Article
Medicine, Legal
C. Then, K. Nelson, T. J. Vogl, K. E. Roth
Summary: Nearly six decades after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the majority of Americans still doubt the official reports on the direction of the fatal shot. However, a recent investigation using computational simulations suggests that the official reports may be accurate, as the simulation results align with the documented evidence.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Michael Maier, Michael Pusterhofer, Florian Summer, Florian Gruen
Summary: This article compares various contact models and evaluates their applicability by comparing Stribeck curves. The study found that the elastic FEM contact model and the statistical model according to Greenwood and Tripp provide the best agreement with experimental data.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Jonathan Haas, Oktay Nedim Hassan, Bjoern Beck, Luise Kaerger, Frank Henning
Summary: This study introduces a systematic procedure for the detailed, mesoscopic Finite Element simulation of 3D filament wound fiber skeletons with thermoplastic impregnation. Material characteristics are determined through specially adapted test methods and integrated into separate FE models. The developed main model accurately calculates the maximum bearable load and represents the delamination process effectively.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
M. Peiffer, K. Duquesne, A. Van Oevelen, A. Burssens, S. De Mits, S. A. Maas, P. R. Atkins, A. E. Anderson, E. A. Audenaert
Summary: The study aimed to develop and validate a personalized discrete element analysis (DEA) framework that allows for movement of the fibula and incorporates personalized cartilage thickness and ligamentous constraints. Validation using DEA models and finite element analysis (FEA) models showed that DEA was able to predict contact stress in the ankle joint effectively, which has important clinical implications for understanding articular ankle pathologies.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taiken Nakashima, Haruka Tomobe, Takumi Morigaki, Mengfan Yang, Hiroto Yamaguchi, Yoichiro Kato, Wei Guo, Vikas Sharma, Harusato Kimura, Hitoshi Morikawa
Summary: Maize, the most produced cereal crop in the world, can prevent lodging by selecting cultivars with a high stem elastic modulus. In this study, an ultra-compact sensor array inspired by earthquake engineering was developed to evaluate the elastic modulus of maize cultivars efficiently. The estimated Young's modulus based on natural vibration analysis using finite element analysis (FEA) was representative of the individual Young's modulus. Furthermore, the FEA results identified the hotspots where the stalks were most deformed when subjected to wind vibration, allowing for the division of cultivars into phenotypic groups based on the position and number of hotspots.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Nikolas K. Knowles, Nathan Neeteson, Steven K. Boyd
Summary: This study aimed to benchmark the performance of a bone-specific, mesh-free solver using different operating systems and processors. The results indicated that under the tested conditions, using a specific number of CPU threads or GPUs can efficiently solve the models, while the convergence tolerance setting affects the solution time and result error.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Stephen L. Alexander, Tusit Weerasooriya
Summary: Incorporating nonlinear mechanism-based and microstructurally-inspired material models in numerical studies can enhance the evaluation of head injury due to externally applied loading. The power-law relationship between localized bone volume fraction (BVF) and modulus (E) provides insights into the mechanical response and fracture of the human skull bone, improving the biofidelity of simulations. Additionally, element-specific failure thresholds derived from microstructurally compatible finite element models enable accurate prediction of localized failure initiation within the human skull, facilitating more realistic simulations at larger length scales.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
D. S. Cronin, B. Watson, F. Khor, D. Gierczycka, S. Malcolm
Summary: In this study, a continuum damage mechanics model incorporating observed mechanical response and a novel phenomenological fracture criterion was used to successfully predict cortical bone fracture initiation, location, and pattern under different loading modes in finite element human body models. The model was functional, accurate, and numerically stable even for relatively coarse mesh sizes used in contemporary HBMs.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ruth Yadira Vidana Morales, Susana Ortega Cisneros, Jose Rodrigo Camacho Perez, Federico Sandoval Ibarra, Ricardo Casas Carrillo
Summary: This work uses 3D Finite Element simulations with OnScale software to analyze FBAR, predicting and improving resonator performance and quality before manufacturing, reducing design time and identifying manufacturing effects. Results are compared and validated with experimental data to highlight the advantages of the 3D simulations-based design process.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Omer Subasi, Atacan Oral, Sinan Noyan, Orcun Tuncozgur, Ismail Lazoglu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of modular design on fracture plate bending stiffness and failure through finite element analysis, proposing a strategy that matches the performance of monolithic plates. A successful modular plate design was able to significantly decrease stiffness and strength, while still providing sufficient mechanical performance for fracture fixation scenarios. The computational methods demonstrated the viability of modularization as an alternative to traditional monolithic plates, with the added advantage of alleviating stress shielding.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bin Zhang, Sadegh Nadimi, Ali Eissa, Mohamed Rouainia
