Article
Thermodynamics
MingJun Xu, JiaQing Zhang, RuiYu Chen
Summary: This study investigated the cooling effect and mechanisms of single droplet impacting on a heated solid surface by using two noncontact measurement techniques. Four typical impact regimes were observed and a comprehensive map based on non-dimensional analysis was built to describe the relationships among them. Empirical correlations were acquired to predict the non-dimensional maximum spreading diameter.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Artur Carvalho Santos, Fernando Luiz Sacomano Filho, Aymeric Vie
Summary: A general gas-phase energy formulation can be obtained independently from the species diffusion transport modeling while incorporating multi-species enthalpy diffusion terms. The choice of specific heats characterizes the inclusion or not of multi-species enthalpy diffusion effects. The proposed energy formulation is evaluated by conducting simulations for droplets of multiple fuel compositions in varied atmospheric conditions to represent spray combustion scenarios and concludes on its need and ease of use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Busheng Wang, Yimin Xuan, Xingsi Han
Summary: This paper conducts computational analysis on the thermal radiation to evaporation and combustion of fuel droplets in two-phase spray combustion. The study finds that considering the radiation heat source term significantly improves the evaporation and combustion of droplets, as well as increases the concentration of combustion products.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Makatar Wae-hayee, Kirttayoth Yeranee, Wasu Suksuwan, Chayut Nuntadusit
Summary: Through experimental testing of the effect of varying the burner-to-plate distance on heat transfer, it was found that higher heat transfer rates were achieved at larger distances when the LPG flow rate increased. Additionally, optimal results occurred when the flame impinged on the heated surface.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yujiang Xia, Jianyu Lu, Sumin Jin, Qing Cheng
Summary: The heat and mass transfer performances of the spray drying tower under different pressures are investigated and it is found that the evaporation rate increases with the decrease of pressure. There exists an optimal pressure corresponding to the lowest required tower height. The decrease of pressure results in the increase of mass transfer driving force and air velocity, leading to the existence of optimal pressure.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zheng Zhang, Wubingyi Shen, Wei Yao, Qiu Wang, Wei Zhao
Summary: This study proposed a novel helical-fin-assisted micro-step Helix combustor to improve the performance of micro-combustors under high flow rates. The effects of the helical fins on the flow and combustion characteristics were analyzed and it was found that the helical fins enhance the heat transfer between the flame and fins, resulting in improved combustion efficiency. Choosing different flame stabilization modes for different applications can achieve higher thermal efficiency or combustion efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaojing Ma, Jinliang Xu, Liang Gong, Haoran Hong, Chunlei Cao, Chaoqiang Wang
Summary: We investigated droplet evaporation on heater surfaces with different thermal conductivities using the phase change lattice Boltzmann model. The evaporation curves revealed four regimes: film evaporation, nucleate boiling, transition, and Leidenfrost. We found that higher thermal conductivity does not always accelerate droplet evaporation. In transition regime, lower thermal conductivity enhances droplet evaporation by triggering the second contact between droplet and heater.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yukai Lin, Fuqiang Chu, Qiang Ma, Xiaomin Wu
Summary: This study focuses on boiling regimes below the Leidenfrost point and discovers a gyroscopic rotation phenomenon of boiling droplets on various surfaces, attributed to the viscous stress from vapor/bubble flows in surface microstructures. The rougher surface structures and larger solid-liquid contact area are more likely to generate gyroscopic rotations. The theoretical model confirms the effect of substrate temperature (boiling regime) on the spinning rate of boiling droplets and further validates the proposed mechanism of gyroscopic rotation.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Junseok Park, Hyungdae Kim
Summary: Experimental investigation was conducted on direct-contact heat transfer of a single saturated droplet colliding with a heated wall in the regime of film boiling, revealing the inadequacy of existing theoretical models in accurately predicting the heat transfer. Therefore, the necessity of developing an improved model to account for the effects of local wetting during the direct-contact heat transfer process is emphasized.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdulfatah Abdu Yusuf, Freddie L. Inambao
Summary: The study investigated the effects of low content rates of Mbwazirume bioethanol blends with gasoline in a modernized electronic fuel injection engine. Results showed that a 15% bioethanol blend induced increased combustion duration, leading to low emissions, high power, and efficiency. Different fuel ratios had varying impacts on engine performance and emissions, with E15 showing the most favorable results in terms of emissions and fuel consumption.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinwen Chen, Aimin Du, Xiang Wang, Chunhui Yang, Kun Liang, Zhaohua Li, Hang Zhou, Meng Zhang
Summary: This paper quantitatively analyzes the droplet impingement dynamics and heat transfer mechanism of spray cooling under vibration using high-speed cameras. The research reveals that droplet spreading is enhanced at high-frequency conditions, but the enhancement decreases with the reduction in amplitude. Under high amplitude conditions, droplets experience oscillation and consume kinetic energy, suppressing droplet spreading. Vibration overall suppresses droplet spreading but can facilitate droplet heat transfer under low amplitude and high-frequency conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. E. Saufi, A. Frassoldati, T. Faravelli, A. Cuoci
Summary: This work presents an interface-resolved simulation of combustion of a fuel droplet suspended in normal gravity, analyzing various physical aspects such as interface advection, phase-change, and combustion chemistry. By comparing with experimental data, the numerical analysis offers detailed insight into the combustion physics.
