Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniele Altomare, Sara Stampacchia, Federica Ribaldi, Szymon Tomczyk, Claire Chevalier, Geraldine Poulain, Saina Asadi, Bianca Bancila, Moira Marizzoni, Marta Martins, Aurelien Lathuiliere, Max Scheffler, Nicholas J. Ashton, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Ilse Kern, Miguel Frias, Valentina Garibotto, Giovanni B. Frisoni
Summary: This study aimed to confirm the correlations between plasma and traditional Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, assess the diagnostic accuracy of plasma biomarkers compared to traditional biomarkers, and estimate the potential savings in traditional exams by using plasma biomarkers. The results showed significant correlations between plasma biomarkers and traditional biomarkers, and high accuracy in discriminating biomarker status. The implementation of plasma biomarkers could save a significant proportion of expensive traditional exams, making the diagnostic workup more cost-effective and improving patient care.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Helena Sophia Gleerup, Camilla Steen Jensen, Peter Hogh, Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Anja Hviid Simonsen
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of lactoferrin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and saliva in a cohort of patients with neurodegenerative dementias, finding that lactoferrin could not differentiate between diagnostic groups. Additionally, no significant relationships were found between lactoferrin levels and tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid 1-42 (A beta(42)) in CSF.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marco Egle, Saima Hilal, A. M. Tuladhar, Lukas Pirpamer, Edith Hofer, Marco Duering, James Wason, Robin G. Morris, Martin Dichgans, Reinhold Schmidt, Daniel Tozer, Christopher Chen, Frank-Erik De Leeuw, Hugh S. Markus
Summary: The study suggests that DTI measures, such as mean diffusivity (MD) median, are associated with cognition and can predict dementia risk across a range of SVD severity. DTI measures contribute to cognition, improve prediction models when added, and can predict dementia conversion, especially in severe SVD cases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Min Young Chun, Hyemin Jang, Soo-Jong Kim, Yu Hyun Park, Jihwan Yun, Samuel N. Lockhart, Michael Weiner, Charles De Carli, Seung Hwan Moon, Jae Yong Choi, Kyung Rok Nam, Byung-Hyun Byun, Sang-Moo Lim, Jun Pyo Kim, Yeong Sim Choe, Young Ju Kim, Duk L. Na, Hee Jin Kim, Sang Won Seo
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta accumulation, tau aggregation, and neurodegeneration. Vascular burden has synergistic effects on cognitive decline with AD biomarkers. The distribution and longitudinal outcomes of AT(N) categories differ according to vascular burden, emphasizing the importance of incorporating a vascular biomarker into the AT(N) system.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Shirlene Vianna Moreira, Francis Ricardo dos Reis Justi, Carlos Falcao de Azevedo Gomes, Marcos Moreira
Summary: This study suggests that a music therapy intervention can be promising for improving episodic memory in older adults, especially those with dementia.
Article
Neurosciences
Jean Ikanga, Sabrina Hickle, Megan Schwinne, Emmanuel Epenge, Guy Gikelekele, Immaculee Kavugho, Nathan Tsengele, Mampunza Samuel, Liping Zhao, Deqiang Qiu, Anthony Stringer, Amit M. Saindane, Alvaro Alonso, Daniel L. Drane
Summary: This study explores the association between hippocampal volume and memory in healthy and probable Alzheimer's disease patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The results show that probable AD patients perform worse on memory tests and exhibit greater cerebral atrophy. The study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting neuroimaging research in Africa and suggests that cardiovascular problems are more prominent in African countries compared to Western countries.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Laura Glass Umfleet, Robert M. Bilder, David W. Loring, April Thames, Benjamin M. Hampstead, Russell M. Bauer, Daniel L. Drane, Lucia Cavanagh
Summary: Cognitive screening instruments (CSI) have limited effectiveness for detecting dementia in older adults living in the community. This article proposes a framework for transitioning from traditional CSI to advanced dementia screening methods that incorporate psychometrics, neuroscience, and technology. A psychometrically advanced, automated selective assessment model utilizing item response theory is suggested for an assessment revolution. The article also discusses the modernization of CSIs, diversity and inclusion issues, challenges in differentiating normal from pathological aging, and ethical considerations.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Malo Gaubert, Catharina Lange, Antoine Garnier-Crussard, Theresa Kobe, Salma Bougacha, Julie Gonneaud, Robin de Flores, Clemence Tomadesso, Florence Mezenge, Brigitte Landeau, Vincent de la Sayette, Gael Chetelat, Miranka Wirth
