Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Marwan Bouras, Karim Asehnoune, Antoine Roquilly
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers an immediate immune response in brain tissue, followed by a systemic inflammatory response. This response aims to limit excessive systemic inflammation and promote healing, involving the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, hormonal systems, and immune cells. However, it also leads to immunosuppression and tolerance, which increases the risk of secondary infections.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Emer Ryan, Lynne Kelly, Catherine Stacey, Dean Huggard, Eimear Duff, Danielle McCollum, Ann Leonard, Gerard Boran, Dermot R. Doherty, Turlough Bolger, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: This study demonstrates altered cytokine profiles and endotoxin responses in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI. Children with mild TBI showed decreased levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha compared to controls, along with increased levels of IFN-gamma. In severe TBI, there was no significant IL-6 response to endotoxin, but an increase in IL-17A. These findings suggest immune dysfunction following TBI, especially in mild cases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lori M. Buhlman, Gokul Krishna, T. Bucky Jones, Theresa Currier Thomas
Summary: Drosophilae are increasingly being recognized as a valuable model for studying the persistent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathology induced by TBI, offering insights into neuroprotection, regeneration, and delayed cell death. Their unique genetic tools and ability for longitudinal evaluation make them an attractive model for translational neurotrauma research.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jon Perez-Barcena, Catalina Crespi, Guillem Frontera, Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou, Osman Salazar, Victor Goliney, Javier Ibanez, M. Ross Bullock, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
Summary: This study found that in patients with TBI, the protein levels of caspase-1 in CSF are positively correlated with high ICP and poor prognosis. Especially on the 2nd and 3rd day after injury, the levels of caspase-1 in CSF are higher. Early levels of caspase-1 in CSF are not only higher in absolute value, but also associated with poor outcomes.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Emily Horner, Janet M. Lord, Jon Hazeldine
Summary: Major traumatic injury leads to systemic immunosuppression, and DAMPs are detected in the circulation following injury and are known to initiate the inflammatory response. Recent research suggests that DAMPs may also play a role in immune suppression after trauma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aotian Ouyang, Mengwei Zhang, Gailing Yuan, Xiaoling Liu, Jianguo Su
Summary: This study reveals that chitooligosaccharide (COS) has the ability to reverse cortisol-induced immunosuppression in fish and enhance the immune activity of macrophages. Oral administration of COS directly absorbed through the intestine significantly improves the innate immunity of blunt snout bream, leading to increased survival and reduced tissue damage. Thus, COS offers potential strategies for immunosuppression prevention and control in fish.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melody Ying-Yu Huang, Christoph Lippuner, Marcel Schiff, Malte Book, Frank Stueber
Summary: In this study, the impact of surgical trauma on NETosis and monocytic HLA-DR expression was investigated. The results showed that NETosis decreased after surgery, with a more pronounced decrease in ACB patients. ACB surgery also led to a down regulation of monocytic HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest that the ability of neutrophils to form NETs may be compromised following severe surgical trauma, and there may be a post-operative immunosuppressed state.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Jifu Ge, Weikang Pan, Noel J. Feeney, Leah Ott, Emily Anderson, Alessandro Alessandrini, Ivan Zanoni, James F. Markmann, Alex G. Cuenca
Summary: Advances in immunosuppression have been limited, and long-term morbidity associated with immunosuppression regimens remains a problem for transplant recipients. A novel administration strategy using the adjuvant alum was discovered, which expanded MDSCs and suppressed T cell proliferation. These MDSCs also facilitated the differentiation of thorn T cells into regulatory T cells. Adjuvant treatment significantly delayed alloislet rejection, and the increased IL-10 production by AC MDSCs played a critical role in their suppressor function and protective effect. Therapeutics aimed at expanding MDSCs could be a useful strategy to prevent transplant rejection and reduce the use of toxic immunosuppressive regimens.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jon Perez-Barcena, Javier Rodriguez Pilar, Osman Salazar, Catalina Crespi, Guillem Frontera, Mariana Andrea Novo, Maria Begona Guardiola, Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou, Javier Ibanez, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
Summary: This study found that serum caspase 1 protein levels upon admission are an independent prognostic factor after TBI. Patients with higher serum caspase 1 levels on admission are more likely to have unfavorable outcomes 6 months after TBI. Caspase 1 levels upon admission are associated with the severity of injury determined by the Glasgow Coma Scale.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiao-Jian Xu, Qian-Qian Ge, Meng-Shi Yang, Yuan Zhuang, Bin Zhang, Jin-Qian Dong, Fei Niu, Hao Li, Bai-Yun Liu
Summary: The study found that neutrophil-derived interleukin 17A participates in neutrophil-mediated neuroinflammation during the subacute phase of traumatic brain injury. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for interleukin 17A to be a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ren-Qi Yao, Chao Ren, Li-Yu Zheng, Zhao-Fan Xia, Yong-Ming Yao
Summary: Sepsis-induced immune depression is a significant factor leading to severe infection and death. However, detecting the immune dysfunction caused by sepsis is challenging, highlighting the importance of specific biomarkers in clinical practice. Stratifying septic patients with an immunosuppressive state can contribute to personalized treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sushupta M. Vijapur, Leah E. Vaughan, Nabil Awan, Dominic DiSanto, Gina P. McKernan, Amy K. Wagner
Summary: This study investigated the immune function of individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury, identifying clusters of inflammatory markers related to recovery through treelet transform analysis. The results suggest that chronic chemokine levels and soluble receptors impact neuro-recovery in TBI patients.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Nivedita Hegdekar, Chinmoy Sarkar, Sabrina Bustos, Rodney M. M. Ritzel, Marie Hanscom, Prarthana Ravishankar, Deepika Philkana, Junfang Wu, David J. J. Loane, Marta M. M. Lipinski
Summary: Excessive and prolonged neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with inhibited autophagy in neurons, microglia, and infiltrating macrophages. Macrophage/microglia-specific knockout of the essential autophagy gene Becn1 increases neuroinflammation after TBI, which is characterized by excessive activation of innate immune responses. Defects in microglial and macrophage autophagy following injury result in decreased clearance of danger/damage-associated molecular patterns, and inhibition of microglial/macrophage autophagy leads to increased neurodegeneration and worse cognitive outcomes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natosha M. Mercado, Guanglin Zhang, Zhe Ying, Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
Summary: Most research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has focused on the brain itself, overlooking the role of systemic physiology. This study highlights the significance of gut-derived serotonin and its downstream metabolic targets in the systemic pathogenesis of TBI. Researchers found that TBI temporarily downregulated enteric neuronal markers and altered colonic genes related to serotonin synthesis and degradation, leading to an overall decrease in serotonin levels. The study also revealed changes in gut microbiota and serotonin-associated gene expression in downstream tissues after TBI. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the role of systemic physiology in TBI pathogenesis to develop effective treatments.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Wenli Wang, Zhimei Cheng, Xiong Wang, Qin An, Kunlun Huang, Yunping Dai, Qingyong Meng, Yali Zhang
Summary: The lack of lactoferrin feeding during lactation can increase the risk of depressive-like behavior in adults. This is related to the regulatory effect of lactoferrin on the development of the microbial-intestinal-brain axis.