Summary: A finite element method (FEM) using cohesive interface elements (CIEs) is developed to investigate the fracture behavior of samples with different contact topologies in the Brazilian test. The feasibility of CIEs is verified theoretically and experimentally. Simulation results show that the proposed CIEs perform well and agree with experimental data in terms of stress-strain curves, strain distribution, crack initiation and propagation, and tensile strength. It is concluded that the flat-to-flat contact topology is preferred for the Brazilian test, as crack initiates at the center of the disc and propagates without compression failure at the loading ends. This study provides a new numerical framework for fracture simulation and a promising approach to assess the preferred contact topology for the Brazilian test.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kimberly R. Kroupa, Lianna R. Gangi, Brandon K. Zimmerman, Clark T. Hung, Gerard A. Ateshian
Summary: Recent studies have shown that superficial zone chondrocytes within ar-ticular layers of diarthrodial joints die under normal physiologic loading conditions. In order to understand the mechanical environment that causes their death, a multiscale finite element analysis was conducted to track the changes in interstitial fluid pressure, hydraulic permeability, and volume of SZ chondrocytes under loading. The results indicated that sustained physiological loading can lead to significant loss of intracellular fluid volume, hindering cellular metabolic activity and fluid transport properties.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
A. Diaz, I. I. Cuesta, C. Rodriguez, J. M. Alegre
Summary: Hydrogen assisted fracture near welds is the result of a combination of microstructural changes and the accumulation of hydrogen. The simulation results show that there is a higher hydrostatic peak and lattice hydrogen increase for the HAZ-centred crack. A two-type trapping process is also simulated to reproduce the effect of dislocation trapping and micro-structure delayed diffusion.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Yen-Nien Chen, Chih-Wei Chang
Summary: This study compared the biomechanical responses of lumbar segments with different porous cage porosities, finding that increasing porosity led to higher cage stress and contact pressure with bone fusion. Porous cages made with additive laser melting technology are becoming more popular in clinical use.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jiayu Hao, Xiansheng Tang, Nizhou Jiang, Hong Wang, Jian Jiang
Summary: Using finite element analysis to determine the optimal internal fixation method is of great significance for oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), and OLIF + BPS performs the best in terms of stability.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Eva C. Herbst, Enrico A. Eberhard, Christopher T. Richards, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Joint range of motion (RoM) analysis is crucial for understanding animal locomotion within an ecosystem. This study presents a detailed analysis of both in vivo and ex vivo data on salamander hindlimb joints, providing valuable information for comparative studies.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Andrew R. Cuff, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, Peter J. Bishop, Krijn B. Michel, Raphaelle Gaignet, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: In vertebrates, muscle forces acting on bones drive active movement. This study investigates the relationship between physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and muscular attachment areas (AAs) in hindlimb muscles of Nile crocodiles and bird species. Findings show variations in the ratio between AAs and PCSA within and across species, but muscle fascicle lengths are consistent within individual species. Equations can predict the ratio of muscle AA to PCSA, and this method can be used to estimate muscle sizes in archosaurian muscles.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jack A. Cooper, John R. Hutchinson, David C. Bernvi, Geremy Cliff, Rory P. Wilson, Matt L. Dicken, Jan Menzel, Stephen Wroe, Jeanette Pirlo, Catalina Pimiento
Summary: This study used a well-preserved fossil to create a three-dimensional model of the extinct Megalodon shark's body and inferred its movement and feeding ecology. The research found that Megalodon could swim faster than any modern shark species and consume prey the size of modern apex predators. Its preference for large prey helped reduce competition and provided sustained energy for long migrations. The study suggests that Megalodon played an important ecological role as a transoceanic superpredator and its extinction had significant impacts on global nutrient transfer and trophic food webs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oliver E. Demuth, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Birds and crocodylians, the remaining members of Archosauria, have major differences in posture and gait. The ancestral capabilities of bipedalism in archosaurs are contentious. Euparkeria capensis, a central taxon for studying locomotion in archosaurs, is argued to be facultatively bipedal, but no biomechanical tests have been performed. Through musculoskeletal models and simulations, it is unlikely that Euparkeria was bipedal, suggesting ancestral bipedal abilities in Archosauria are unlikely.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: The water-to-land transition of the first tetrapod vertebrates is a crucial stage in their evolution. Through the study of bone microanatomy in reptiles, we can gain insights into the mechanisms behind their locomotor and postural diversity. We have developed a model to infer locomotion in extinct reptiles based on microanatomical parameters and have applied it to 7 taxa with debated locomotion strategies.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: Mammals have a long evolutionary history and are now one of the most diverse groups of tetrapod vertebrates. This diversity is reflected in their postural variations and microanatomical differences in the bones. The study shows how these anatomical parameters can be related to posture and provides a model that can be used to infer the posture of extinct synapsids.