Summary: This study found that local white matter damage is correlated with multimodal brain biomarkers of AD. The results highlight modality-specific topographic patterns of WMH, which converged in the posterior white matter. Overall, these cross-sectional findings corroborate associations of regional WMH with AD-typical Ass deposition and neurodegeneration.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Helena Sophia Gleerup, Federica Sanna, Peter Hogh, Joel Simren, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Nicholas J. Ashton, Anja Hviid Simonsen
Summary: The study found that while NfL can be detected in saliva, it is not reflective of neurodegeneration in the brain and does not correlate with levels of AD biomarkers in CSF.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Justin Bushnell, Diana Svaldi, Matthew R. Ayers, Sujuan Gao, Frederick Unverzagt, John Del Gaizo, Virginia G. Wadley, Richard Kennedy, Joaquin Goni, David Glenn Clark
Summary: This study compared techniques for computing clustering and switching scores as predictors of incident cognitive impairment (ICI). The results showed that speed scores improved the prediction model for animal fluency, while letter fluency scores provided complementary information.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Brian J. Lithgow, Zeinab Dastgheib, Zahra Moussavi
Summary: This study investigated the use of EVestG biomarkers to predict the response of AD patients to rTMS treatment at baseline, showing that baseline EVestG features can serve as predictive indicators of rTMS efficacy.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liu-Yun Wu, Irwin K. Cheah, Joyce Ruifen Chong, Yuek Ling Chai, Jia Yun Tan, Saima Hilal, Henri Vrooman, Christopher P. Chen, Barry Halliwell, Mitchell K. P. Lai
Summary: The study found that plasma Ergothioneine (ET) concentrations were lowest in dementia patients, significantly lower compared to those with normal cognitive function or cognitive impairment. Low levels of ET were associated with disease severity and could potentially serve as a biomarker for cognitive impairment.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Leo Sokolovic, Markus J. Hofmann, Nadia Mohammad, Juraj Kukolja
Summary: This study aimed to identify diagnostic instruments that distinguish between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). The findings showed that AD patients performed worse in episodic memory and better in working memory compared to VaD patients. There was little support for other differences proposed by diagnostic systems and guidelines. The utility of cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric, and functional measures in differential diagnosis is limited and should be complemented by other information.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mercedes Lachen-Montes, Ignacio Inigo-Marco, Paz Cartas-Cejudo, Joaquin Fernandez-Irigoyen, Enrique Santamaria
Summary: This study assessed the olfactory bulb proteome-wide expression in MixD subjects and found differential expression of around 9% of quantified proteins, indicating aberrant proteostasis involvement in synaptic transmission, nucleoside monophosphate and carbohydrate metabolism, and neuron projection regeneration. Additionally, network-driven proteomics revealed modulation in cell-survival related pathways such as ERK, AKT, and the PDK1-PKC axis.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Tom Ala, Danah Bakir, Srishti Goel, Nida Feller, Albert Botchway, Cindy Womack
Summary: This study aims to improve the ability to differentiate between AD and DLB by studying MMSE scores and including other dementia patients for perspective. The results suggest that the equation P minus M can effectively distinguish between AD and DLB, and it can also differentiate AD from Parkinson's disease dementia.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Fatih Ozel, Saima Hilal, Maud de Feijter, Isabelle van der Velpen, Nese Direk, M. Arfan Ikram, Meike W. Vernooij, Annemarie Luik
Summary: This study found associations between neuroimaging markers and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Specifically, smaller total brain volume, larger white matter hyperintensities volume, presence of cortical infarcts, and higher mean diffusivity were cross-sectionally associated with more depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses showed that smaller total brain volume and presence of cortical infarcts were associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. These associations were more pronounced at older ages.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Bonnie Yin Ka Lam, Yuan Cai, Rufus Akinyemi, Geert Jan Biessels, Hilde van den Brink, Christopher Chen, Chin Wai Cheung, King Ngai Chow, Henry Kwun Hang Chung, Marco Duering, Siu Ting Fu, Deborah Gustafson, Saima Hilal, Vincent Ming Ho Hui, Rajesh Kalaria, Sang Yun Kim, Maggie Li Man Lam, Frank Erik de Leeuw, Ami Sin Man Li, Hugh Stephen Markus, Anna Marseglia, Huijing Zheng, John O'Brien, Leonardo Pantoni, Perminder Singh Sachdev, Eric E. Smith, Joanna Wardlaw, Vincent Chung Tong Mok
