Review
Oncology
Kristen McClellan, Emerson Y. Chen, Adel Kardosh, Charles D. Lopez, Jaydira Del Rivero, Nadine Mallak, Flavio G. Rocha, Yilun Koethe, Rodney Pommier, Erik Mittra, Guillaume J. Pegna
Summary: This review summarizes the current treatments for neuroendocrine tumors and explores the cellular changes involved in treatment resistance. It provides an up-to-date summary of clinical findings regarding therapy-resistant neuroendocrine tumors and discusses potential strategies to overcome resistance.
Article
Oncology
Jaydira Del Rivero, Kimberly Perez, Erin B. Kennedy, Erik S. Mittra, Namrata Vijayvergia, Junaid Arshad, Sandip Basu, Aman Chauhan, Arvind N. Dasari, Andrew M. Bellizzi, Alexandra Gangi, Erin Grady, James R. Howe, Jana Ivanidze, Mark Lewis, Josh Mailman, Nitya Raj, Heloisa P. Soares, Michael C. Soulen, Sarah B. White, Jennifer A. Chan, Pamela L. Kunz, Simron Singh, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Emily K. Bergsland
Summary: This article aims to provide systemic therapy recommendations for patients with well-differentiated grade 1 to grade 3 metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Through a systematic review and analysis of relevant studies, the recommendations for first-line and second-line therapies for different stages and types of GEP-NETs are provided, along with qualifying statements for treatment choice. The importance of multidisciplinary team management and shared decision-making with patients is emphasized.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Eduardo de Souza M. Fernandes, Camila V. Garcia Kyt, Felipe Pedreira Tavares de Mello, Leandro Savattone Pimentel, Ronaldo de Oliveira Andrade, Camila Girao, Camilla Cesar, Munique Siqueira, Maria Eduarda Monachesi, Anderson Brito, Claudia Cristina Tavares de Sousa, Wellington Andraus, Orlando Jorge M. Torres
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors are a diverse group of tumors found in various organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, thymus, thyroid, and adrenal glands. These tumors, particularly in the small intestine, appendix, and pancreas, often have metastases upon diagnosis. Classification of neuroendocrine tumors is based on cell differentiation and proliferation index. Treatment options for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors include surgery, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, percutaneous therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Liver surgery, specifically orthotopic liver transplantation, has shown promising results in selected cases. The aim of this study is to review the literature on orthotopic liver transplantation as a curative treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastasis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Judy S. Crabtree
Summary: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare and diverse tumors associated with genetic disorders and epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic signatures can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and as targets for the development of new treatment approaches.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Chanjuan Shi, Michael A. Morse
Summary: This article summarizes the treatment methods for advanced neuroendocrine tumors in the intestinal tract and pancreas, as well as the limitations in therapeutic resistance. Although the mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood, early studies suggest that combination therapy or the use of novel targeted drugs may be promising.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Valentina Andreasi, Stefano Partelli, Francesca Muffatti, Marco F. Manzoni, Gabriele Capurso, Massimo Falconi
Summary: The incidence of GEP-NENs has increased over the past three decades, leading to a variety of treatment options including conservative management, surgical resection, and medical therapies based on disease characteristics.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Gabriella Pugliese, Roberta Modica, Daniela Laudisio, Sara Aprano, Antongiulio Faggiano, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano
Summary: Patients with GEP-NET tend to have lower chronotype scores and more commonly display evening chronotypes compared to healthy subjects. Morning chronotype patients show better anthropometric measurements and MetS percentages. Patients with metastasis, G2 grading, and progressive disease tend to have lower chronotype scores.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Marco De Martino, Simona Pellecchia, Francesco Esposito, Nadia Tosti, Cristina Quintavalle, Serenella Eppenberger-Castori, Vincenza Carafa, Alberto Righi, Paolo Chieffi, Alfredo Fusco, Luigi Maria Terracciano, Pierlorenzo Pallante
