Article
Thermodynamics
Xue Li, Brandon Murray, Shankar Narayan
Summary: In this study, the evaporation process of water droplets on a thin quartz substrate is analyzed using a numerical model. The model considers mass and heat transfer, as well as interfacial force balance, and agrees well with experimental results. The study highlights the importance of surface wettability in evaporation dynamics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yalin Lu, Zhang Lin
Summary: This study focuses on investigating the characteristics of coughed droplet dispersion in hospital wards under stratum ventilation (SV) and comparing the effects of different ventilation methods. Stratum ventilation proves to be more effective in reducing droplet concentration and controlling droplet dispersion.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Penghua Guo, Bin Zhang, Tiantian Li, Ben Xu, Jingyin Li
Summary: Spray evaporation is a promising desalination technology for high-salinity wastewater, but previous numerical studies neglected salt precipitation. This study experimentally investigated the evaporation of brine droplets with salt precipitation using the pendent droplet method. A reaction engineering model was developed and integrated into ANSYS Fluent for numerical simulation. The study revealed that brine droplets have different behavior compared to pure water droplets, leading to different design requirements for the spray dryer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huyen Thi Dao, Kyo-Seon Kim
Summary: This study investigates the transmission and evaporation of cough droplets in hospital isolation rooms using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The effects of different ventilation configurations on droplet removal efficiency are analyzed, and the optimal exhaust vent location is proposed. The study finds that the evaporation rate of droplets is strongly influenced by relative humidity, with low humidity conditions facilitating easier transmission of Covid-19 through respiratory organs.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Artur Carvalho Santos, Fernando Luiz Sacomano Filho, Aymeric Vie
Summary: A general gas-phase energy formulation can be obtained independently from the species diffusion transport modeling while incorporating multi-species enthalpy diffusion terms. The choice of specific heats characterizes the inclusion or not of multi-species enthalpy diffusion effects. The proposed energy formulation is evaluated by conducting simulations for droplets of multiple fuel compositions in varied atmospheric conditions to represent spray combustion scenarios and concludes on its need and ease of use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chan Ho Jeong, Hyung Ju Lee, Chang Kyoung Choi, Seong Hyuk Lee
Summary: This study investigates the selective evaporation characteristics of binary mixture droplets and develops a corresponding evaporation rate model. By analyzing the Rayleigh number, a new evaporation rate model is proposed that includes diffusive and convective evaporation effects. This model shows a strong correlation with the observed selective evaporation behavior over the droplet lifetime.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hana Salati, David F. Fletcher, Mehrdad Khamooshi, Jingliang Dong, Kazuhide Ito, Sara Vahaji, Kiao Inthavong
Summary: Understanding the spread of aerosols generated from nasal sneezing is crucial in the context of COVID-19 transmission. This study used computational fluid dynamics to simulate the airflow and aerosol dispersion during nasal sneezing. The results showed that the airflow during nasal sneezing resembles dual jets, resulting in the dispersion of viral-laden aerosols suspended in the air. The study also discovered that the sneeze plume formed a V-shaped pattern with smaller particles in the core region.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guoliang Zhang, Zhongan Jiang, Ya Chen, Bin Yang, Ya Peng, Mingli Si, Jihe Chen, Ming Wang, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: This paper studied the application of spray cooling technology in high-temperature environments, including droplet evaporation, spray conditions, tunnel thermal environments, and nozzle layout. The research results provide guidance for the application of spray cooling technology in tunnels.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Hannah M. Rickman, Tommy Rampling, Karen Shaw, Gema Martinez-Garcia, Leila Hail, Pietro Coen, Maryam Shahmanesh, Gee Yen Shin, Eleni Nastouli, Catherine F. Houlihan
Summary: COVID-19 can lead to deadly healthcare-associated outbreaks, with 15% of inpatients in a major London teaching hospital being confirmed or probable hospital-acquired cases. Despite a 36% case fatality rate, nosocomial infection rates decreased after comprehensive infection prevention and control measures were implemented.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Riddhideep Biswas, Anish Pal, Ritam Pal, Sourav Sarkar, Achintya Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Respiratory droplets exhaled during speaking, coughing, or sneezing are significant in spreading COVID-19. Ventilation plays an important role in reducing the risk of transmission, with exhaust fans being more effective in hot dry environments. Cold humid conditions are generally safer due to faster droplet settling.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abba Abdulhamid Abubakar, Bekir Sami Yilbas, Hussain Al-Qahtani, Anwaruddin Siddiqui Mohammed
Summary: The presence of minute channels on hydrophobic surfaces can enable unidirectional rolling of droplets by minimizing wobbling. Increasing the channel width leads to higher kinetic energy dissipation and lower rolling speed. The complex flow structures in the droplet fluid modify pressure distribution, but the Laplace pressure still dominates in the upper region of the rolling droplet on channeled hydrophobic surfaces.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohsen Hosseini, Alejandro Rodriguez, William A. Ducker
Summary: The addition of a thin, porous, hydrophilic coating to an impermeable solid can accelerate the evaporation of liquid droplets. The droplets are quickly absorbed and spread laterally to form a thin, broad disk, which increases the liquid-vapor interface for evaporation. Experimental results show that the evaporation rate of droplets on the thin coating is enhanced by a factor of 7-8, and it is not proportional to the reciprocal thickness of the coating. Enhancing the evaporation of small droplets on a solid surface can have practical applications, such as expediting the death of microbes.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jorge Ahumada Lazo, Ruey-Hung Chen
Summary: Charged droplets, suspended in an electrodynamic balance, undergo Coulombic fission during evaporation. This study observed up to 15 Coulombic fissions in a single droplet, with each fission releasing approximately 14% of the droplet's charge. It was found that droplets with similar initial relative charge sustain fissions at similar normalized diameters, independent of initial droplet size and evaporation rate. Based on the d2-law of pure-fluid droplet evaporation, the times at which Coulombic fissions occur can be predicted for a given initial droplet size and evaporation rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qimeng Lv, Can Li, Yingchun Wu, Xinhao Wang, Xuecheng Wu
Summary: This study investigates the evaporation characteristics of a monodisperse droplet stream of pure ethanol containing aluminum nanoparticles. The results show that droplet evaporation still follows the classical D-2 law under the experimental conditions, and the addition of aluminum nanoparticles gradually decreases the evaporation rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Brandon Murray, Matthew J. Fox, Shankar Narayan
Summary: The research focuses on measuring the accommodation coefficient at the liquid-vapor interface using experimental data and a computational model, aiming to provide a more accurate analysis of droplet evaporation and improve the design of evaporation-based applications.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)