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Correction
Evolutionary Biology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Jordan Gonet, Jeremie Bardin, Marc Girondot, John R. Hutchinson, Michel Laurin
Summary: Reptiles, including lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and birds, exhibit a diverse range of locomotion and limb bone microstructure. This study quantitatively examines the relationship between angular microanatomical parameters of reptilian femoral cross-sections and locomotion using elliptic Fourier transforms and statistical analyses. Results show that while phylogeny plays a significant role, a functional signal exists, with bipeds showing a craniolateral-caudomedial deficit in bone compactness, and quadrupeds showing a dorsoventral deficit. These findings provide insights into the complex interplay between phylogeny, femoral cross-sectional microanatomy, and locomotion in reptiles.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sophie Macaulay, Tatjana Hoehfurtner, Samuel R. R. Cross, Ryan D. Marek, John R. Hutchinson, Emma R. Schachner, Alice E. Maher, Karl T. Bates
Summary: Research challenges the traditional dichotomy between dinosaurs and birds, showing that their evolution is not strictly defined by phylogenetics, but rather by the different demands of terrestrial and flight lifestyles. The evolution of body shape and mass distribution in birds suggests modularity, with powered flight evolving before fully crouched bipedalism.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Zichuan Qin, Chun-Chi Liao, Michael J. Benton, Emily J. Rayfield
Summary: This study investigates the functions and formation process of the hand claws of early-branching maniraptoran dinosaurs using finite element analysis and functional-space analysis. The results show distinct functional divergence among the hand claws, with early-branching ones being used for digging and late-branching ones for display. The study also confirms that most therizinosaurians were herbivores.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jordan Gonet, Michel Laurin, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Extant amniotes exhibit diverse postures. Limbs with erect or crouched postures are found in different taxa based on their locomotion and body mass. The postural transition from sprawling to erect limbs occurred in both reptiles and synapsids during the Mesozoic Era. This study examines the link between femoral posture and trabecular architecture using phylogenetic analysis, revealing conflicting results regarding the evolution of posture in amniotes.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leanne A. A. Melbourne, Juliet Brodie, Emily J. J. Rayfield, Danna Titelboim, Oliver T. T. Lord, Daniela N. N. Schmidt
Summary: Coralline algae form complex habitats and are biodiversity hotspots. Climate change may decrease their structural integrity, particularly for southern species. Cellular and mineral properties vary greatly within species, between sites, and over time, with smaller temporal differences compared to spatial differences. Future anthropogenic climate change may result in a loss of habitat complexity in the south and expansion of weaker southern species into northern sites.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mauro B. S. Lacerda, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: The study analyzed the macroevolution of the locomotor system in early Theropoda, with a focus on Megalosauroidea. By scoring Spinosaurus and mapping the modifications onto a phylogeny, the researchers studied the disparities in the evolution of Megalosauroidea. The findings provide a stronger foundation for future studies on pelvic/appendicular musculature and locomotor function.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Mauro B. S. Lacerda, Jonathas S. Bittencourt, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: This study reconstructs the hindlimb musculature of Piatnitzkysauridae, providing a more complete understanding of myological evolution in theropod pelvic appendages.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Max J. Kurz, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: Elephants use visual feedback to correct and maintain the proper sequencing of their limbs during locomotion.