期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 26, 页码 7925-7930出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421801112
关键词
rare gases; extreme conditions; warm dense matter; giant planet; white dwarf
资金
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Major Research Instrumentation program [NSF EAR-1015239, NSF EAR/IF-1128867]
- Army Research Office [56122-CH-H]
- Carnegie Institution of Washington
- Deep Carbon Observatory Instrumentation grant
- British Council Researcher Links programme
- US Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center [DE-FC52-08NA28554]
- DOE Energy Frontier Research Center for Energy Frontier Research in Extreme Environments
- National Science Foundation of China [21473211]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1128867] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The noble gases are elements of broad importance across science and technology and are primary constituents of planetary and stellar atmospheres, where they segregate into droplets or layers that affect the thermal, chemical, and structural evolution of their host body. We have measured the optical properties of noble gases at relevant high pressures and temperatures in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell, observing insulator-to-conductor transformations in dense helium, neon, argon, and xenon at 4,000-15,000 K and pressures of 15-52 GPa. The thermal activation and frequency dependence of conduction reveal an optical character dominated by electrons of low mobility, as in an amorphous semiconductor or poor metal, rather than free electrons as is often assumed for such wide band gap insulators at high temperatures. White dwarf stars having helium outer atmospheres cool slower and may have different color than if atmospheric opacity were controlled by free electrons. Helium rain in Jupiter and Saturn becomes conducting at conditions well correlated with its increased solubility in metallic hydrogen, whereas a deep layer of insulating neon may inhibit core erosion in Saturn.
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