Summary: This study evaluated the expression of HMGA1 in neuroendocrine tumors and its role in tumor development. The results showed that HMGA1 is overexpressed in tumor samples and that its silencing interferes with the proliferation and migration abilities of tumor cells.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Federica Campolo, Franz Sesti, Tiziana Feola, Giulia Puliani, Antongiulio Faggiano, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Marta Tenuta, Valeria Hasenmajer, Elisabetta Ferretti, Monica Verrico, Daniele Gianfrilli, Mary Anna Venneri, Andrea M. M. Isidori, Elisa Giannetta
Summary: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that circRNA signatures from tumor-educated platelets may serve as liquid biopsy biomarkers for the detection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and the prediction of early treatment response.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chiara Liverani, Chiara Spadazzi, Toni Ibrahim, Federica Pieri, Flavia Foca, Chiara Calabrese, Alessandro De Vita, Giacomo Miserocchi, Claudia Cocchi, Silvia Vanni, Giorgio Ercolani, Davide Cavaliere, Nicoletta Ranallo, Elisa Chiadini, Giovanna Prisinzano, Stefano Severi, Maddalena Sansovini, Giovanni Martinelli, Alberto Bongiovanni, Laura Mercatali
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a rare group of tumors with a wide range of clinical presentations. Lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). The overexpression of HRAS in tumor tissue may be a potential biomarker for lenvatinib response.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Satya Das, Arvind Dasari
Summary: Research on GEP NET in recent years has shown that the development of new drugs such as PRRT and RTKIs holds great promise and may improve treatment outcomes for patients. Immunotherapy is also seen as a treatment direction, and some new approaches may be realized for clinical use in the future, further improving the survival prospects of patients.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samantha E. Hoffman, Todd W. Dowrey, Carlos Villacorta Martin, Kevin Bi, Breanna Titchen, Shreya Johri, Laura Dellostritto, Miraj Patel, Colin Mackichan, Stephanie Inga, Judy Chen, Grace Grimaldi, Sara Napolitano, Isaac Wakiro, Jingyi Wu, Jason Yeung, Asaf Rotem, Ewa Sicinska, Erin Shannon, Thomas Clancy, Jiping Wang, Sarah Denning, Lauren Brais, Naomi R. Besson, Kathleen L. Pfaff, Ying Huang, Katrina Z. Kao, Scott Rodig, Jason L. Hornick, Sebastien Vigneau, Jihye Park, Matthew H. Kulke, Jennifer Chan, Eliezer M. Van Allen, George J. Murphy
Summary: This study investigated the single-cell transcriptomes of patients with gastroenteropancreatic NETs and found the transcriptomic heterogeneity of neuroendocrine tumor cells and the influence of tumor microenvironment on tumor pathophysiology, revealing potential avenues for future precision medicine therapeutics.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Vogele, Stefan A. Schmidt, Daniel Gnutzmann, Wolfgang M. Thaiss, Thomas J. Ettrich, Marko Kornmann, Meinrad Beer, Markus S. Juchems
Summary: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (GEP-NEN) is a heterogeneous and complex group of tumors that are often difficult to classify due to their heterogeneity and varying locations. Standard radiological methods, including ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET/CT, are available for localization and staging of NEN. Nuclear medical imaging methods with somatostatin analogs are superior in detection, especially in gastrointestinal NEN, while CT and MRI have high detection rates and have been further improved by developments such as diffusion-weighted imaging. PET/CT with somatostatin analogs should be used as the subsequent method.
Review
Oncology
Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Nadine Mallak, Scott Paulson, Chandrikha Chandrasekharan, Mona Natwa, Ayse Tuba Kendi, Hagen F. Kennecke
Summary: This article discusses the best practices in radioligand therapy for GEP-NETs patients, including imaging, clinical biochemistry, and tumor assessment criteria. Effective monitoring and surveillance measures are crucial for personalized clinical decision-making in individual clinical circumstances.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Apostolos Koffas, Christos Toumpanakis
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that require complex and individualized clinical decisions for management. Surgery is the only curative option, while high-grade advanced carcinomas should be primarily managed with platinum-based chemotherapy. Other treatment options include somatostatin analogs, interferon, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and locoregional treatment, all of which have associated treatment-related adverse events. However, the benefits offered by these treatments far outweigh the risks, leading to improved prognosis, symptom management, and quality of life for patients.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG SAFETY
(2021)