Article
Thermodynamics
Y. T. Aksoy, G. Castanet, P. Eneren, A. C. Garcia-Wong, T. Czerwiec, O. Caballina, M. R. Vetrano
Summary: This study investigates the effect of nanoparticle presence and concentration on droplet spreading dynamics and heat transfer. It is found that nanofluid droplets spread marginally less than water droplets on a heated surface. The presence of nanoparticles primarily influences heat transfer through the modification of the droplet spreading diameter rather than changes in thermal properties.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianqiang Hou, Jianying Gong, Xin Wu
Summary: A numerical model was established to investigate the freezing behavior of ellipsoidal water droplets on cold surfaces. The study focused on the spreading behavior, impact force evolution, and heat transfer behavior. The results showed that reducing the aspect ratio of the droplets reduced the contact time on superhydrophobic surfaces, facilitating rebound. Increasing the aspect ratio increased the spreading range, especially on hydrophilic surfaces. The impact force evolution on superhydrophobic surfaces exhibited a double-peak feature, with the first peak decreasing and the second peak increasing as the aspect ratio increased. The heat transfer between droplets and the cold surface was greater for higher aspect ratios, especially on more hydrophobic surfaces. Increasing aspect ratio seemed to be a good choice for rapid freezing applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Mitsuhiro Aoyagi, Takashi Takata, Masayoshi Uno
Summary: Heat radiation is a dominant heat transfer process in sodium fire events in fast reactor plants. The AQUA-SF code uses a 6-flux gas radiation model, which does not originally account for radiation heat transfer from combustion of sprayed sodium droplets. This study aims to improve the model by numerically modeling radiation heat transfer from combusting droplets, leading to more accurate sodium fire analysis.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Luo, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: The study formulates surrogate mixtures for modeling real fuels based on gaseous combustion property targets and liquid physical properties. Experimental results show significant variations in gaseous combustion properties during droplet vaporization due to the wide distribution of compounds' volatility. This suggests the development of vaporization models that can capture preferential vaporization of a target real fuel for further spray modeling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan Li, Yu Cheng Liu, Shuangfeng Wang
Summary: The study on nozzle-attached flames in laminar non-premixed jets found that the thickness of the fuel/air mixing layer at the flame base is narrow, and the burning speed is much greater than the local gas flow velocity, leading to the halt of partially premixed flame propagation within the mixing layer.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Lei Luo, Hengyi Zhou, Yuhang Sun, Wenyi Zhang, Tao Chen, Shuqing Chen, Yuzhe Wen, Shilong Xu, Suyuan Yu, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: The 2.2 second freefall facility designed and built at Tsinghua University in Beijing serves the broader microgravity science and preliminary tests for projects onboard the upcoming Chinese Space Station assembly. This facility consists of five systems including freefall tunnel and safety cables, release and retrieve system, capsule, brake system, electrical control and safety interlock system. The tests conducted show that a microgravity level of 10(-3) g can be achieved for 2.2 seconds during freefall, with controlled deceleration within 15 g and a terminal velocity of capsule ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 m/s. The noise level in the brake system entrance section is about 75.6 dB, suggesting environmentally friendly operation.