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The results demonstrated a high prevalence of cSVD in LMICs. There is a need for more data from different regions to support the findings, as there is currently bias in the available studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tavia E. Evans, Maria J. Knol, Petra Schwingenschuh, Katharina Wittfeld, Saima Hilal, M. Arfan Ikram, Florian Dubost, Kimberlin M. H. van Wijnen, Petra Katschnig, Pinar Yilmaz, Marleen de Bruijne, Mohamad Habes, Christopher Chen, Soenke Langer, Henry Volzke, M. Kamran Ikram, Hans J. Grabe, Reinhold Schmidt, Hieab H. H. Adams, Meike W. Vernooij
Summary: This study identified determinants of perivascular spaces (PVS) burden by pooling data from multiple cohort studies and using a uniform rating method. The results showed that PVS count increases with age, men have more PVS in the mesencephalon but less in the hippocampus, and higher blood pressure is associated with increased PVS in all regions. Furthermore, other factors such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, glucose levels, APOE genotypes, and presence of lacunes are also associated with PVS burden.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiangyuan Huang, Zher Min Tan, Chuen Seng Tan, Yi Lin Ng, Rob M. van Dam, Saima Hilal
Summary: This study examined the association between diet quality and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults of different ethnicities in Singapore. The findings showed that healthier dietary patterns were associated with better cognitive function, which could help promote healthier eating patterns in Asian populations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicole Shu Ning Teoh, Bibek Gyanwali, Mitchell K. P. Lai, Yuek Ling Chai, Joyce R. Chong, Eddie Jun Yi Chong, Christopher Chen, Chuen Seng Tan, Saima Hilal
Summary: This study investigated the association between baseline IL-6 and IL-8 levels and cognitive function as well as cognitive decline over a five-year follow-up period. The results showed a negative linear trend association between IL-8 levels and baseline cognitive function, particularly in attention, executive function, and visuospatial function domains. However, there was no association between IL-6 levels and cognitive function. These findings suggest the role of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment and indicate that blood inflammatory biomarkers may be useful in identifying patients at risk of cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yuek Ling Chai, Jasinda H. H. Lee, Joyce R. R. Chong, Clive Ballard, Paul T. Francis, Brian K. Kennedy, Thiruma V. Arumugam, Christopher P. P. Chen, Dag Aarsland, Mitchell K. P. Lai
Summary: This study compared the neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body dementias (LBD). The findings showed elevated levels of inflammatory mediators in the brains of AD patients, while there were no significant changes in LBD patients. Furthermore, the increase in neuroinflammatory markers was associated with neurofibrillary tangle burden in AD, but not in LBD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lu Ma, Xin Hu, Lili Song, Xiaoying Chen, Menglu Ouyang, Laurent Billot, Qiang Li, Alejandra Malavera, Xi Li, Paula Munoz-Venturelli, Asita de Silva, Nguyen Huy Thang, Kolawole W. Wahab, Jeyaraj D. Pandian, Mohammad Wasay, Octavio M. Pontes-Neto, Carlos Abanto, Antonio Arauz, Haiping Shi, Guanghai Tang, Sheng Zhu, Xiaochun She, Leibo Liu, Yuki Sakamoto, Shoujiang You, Qiao Han, Bernard Crutzen, Emily Cheung, Yunke Li, Xia Wang, Chen Chen, Feifeng Liu, Yang Zhao, Hao Li, Yi Liu, Yan Jiang, Lei Chen, Bo Wu, Ming Liu, Jianguo Xu, Chao You, Craig S. Anderson
Summary: Implementing a goal-directed care bundle that focuses on early intensive blood pressure lowering, strict glucose control, antipyrexia, and rapid reversal of anticoagulation can improve outcomes for patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage. This approach resulted in improved functional recovery and reduced serious adverse events in patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaung H. T. Salai, Liu-Yun Wu, Joyce R. R. Chong, Yuek Ling Chai, Bibek Gyanwali, Caroline Robert, Saima Hilal, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Gavin S. Dawe, Christopher P. P. Chen, Mitchell K. P. Lai
Summary: Tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) signaling plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses. Elevated levels of soluble TNF-R1 (sTNF-R1) have been observed in predementia subjects, and specifically associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and lower rates of cognitive decline. This suggests that sTNF-R1 interacts with vascular cognitive impairment in a complex manner, potentially providing protection against cognitive decline.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sokratis Charisis, Tanweer Rashid, Hangfan Liu, Jeffrey B. Ware, Paul N. Jensen, Thomas R. Austin, Karl Li, Elyas Fadaee, Saima Hilal, Christopher Chen, Timothy M. Hughes, Jose Rafael Romero, Jon B. Toledo, Will T. Longstreth, Timothy J. Hohman, Ilya Nasrallah, R. Nick Bryan, Lenore J. Launer, Christos Davatzikos, Sudha Seshadri, Susan R. Heckbert, Mohamad Habes
