liver.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stanislaw Deja, Blanka Kucejova, Adrianna Maurer, Monika N. Mizerska, Xiaorong Fu, John P. Thyfault, Shawn C. Burgess
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kelly Fuller, Colin S. Mccoin, Harrison Stierwalt, John P. Thyfault
Article
Physiology
Stacey E. Aaron, Tsubasa Tomoto, Rong Zhang, John P. Thyfault, Eric D. Vidoni, Robert N. Montgomery, Jeffrey M. Burns, Sandra A. Billinger
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of statins on cerebral blood flow in older adults and explore the interaction between statin use and sex. The results showed that statin users had significantly higher cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular conductance, and lower pulsatility index. Female statin users also had lower cerebrovascular resistance compared to other groups. Targeting the cerebrovasculature with statins may be a promising prevention strategy for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Harrison D. Stierwalt, E. Matthew Morris, Adrianna Maurer, Udayan Apte, Kathryn Phillips, Tiangang Li, Grace M. E. Meers, Lauren G. Koch, Steven L. Britton, Greg Graf, R. Scott Rector, Kelly Mercer, Kartik Shankar, John P. Thyfault
Summary: The study found that high aerobic capacity and exercise are associated with upregulation of bile acid synthesis and greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid, which may contribute to the protection against hepatic steatosis in rodents.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kelly N. Z. Fuller, Colin S. S. McCoin, Harrison Stierwalt, Julie Allen, Shivam Gandhi, Christopher G. R. Perry, Purevsuren Jambal, Kartik Shankar, John P. P. Thyfault
Summary: Compared to age-matched men, pre-menopausal women show greater resilience against cardiovascular disease, hepatic steatosis, diabetes, and obesity. However, current use of oral combined contraceptives (OC) is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, and OC use further compounds with metabolic disease risk factors to increase cardiovascular disease susceptibility. This study found that OCs increase hepatic mitochondrial H2O2 levels, likely due to diminished antioxidant capacity, but have no impact on muscle mitochondrial H2O2. Additionally, OC-treated mice had lower adiposity and hepatic triglyceride content compared to control mice.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Melissa L. Erickson, Jacob M. Allen, Daniel P. Beavers, Linda M. Collins, Karina W. Davidson, Kirk Erickson, Karyn A. Esser, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Kerrie L. Moreau, Eric B. Laber, Charlotte A. Peterson, Courtney M. Peterson, Jane E. Reusch, John P. Thyfault, Shawn D. Youngstedt, Juleen R. Zierath, Bret H. Goodpaster, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Thomas W. Buford, Lauren M. Sparks
Summary: Exercise is vital in preventive medicine and can influence the aging process. Understanding the variations in exercise response, especially in older adults, can help optimize exercise prescription and enhance the effectiveness of exercise training.
Article
Physiology
Jenna M. Frick, Olivia C. Eller, Rebecca M. Foright, Brittni M. Levasseur, Xiaofang Yang, Ruipeng Wang, Michelle K. Winter, Maura F. O'Neil, E. Matthew Morris, John P. Thyfault, Julie A. Christianson
Summary: Early exposure to stress is linked with adult-onset comorbidities like chronic pain, metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and inactivity. A study using neonatal maternal separation (NMS) in male mice has shown increased body weight and adiposity, mechanical allodynia, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. However, there is limited research on female rodents who are known to be protected against obesity and metabolic dysfunction. This study found that female mice exposed to early-life stress and fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet showed increased susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and pain-like behaviors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Benjamin A. Kugler, John P. Thyfault, Colin S. McCoin
Summary: Exercise is a physiological stress that disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis and increases energy demand. The liver senses these disruptions and responds by providing the required substrates. This review focuses on the hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise, particularly their relationship with sexual dimorphism.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education, Special
B. C. Helsel, R. P. Shook, B. Forseth, M. L. Dreyer Gillette, M. Polfuss, B. Miller, P. Posson, R. Steele, J. P. Thyfault, L. T. Ptomey
Summary: This study compared the accuracy of seven commonly used predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). The results suggest that the Institute of Medicine equation may be useful in predicting REE in adolescents with DS. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the utility of the Institute of Medicine equation in energy intake recommendations during weight management interventions.
JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Liam G. Hall, John P. Thyfault, James D. Johnson
Summary: Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for preventing and managing metabolic diseases, while exercise cessation can lead to metabolic derangements. This article reviews the impact of exercise and exercise cessation on β-cell function, with a focus on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). It also explores potential mechanisms by which β-cells adapt to exercise and highlights areas for future research.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Diego Paine-Cabrera, Lisa K. Harvey, Dakota R. Robarts, Michele T. Pritchard, John Thyfault, Steven A. Weinman, Udayan Apte, Voytek Slowik
Summary: This study found that serum LECT2 concentrations were increased in pediatric NAFLD patients, correlated with BMI, and had potential diagnostic value.
CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Colin S. McCoin, Edziu Franczak, Michael P. Washburn, Mihaela E. Sardiu, John P. Thyfault
Summary: The study utilized proteomics to analyze the effects of exercise on the mitochondrial proteome in female mice, revealing rapid changes in mitochondrial protein/pathways with acute exercise, including fatty acid metabolism/storage, post-translational protein modification, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shaima Alothman, Aqeel M. Alenazi, Mohammed M. Alshehri, Joseph LeMaster, John Thyfault, Jason Rucker, Patricia M. Kluding
Summary: This study found that sedentary behavior counseling for people with type 2 diabetes can effectively reduce total sitting time and improve glycemic control. The intervention was feasible for sedentary adults, showing potential to improve their lifestyle and health outcomes.
CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Li Gan, Xiaonan Wan, Delin Ma, Fu-Chen Yang, Jingpeng Zhu, Robert S. Rogers, Joshua L. Wheatley, Lauren G. Koch, Steven L. Britton, John P. Thyfault, Paige C. Geiger, John A. Stanford
Summary: Research indicates that low-capacity runner rats show higher levels of phosphorylated Akt in the hippocampus after high fat diet, which is then reduced after heat treatment. Both HCR and LCR rats show increased levels of HSP72 in the hippocampus following heat treatment, but the effect is blunted in LCR rats fed with HFD.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE REPORTS
(2021)