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Luo, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: A new methodology using Functional Group Matching (FGM) method and artificial activity coefficient model (AACM) was proposed to effectively represent a complex fuel by converting it to a target 4-component surrogate mixture, which accurately replicates the distillation process of real complex fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hengyi Zhou, Wenyi Zhang, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: Numerical studies on the vaporization and autoignition of single droplets within droplet clouds reveal the critical droplet diameter for autoignition. The size of the droplets affects the temperature range of autoignition in a droplet cloud, which is mainly influenced by heat accumulation and limited supply of oxidizer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hengyi Zhou, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: This study extends the understanding of external group combustion for droplet clouds under two-stage autoignition conditions. It was found that fuel vapor transport is mainly supported by a thin vaporization layer near the cloud edge, and the ignition process is controlled by this layer. Three possible ignition modes were identified through parametric studies, and a new dimensionless group ignition number was proposed for better predictability.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tao Chen, Suyuan Yu, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: The study investigates the effects of pressure on the propagation of laminar edge flames, revealing the linear relationship between flame curvature and equivalence ratio gradients (V phi). Flame stretch is shown to be dominated by flow strain and flame curvature, with increasing pressure leading to larger curvature and stronger flow strain. The study also highlights the negative correlation between local flame speed and flame curvature under different pressures. Global flame speed shows non-monotonic behavior with increasing V phi, mainly due to variations in upstream velocity reduction.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tao Chen, Suyuan Yu, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: The study investigates the effects of Soret diffusion on hydrogen-air edge flame propagation and diffusion-chemistry interaction through simulation. It demonstrates that Soret diffusion significantly influences the relationships between flame displacement speed and flame curvature, stretch rate, and scalar dissipation rate. Additionally, Soret diffusion weakens the chemical reaction component in edge flame propagation and affects the diffusion of hydrogen and hydrogen-2 in opposite ways.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lei Luo, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: This study used numerical simulations to investigate the preferential vaporization of jet fuel droplets. The results show that the preferential vaporization is determined by the combined action of droplet vaporization rate and liquid transport, and is influenced by environmental factors.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hengyi Zhou, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: This study extends our previous research on the external group combustion (EGC) of droplet clouds under two-stage autoignition conditions. The effects of droplet heating and different n-alkane fuel candidates are further considered. It is found that fuel volatility has little impact on the combustion modes of droplet clouds. Internal group combustion (IGC) occurs for relatively low values of the group ignition number G ig , and as G ig increases, the combustion mode can switch to EGC. IGC modes can be sustained by cool or hot flame, and their structures are analyzed in detail. A regime diagram based on G ig and ambient temperature T a is developed for all IGC modes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tao Chen, Suyuan Yu, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: The Markstein numbers of one-dimensional premixed flame and two-dimensional edge flame of hydrogen-air system are numerically studied and compared based on counterflow configuration. The proportional relationship between flame stretch caused by flow strain and by flame curvature disappears with the variation of inlet velocity and mixing layer thickness. The profiles of Mas and Mac show different trends with the shift of flame marker, and there are differences between simulation and theory, which may be attributed to the Zel'dovich number and the assumed activation energy in the asymptotic theory.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan Li, Yu Cheng Liu, Yang Zhang, Shuangfeng Wang
Summary: This study presents experimental results on laminar-to-turbulent lifted jet diffusion flames. The interaction between turbulent jets and flame base is found to be the main cause of the lifted flame transition. The flame base becomes folded and distorted as the transition begins, with the extent of distortion increasing with the Reynolds number. The mean liftoff height decreases with Reynolds number at different co-flow air velocities. The flame base remains turbulent even after the intermittent flow in the transitional stage becomes less turbulent.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Biomedical
Hanyue Zhou, Jiayu Xiao, Debiao Li, Zhaoyang Fan, Dan Ruan
Summary: This study aims to develop an automated method for vessel wall segmentation on T1-weighted intracranial vessel wall magnetic resonance images, with a focus on modeling the inclusion relation between the inner and outer boundaries of the vessel wall. A novel method is proposed, which simultaneously estimates the inner and outer vessel wall boundaries using a network with a single output channel resembling the levelset function height. The method achieved promising results on a test set, outperforming a benchmark UNet model in terms of Dice similarity coefficients, Hausdorff distance, and mean surface distance.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING (IEEE ISBI 2022)
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Wenyi Zhang, Hengyi Zhou, Yu Cheng Liu
Summary: This study investigates the critical boundaries and their characteristics of droplet combustion under different ambient conditions using numerical simulations, revealing the underlying physics and chemistry involved.
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yitian Wang, Xuehao Tang, Qionghua Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Qian Chen, Yuhao Xu