Summary: This study conducted a whole-brain investigation of enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVSs) and found that increased ePVS burden in the basal ganglia and thalamus is associated with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), highlighting the clinical importance of ePVSs in these locations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Yogesh Pokharkar, Jia Hui Chai, Christopher Li Hsian Chen
Summary: Despite advances in revascularisation interventions for acute ischemic stroke, many patients continue to experience disability. A study analyzed data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a neuro-repair treatment (NeuroAiD/MLC601) and found that patients receiving a 3-month course of MLC601 had a significantly shorter time to functional recovery compared to those receiving placebo.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marco Duering, Geert Jan Biessels, Amy Brodtmann, Christopher Chen, Charlotte Cordonnier, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Stephanie Debette, Richard Frayne, Eric Jouvent, Natalia S. Rost, Annemieke ter Telgte, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Walter H. Backes, Hee-Joon Bae, Rosalind Brown, Hugues Chabriat, Alberto De Luca, Charles deCarli, Anna Dewenter, Fergus N. Doubal, Michael Ewers, Thalia S. Field, Aravind Ganesh, Steven Greenberg, Karl G. Helmer, Saima Hilal, Angela C. C. Jochems, Hanna Jokinen, Hugo Kuijf, Bonnie Y. K. Lam, Jessica Lebenberg, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Pauline Maillard, Vincent C. T. Mok, Leonardo Pantoni, Salvatore Rudilosso, Claudia L. Satizabal, Markus D. Schirmer, Reinhold Schmidt, Colin Smith, Julie Staals, Michael J. Thrippleton, Susanne J. van Veluw, Prashanthi Vemuri, Yilong Wang, David Werring, Marialuisa Zedde, Rufus O. Akinyemi, Oscar H. Del Brutto, Hugh S. Markus, Yi-Cheng Zhu, Eric E. Smith, Martin Dichgans, Joanna M. Wardlaw
Summary: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common age-related condition that can cause stroke, cognitive decline, neurobehavioral symptoms, and functional impairment. STRIVE-1 classified and standardized the various visible features of SVD on structural MRI, but new information and imaging techniques have emerged since then. Quantitative imaging biomarkers and machine learning methods offer a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of SVD on the brain and can serve as intermediary outcomes in clinical trials and routine practice.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yi Lin Ng, Chuen Seng Tan, Marco Egle, Bibek Gyanwali, Daniel J. Tozer, Hugh S. Markus, Christopher Chen, Saima Hilal
Summary: Objective: This study examined the association between DTI histogram measures and cognitive decline, and found that they are associated with accelerated cognitive decline, suggesting the utility of DTI as a pre-clinical marker in predicting the worsening of cognition in clinical trials.
CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rui Li, Eric L. Harshfield, Steven Bell, Michael Burkhart, Anil M. Tuladhar, Saima Hilal, Daniel J. Tozer, Francesca M. Chappell, Stephen D. J. Makin, Jessica W. Lo, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Christopher Chen, Zoe Kourtzi, Hugh S. Markus
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using machine learning methods to predict dementia caused by cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and found that traditional statistical approaches performed better in prediction, especially with baseline cognitive abilities being highly predictive.
CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elijah Mak, Liwen Zhang, Chin Hong Tan, Anthonin Reilhac, Hee Youn Shim, Marcus Ong Qin Wen, Zi Xuen Wong, Eddie Jun Yi Chong, Xin Xu, Mary Stephenson, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Juan Helen Zhou, John T. O'Brien, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
Summary: This study investigated the influence of beta-amyloid accumulation on brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest that cortical thinning is correlated with amyloid deposition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, indicating an increasing influence of amyloid on neurodegeneration and memory decline along the disease progression.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xin Ying Chua, Federico Torta, Joyce R. Chong, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Saima Hilal, Markus R. Wenk, Christopher P. Chen, Thiruma V. Arumugam, Deron R. Herr, Mitchell K. P. Lai
Summary: AD and VaD are associated with distinct changes of plasma sphingolipids, and specific combinations of sphingolipids panels have higher sensitivity and specificity for classification of AD and VaD, compared to NCI.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)