4.1 Article

Toxicity evaluation of glyphosate agrochemical components using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and DNA microarray gene expression analysis

期刊

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 37, 期 2, 页码 245-254

出版社

JAPANESE SOC TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.245

关键词

Glyphosate; Fatty acid alkanolamide (DA); Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes); Acute toxicity; DNA microarray; Gene expression

资金

  1. Arizono Laboratory (Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto)
  2. Ecogenomics, Inc.

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Using glyphosate agrochemical components, we investigated their acute toxicity to juvenile Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as well as their toxic impact at gene expression level on the liver tissues of adult medaka using DNA microarray. In our acute toxicity test, juvenile medaka were exposed for 96 hr to each of the following glyphosate agrochemical components: 10 similar to 160 mg/l of glyphosate, 1.25 similar to 20 mg/l of fatty acid alkanolamide surfactant (DA), and 12 similar to 416 mg/l of a fully formulated glyphosate herbicide. As a result, LC50 values of glyphosate, DA, and the glyphosate herbicide were > 160 mg/l, 8.5 mg/l, and 76.8 mg/l, respectively. On the other hand, adult male medaka fish were exposed to each of the glyphosate agrochemical components for 48 hr at the following concentrations: 16 mg/l of glyphosate, 0.5 mg/l of DA, and 16 mg/l-glyphosate/0.5 mg/l-DA mixture. Interestingly, DNA microarray analysis revealed that there were no significant gene expression changes in the medaka liver after exposure to glyphosate. Nevertheless, 78 and 138 genes were significantly induced by DA and the glyphosate/DA mixture, respectively. Furthermore, we identified five common genes that were affected by DA and glyphosate/DA mixture. These results suggested that glyphosate itself possessed very low toxicity as previously reported by some researchers at least to the small laboratory fish, and the major toxicity of the glyphosate agrochemical resided mainly in DA and perhaps in unintentionally generated byproduct(s) of glyphosate-DA mixture.

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